Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Finding the Causes of the Concretion Between Asthma and Urticaria: A Narrative Review","authors":"Md. Rezwan Ahmed Mahedi","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2023.4104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2023.4104","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, asthma and urticaria have become more common globally, imposing a significant economic and health burden on communities everywhere. Th2 cells, mast cells, eosinophil and M2 macrophages are all part of type-2 immune response, which is characteristic of many forms of allergy and asthma. Biomarkers are essential for precision medicine because of the clarity they provide in the identification of disease endotype, clusters, specific diagnoses, therapeutic target selection and the tracking of therapy effectiveness. Accurately measuring the biomarkers requires a variety of tools, including dependable point-of-care systems. It is preferable to collect samples in a way that is both quick and non-intrusive. In recent years, researchers have placed a premium on identifying novel biomarkers of allergic diseases and asthma. There are a number of intriguing markers of urticaria and asthma, including eosinophils, immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin and vitamin D insufficiency. The latest findings on the biomarkers associated with asthma and chronic urticaria are summarised in this article.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology","volume":"893 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116384891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water In the Body - The Harm of Drinking Ice Water and Ice Drinks","authors":"M. Kuman","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2023.4103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2023.4103","url":null,"abstract":"Drinking water is very important because our body is mostly water – a fetus is 95% water, a baby is 92% water – that is why they grow so fast. Between ages 20 and 30, the water content in the body drops to 70%. Between ages 40 and 50, the water is 50%, which makes the dehydrated skin to wrinkle. At age 70, the amount of water drops to 30%. Since the bones have vertical canals with structured water, which make them flexible, after the age of 70 when the water drops under 30% the bones become brittle. That is why the quality of the water we drink is so important [1].\u0000\u0000Always filter your water! The water is chlorinated to kill the germs in it, but be sure you always filter the chlorine out before drinking it because chlorinated water causes cancer (found in German and American studies) [2]. Always use carbon filters because it is a physical absorption without residues. Water filtered with reverse osmoses contains some residual chemicals, which sensitive individuals feel like bitter taste.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128979126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candidemia: A Hospital Based Study in Haematological Patients in Adult Population of Northern India","authors":"G. Banerjee","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2023.4102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2023.4102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Candidemia has become a common cause of fungal infection in bloodstream infection throughout the world. In hematological malignancies, patients have high rate of morbidity and mortality due to Candidemia. Objective: Early diagnosis and specific identification of Candida species in hematological patients is main purpose of the proposed study.\u0000\u0000Methods: In present study we enrolled patients with hematological malignancies (duration November 2018- April 2022). For early diagnosis of Candidemia we did conventional method, antigen detection and PCR. We compared the conventional, automated, antigen detection test and PCR method for diagnosis of Candidemia and then we performed antifungal susceptibility testing for treatment in hematological patients.\u0000\u0000Results: Total 229 patients were enrolled on the basis of febrile neutropenia. Total 152/229 male (66.37%) and 77/229 (33.62%) were participated in present study followed by age range from 10- 77 years (Mean=33.65, Standard deviation=16.40). Prevalence of the Candidemia was 2.1 in the present study. Five patients (2.6%) were positive from blood culture and nine patients (4.8%) were positive by PCR. Among 4 patients of AML, there were 3 Candida troicalis (3; 1.60%) and 1 Candida auris (1; 0.5%) were present followed by 1 patient of pancytopenia Candida tropicalis (1; 0.5%) present.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: This present observational study recognizes main association of Candidemia in hematological malignancies. Automated methods are more sensitive and specific for species identification. We try to apply Non culture method like PCR and mannan antigen in routine laboratories to diagnose early stage Candidemia infection for better treatment to cure the disease.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125317264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inundate and Deluge-Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis","authors":"Anu Bajaj","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2023.4101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2023.4101","url":null,"abstract":"Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is categorized into congenital, genetic or primary and acquired or secondary subtypes. Immune activation with consequent hyper-cytokinemia induces histiocytic infiltration within reticuloendothelial organs along with hemophagocytosis of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and precursor cells. Untreated primary and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is invariably associated with disease associated mortality. However, adoption of contemporary therapeutic protocols document 5 year survival rates of ~ 54%. Familial or primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a progressive, autosomal recessive condition characteristically occurring within young age. The disorder exemplifies decimated NK cell function and frequently detected mutations within perforin gene.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123747052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm Formation, Virulence Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida spp. Isolated From the Oral Cavity of Diabetes Mellitus Patients","authors":"L. Yamauchi","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3306","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Candida species colonize human microbiota and some conditions, such as immunosuppression or chronic illness, predispose the individual to fungal infections; among them, diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder frequently associated with higher rates of yeast infections.\u0000\u0000Material and Methods: The prevalence of Candida species in the oral cavity of patients with diabetes mellitus was evaluated and the carriage was compared between type 1 and type 2 diabetic groups. In addition, in vitro susceptibility to antifungals, biofilm formation, cell surface hydrophobicity, and the production of hydrolytic enzymes were tested.\u0000\u0000Results: The results demonstrated the presence of different Candida species in the oral cavity of diabetic patients; and, also showed that type 1 diabetic patients are more susceptible to Candida colonization. Almost all isolates produce virulence factors such as proteases, phospholipases, or form biofilm; and they are sensitive to fluconazole and nystatin.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Colonization of Candida spp. oral isolates from type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients were similar; however, type 1 presented a higher colony-forming unit counting. Overall, Candida isolates from the oral cavity of diabetic patients are potential pathogens of candidiasis.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123625483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stop Eating Fast, Keep Staying Last","authors":"A. Nikkhah","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3305","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses an important abnormal eating behavior or ‘speedy eating’ that can predispose human body to diabesity (diabetes and obesity) development and its associated complexities in the stressful modern times. Although, more research is required to enlighten the various clinical and psychological aspects of this phenomenon, public health programs must take new initiatives in educating people of different ages to manage stresses and slow down eating to help optimize endocrinology and metabolism and minimize diabesity risks. Efforts must be focused on edificating people how to overcome and manage their stresses first before ‘slow eating’ could be prioritized and practiced as a powerful lifestyle strategy. Meanwhile, stop eating fast, keep staying last!","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130167144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey of Methicillin-Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients Hospitalized in the ICU, NICU and Surgical Departments of Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals","authors":"M. Rahimkhani","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3303","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that causes various infections. The presence of some pathogenic factors in this bacterium helps the bacteria to survive in response to the immune system and antimicrobial treatments. Efforts to treat infections caused by these strains have resulted in resistance to most antibiotics, especially methicillin and vancomycin resistance, during recent years. Therefore, the consequences of infections caused by this bacterium can be serious. In this study we aimed to survey methicillin- resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients hospitalized in the ICU, NICU and surgical departments of Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals.\u0000\u0000Material and Method: 430 clinical samples of the patients were collected and identified as Staphylococcus aureus by phenotype and biotype tests. MRSA isolates were first screened by showing resistance to cefoxitin by disc diffusion method and finally confirmed by examining the mecA gene by PCR. The microbial resistance pattern of MRSA was also measured by disk diffusion method. Investigating the presence of a vancomycin resistance gene in isolated MRSA occurred by PCR.\u0000\u0000Results: Out of 430 clinical samples, 117 (27.20%) Staphylococcus aureus were isolated of which 42 (35.89%) were identified as MRSA. The most MRSA obtained from the ICU department with 25 cases (59.52%). The majority of patients infected with MRSA belonged to the age group of 40-65 years. The mecA gene was detected in all MRSA. The entire MRSA was 100% sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid, and 100% resistance to cloxacillin. Molecular detection of vanA gene in isolated MRSA showed 2 (4.76%) of them contained vanA gene.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The high prevalence of MRSA and its antibiotic resistance pattern to vancomycin and other antibiotic families can lead to treatment failures, uncontrolled nosocomial infections, and mortality. Although the PCR-based detection method is superior to other conventional techniques, a combination of these methods can provide diagnostic accuracy.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124320454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Night Meals to Pay Bills: An Immunological Innovation","authors":"A. Nikkhah","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3301","url":null,"abstract":"This objective of this policy opinion article was to address a perspective if chrono-eating can help prevent immunodeficiency diseases by optimizing circadian rhythms of nutrient assimilation and metabolism. In the modern era, eating timing, sequence, and frequency have been modified significantly. People tend to consume fast foods during later times of the circadian phase or almost 24-h period. Rising evidence indicates that eating at wrong times (i.e., evening and night) and inadequate physical activity would lead to suboptimal physiological rhythms of nutrient assimilation and metabolism. This trend is postulated to weaken immunity and cause obesity, diabetes, and other immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. These abnormalities are amongst the foremost metabolic disorders worldwide. Eating slowly releasing energy later in the evening and overnight may help optimize immunity. Therefore, chrono-eating is a mounting science that helps optimize circadian food consumption behavior to prevent, or at the very least, reduce immunodeficiency and associated metabolic disorders development.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126565546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Cancer and the Immune System","authors":"D. Bekele","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3208","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a term for a large group of diseases caused by abnormal cells divide rapidly and spread to other tissue and organs. Under normal circumstances, so many cells multiply as long as the body is in need of them for the proper function daily. Healthy cells have a particular life cycle, reproducing and dying off in a way that is determined by the kind of cell. New cells replace old or damaged cells when they die. On the other hand, abnormal growth of cell or cancer disrupts this normal function. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It can migrate through the blood vessels or lymphatic system to different areas throughout the body. With regard to cancer diagnosis: one method is detection of a compromised immunological response of the patient toward his own tumor cells. And the second method is to use antisera, with which immunization of animals with human tumor extracts, for the detection of substances released into the blood by the tumor cells.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134479623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Microbials Enhance Commercial Calves’ Gut Integrity, Immunity and Health?","authors":"A. Nikkhah","doi":"10.46889/jcim.2022.3207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46889/jcim.2022.3207","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Microbials (SM) could offer commercial young dairy calves with healthy subjects to enhance gut microbial diversity and host health if calves are managed properly and optimally. The possible helpfulness of SM, however, must not be overstated and overemphasized. The major aim of this editorial was to address whether SM is practically workable in preventing digestive disorders namely diarrhoea. Another aim was to underline the possible efficacy of such products in enhancing calf health and immunity. Protecting newborn calves against infectious diseases and concurrently, improving their health and growth in early life is strictly related to herd economics and production sustainability. Diarrhoea is the most prevalent infectious disease, causing calf morbidity and mortality worldwide. Supplementing dairy calf diets (i.e., milk or starter) with potentially beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast has been attempted to improve the gut microbial ecosystem and optimize nutrient assimilation and immunity. However, infectious diarrhoea still remains a major problem in many dairy and beef farms around the globe. Since diarrhoea has a multi-factorial nature, it seems that the possible efficacy of SM depends on the environmental and management conditions in which the calves are raised. The rearing system (e.g., individual vs. group housing), diet, environmental microbial load and other management factors are involved in the incidence of diarrhoea. Therefore, using probiotic products may interact with such factors, thus influencing their effectiveness and likely causing inconsistencies concerning probiotics’ usefulness in commercial dairy farms.","PeriodicalId":308430,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology","volume":"82 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132532172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}