Gender and behaviour最新文献

{"title":"The Traumatic Experiences and Psychological Health of women working in Two Male-Dominated Professions in Nigeria.","authors":"E. O. Akinnawo, E. A. Fayankinnu","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61949","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the traumatic experiences and psychological health of women working in male-dominated professions. Their reported traumatic experiences and psychological health were compared with those of women working in female-dominated professions and men in male dominated processions. Samples of 200 women working in male-dominated professions (WMDP), 180 women working in women-dominated profession (WWDP) and 105 men working in male-dominated professions (MMDP) responded to Awaritefe Psychological Index (API) (Form C) and a Traumatic Experience Questionnaire (TEQ). The data-set was analysed electronically through SPSS. The formulated hypotheses were tested by t-Test for independent groups. The reported traumatic experiences of the WMDP are jail breaks, riot by prison inmates, sight of torture, resistance to arrest by criminals, traffic controlling, sexual harassment, social discrimination, role conflict, negative attitude and envy from male colleagues of the same. The WMDP experienced significantly more trauma than both WWDP and MMDP. WMDP manifested significantly higher level of general Psychopathology than WWDP. No significant difference was observed in the levels of general Psychopathology of WMDP and MMDP. Findings were discussed and appropriate recommendations were put forward. Key Words: Traumatic experiences, Psychological health, women, male dominated professions, Nigeria,","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122474672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of risk-taking behaviour of female entrepreneurs in the informal sector of Oyo state economy Ogbomosho area","authors":"O. Alese","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61951","url":null,"abstract":"Risk-taking is a major component of entrepreneurial activity and this is the reason entrepreneurs bear substantial risk. Entrepreneurship in developing countries and Nigeria reside in the informal sector because of its heterogeneous nature. Women have been involved in entrepreneurship since time immemorial, learning the traditional family trades and services. Economic recession had increased the number of female entrepreneurs but they are usually limited to a narrow range of activities in more precarious types of employment thereby, yielding low growth. The aggravating socio-economic crisis in Nigeria coupled with the precarious situation in which female entrepreneurs carry out their economic activities now require an alternative analytical and policy approaches. Such identified policy options to address this menance is the stimulatory, supporting and sustaining human resource development through the growth of entrepreneurship from the informal sector to the more stable and vibrant formal sector. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design, using a total of one hundred and twenty-eight (128) female entrepreneurs as participants from (4) four purposively selected skills. Risk-Taking Behaviour among Female Entrepreneurs Scale with reliability co-efficient of 0.86 was used to elicit responses from the participants. However, it was complemented with 4 Focus Group Discussion sessions (FGDs) with female entrepreneurs from the 4 selected skills. Anova and multiple regression were used to analyse the data collected. The qualitative data were analysed with content analysis and summaries. The result showed that there is a significant correlation between entrepreneurship and the female entrepreneurs‟ risk-taking behaviour (r = .421 n = 114, p<0.005). Obviously, a good measure of risk-taking is still imperative in entrepreneurship but this risk-taking behaviour, should meet the growth potential in socio-economic development of the individuals involved and the society at large. The existing practice is labour intensive as it affects female entrepreneurs who are mostly poor and thus invest less in their projects which also affects their business size. In line with the findings above, the study recommends a policy option that embraces financial risk-taking and risk-sharing abilities both on the side of the government and non-governmental authorities promoting entrepreneurship. They should also provide support in the supply of scarce raw materials, marketing of products, modernization and diversification of products, good infrastructural development for industrial extension and product preservation.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125455513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Mathematics Performance among Senior High Students in Ghana","authors":"K. O. Asante","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61947","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored sex differences in mathematics performance of students in the final year of high school and changes in these differences over a 3-year period in Ghana. A convenience sample of 182 students, 109 boys and 72 girls in three high schools in Ghana was used. Mathematics performance was assessed using their classroom marks in the first and third year. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between mathematics performance between boys and girls. These findings, consistent with previous Western studies, are discussed and educational implications of the findings suggested.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121997550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological empowerment and development of entrepreneurship among women : implications for sustainable economic development in Nigeria","authors":"Ike E. Onyishi, A. Agbo","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61932","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of sustainable economic development in Africa has continued to attract the interest of economic analysts, political commentators and other social scientists. Successive governments in Nigeria and as well the rest of African have adopted several strategies to engender growth and development, but it seems that most of these attempts have not achieved the desired results. Most of the previous development efforts in Africa, including Nigeria, have focused on the political and economic-related issues with little or no reference to psychological factors in development. This paper therefore examines the role of psychological empowerment in development of entrepreneurship among women. It is acknowledged that one major problem of underdevelopment in Nigeria is the issue of unemployment, especially among willing and employable Nigerians. Women have also been seen as very relevant in current development efforts in developing countries and their contributions in wealth creation have been amply documented. It is argued here that women can generate the needed employment and wealth on their own but it may be necessary to empower them psychologically to become successful entrepreneurs. The paper also links entrepreneurship with wealth creation and pointed out the implications of entrepreneurship in sustainable economic development.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134018195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Economic and Cultural Factors in Maternal Mortality in Nigeria.","authors":"C. Muoghalu","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I2.69728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I2.69728","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of maternal mortality has been very topical due to recent focus on sustainable development and because of the fact that maternal mortality is very high in many developing countries. In Nigeria, maternal mortality is very high and one of the highest in the world. There are cultural and social factors that exacerbate the problem in Nigeria. This paper reviews the influence of poverty, lack of education, cultural food taboos and gender relations on maternal mortality in Nigeria. The review was done using existing literatures on the subject. It was found that many women are illiterates and this affects their level of knowledge and exposure and also their level of income and all these impinge on their nutritional status. This situation also affects their ability to exercise their rights as human beings. Moreover, the introduction of user charges in government hospitals made unafordable for many women and make them patronize faith clinics and traditional medical practitioners and in this way, many avoidable deaths occur. The gender relations was also found to be a very important factor in life chances and pregnancy outcomes of women and women‟s health generally. It was therefore concluded that the high maternal mortality in Nigeria is as a result of these socio cultural factors. These factors and issues should be addressed if Nigeria is truly sincere in curbing the menace of high maternal mortality. Key words : maternal mortality, poverty, education, culture, gender and employment.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124737311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing gender inequality in classroom teaching and learning for capacity building of female participation in the nation building","authors":"O. E. Abdullahi","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61945","url":null,"abstract":"The thrust of the paper is that the needs of specific interest and attention in gender sensitivity in classroom teaching and learning should be safeguarded. There should be built Nigeria opportunities for gender equality in the Nigerian education system. This implies that learning resources do need to be guaranteed, especially for female learners. Without a national framework to ensure that gender sensitivity in classroom teaching and learning is reduced or completely eliminated, the issue of female equality in human endeavour would continue to be fragmented, despite the pronounced consensus about the importance of life-long education for female learners for active citizenship. Most important to note, however, is that the effectiveness and success of such framework would be a factor of relative bargaining power of the female folks, to ensure equal and full participation in the national development.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"10 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126105853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Life among Female Workers in Edo State: Consideration of Job-Type, Age and Marital Status","authors":"H. O. Imhonde, E. O. Idiakheua, O. F. Ewanbhorshioria","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I1.54701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I1.54701","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the role of age, marital status and job-type on quality of Life amonge female workers in Edo State (N =188). Results from t-test revealed that female teachers reported better quality of life than female police officer, married female workers reported better quality of life than single female workers, while there was no significant difference in the quality of life between young female workers and older female workers. Results of the analysis of variance revealed that the interaction of age, marital status and job-type have a significant influence on quality of life among female workers. The findings revealed that demographic variables have significant effect on quality of life among female teachers and female police officers","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"24 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123050999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender factors affecting female labour input in the Nigerian university system","authors":"C. Ogbogu","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I1.54684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I1.54684","url":null,"abstract":"The concentration of female university staff at lower levels of the university labour force is compounded by their gender attributes. This paper therefore sought to identify and examine the gender variables which mostly affect women‟s job performance in the Nigerian university system. This was done with a view to create awareness on the need to break the „glass ceiling‟ which currently exists in the Nigerian University labour force. Questionnaires were administered on 730 females grouped into academic, administrative and technical staff using the purposive sampling method. Twelve randomly selected Federal universities from the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria were used for the study. The study revealed that child rearing practices, domestic responsibilities and marriage are the gender factors which mostly impact on the job performance of females. Female‟s sexuality which includes menstrual cycle, menopause and the mythic emotionality associated with women and which is used as grounds for control and exclusion do not impact on their job. The study concluded that changes in policy and academic culture are essential in building a gender-friendly university work environment. Keywords : Gender factors, female, labour input, university, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124241991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding and emotions of infants of working mothers in Adekunle Ajasin university, Akungba - Akoko in Ondo State","authors":"B. Ajidahun","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I1.54679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I1.54679","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined breast feeding and emotions of infants of working mothers in Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko in Ondo State. A total number of 150 mothers randomly selected from different unit of the University were used as research subjects. The subjects were exposed to Maternal Employment Questionnaire (MEQ) consisting of fifteen items. Three hypotheses were postulated. The data were analyzed using chi-square statistics. Results showed that breastfeeding, emotional development and the quality of the day care were significantly related to maternal employment. Keywords : Breastfeeding, infants, emotional development, maternal employment.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132929402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual harassment in the workplace: a case study of Nigeria","authors":"Kofi Johnson","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I1.54708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I1.54708","url":null,"abstract":"Quietly, many women in the world face an uphill battle at home, at work and on college campuses. The battle is sexual harassment. The numbers are staggering. Every day, hundreds of thousands of women are sexually harassed. In the developing nations, because of customs and traditions, women are afraid to speak out. In addition, they feel ashamed and are fearful of losing their jobs if they bring sexual harassment to the attention of authorities. Also, Sexual harassment is clearly an example of the challenges faced by the Human Resource function in the new global market. This study examines the subject of varied interpretations of sexual harassment in the global arena with emphasis on Nigerian experience. A model is suggested based on legal and cultural differences and data are presented regarding the perceptions of various types of various sexual harassment. The paper concludes by analyzing data collected of 34 Nigerian women interviewed, and finally, suggestions are made on how to improve conditions of Nigerian women in the workforce.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116977411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}