Gender and behaviour最新文献

{"title":"Information and Communication Technology (ICT) graduates and challenges of employability: A conceptual framework for enhancing employment opportunities in South Africa","authors":"K. Ohei, Roelien Brink, A. Abiodun","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V17I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V17I3","url":null,"abstract":"Graduate unemployment is among the most predominant problems facing South Africa. The underlying assumption is that employability issues have severe implications and have raised unresolved questions about universities’ curriculum, the quality of graduates produced, and their ability to meet the essential demands of employers. This paper probed the development of a framework for addressing the employability of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) graduates. The aim was to explore the issues that ICT graduates are encountering when seeking entrance to the labour market. The paper adopted two framework models by Knight and Yorke (USEM model) and Dacre Pool and Sewell (CareerEDGE Model), supported by a systematic literature review (SLR). The findings revealed that ICT graduates at all levels of qualifications struggle to get jobs, irrespective of their qualifications, due to socio-economic problems resulting in a shortage and non-creation of jobs to accommodate the up-and-coming ICT graduates. As a consequence, these graduates are still vulnerable in the labour market. Several other associated challenges identified in the developed framework were linked to work experience, namely a lack of soft and hard skills and business skills. In spite of these challenges, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have a definitive role to play. One of which is to produce academic graduates with practical skills and traits, coherent knowledge and application in the workspace. The curriculum design should be restructured to align with employers’ skills requirements from ICT graduates. HEIs should ensure that there is proper communication among triad parties and stakeholders through the incorporation of work-integrated learning (WIL) as a best practice for improvement.Key phrases Employability, hard and soft, HEI, ICT graduates, skill shortage, unemployment","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":" 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114060684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences of paternal and maternal parenting on attitude towards premarital sex among some selected youths in an academic setting","authors":"B. Olawa, E. Idemudia","doi":"10.4314/gab.v17i2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gab.v17i2","url":null,"abstract":"Given that parental practices play significant role in the initiation of premarital sex among adolescents and youths, the present study examined the association between parenting styles and attitude towards premarital sex among 235 undergraduates (age range = 16-30) of a public university in Nigeria. Two structured psychological tests which include Buri’s Parenting Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and Attitude towards Premarital Sex Questionnaire (ATPSQ) were adopted for data collection. Data were analyzed using linear regression. Result showed that for every one unit in paternal authoritative style, there was .31 decrease in premarital sexual attitudes (p = .047). Also, for every one unit in maternal permissiveness, there was .35 increase in premarital sexual attitudes (p = .015). The male gender was associated with positive disposition towards engaging in premarital sex [β = .16, p = .016]. After con trolling for g ender, the influence of paternal authoritativeness on premarital sexual attitudes became non-significant [β = .22, p = .20] whereas maternal permissiveness was [β = -.14, p = .03]. Collectively, findings suggest differences of paternal and maternal rearing patterns on attitudes towards premarital sex. Keywords: Parental practices, Paternal, Maternal, Premarital sexual attitudes, Gender","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114571735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reengineering mathematics teaching within culturally relevant pedagogy framework","authors":"David Matsepe, Mugwena Maluleke","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V16I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V16I2","url":null,"abstract":"Poor learner performance is one of the major global concerns that education systems all over the world have to address. This is more so when it comes to mathematics. This paper analyses the challenges that are encountered by teachers in the teaching and learning of Mathematics in rural secondary public schools in the North West Province. The study argues that we do not only need interaction with teachers, but a deep culturally relevant pedagogy is also required. One of the ways to achieve this is by engaging meaningfully with teachers and this study does so through interviews so as to determine their perspective on how learners can best be helped to succeed in Mathematics. Furthermore, in this engagement process, this paper considered circumstances surrounding its environment and the specific facets which exist in its environment in order to ensure maximum reach and effectiveness and consequently the success of Mathematics teaching.Keywords: Culture, mathematics, culturally relevant pedagogy, generational divide, public secondary schools","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114228978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Domestic Violence and Parenting Style on Children's Psychological Well-Being","authors":"Okon A. Umoren, Ngozi C. Owiriwa","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V16I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V16I3","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the influence of domestic violence and parenting style on psychological well-being of children. Four hundred and thirty-one (431) participants (two hundred and fifty females and one hundred and eighty-one males) were selected from four primary schools in Uyo metropolis using purposive sampling technique. Participants’ ages ranged between 8 and 13 years and the mean age was 10.36. Three instruments were used for data collection: Children’s Exposure to Domestic Violence Scale, Parental Authority Questionnaire, and the Ruff Psychological Well-Being Scale. A 2 x 3 factorial design was adopted for the study and data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Two hypothesis were tested in the study and the result of the first hypothesis showed a significant influence of domestic violence on children’s psychological well-being [F (1,226) = 10.2; P 0.5]. The result further revealed that there was no interaction effect between domestic violence and parenting style in predicting children’s psychological well-being [F (2,226) = .45; P>.05). The findings of the study were discussed in line with existing literature. Parents were advised to seek counseling from qualified and competent counsellors on how to manage or resolve conflict so that it does not escalate into violence.Keywords: Domestic violence, parenting style, psychological wellbeing and children.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114897486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and perception of female students towards sexual violence in Lagos state, Nigeria","authors":"Omozusi Mercy Omosefe, Okonjo Anita Adasomuso, O. Banjo","doi":"10.4314/gab.v16i1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gab.v16i1","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual violence is a serious offense, yet discussion on the topic is often avoided and the type of sexual abuse that is rarely discussed is sexual exploitation of children and youth. Hence the study focused to examine the knowledge and perception of adolescents towards sexual violence. The study adopted descriptive research survey method. The population of the study is female students in three secondary schools in Lagos state. The sample size was 257 and simple random sampling was adopted as sampling techniques. From the study it was found that adolescents had negative perception towards sexual violence, because respondents’ response on sexual violence is an occurrence which most ladies will experience at least once in their life time before marriage it was observed that 35.0% strongly agreed while 49.0% agreed, 4.7% disagreed, and 5.8% strongly disagreed while 5.4% choose undecided option. Knowledge on the pattern of sexual violence prevailing in the society, results showed that 32.3% response was slapping or battering/beating (no injury), 31.9% response was forcing or brutalizing partner before sex, 20.2% response was abusing/ cursing partner verbally, 13.6% mention other forms of violence while least response was boyfriend raping girlfriend 1.9%. Therefore its concluded that majority of respondents had knowledge on the pattern of sexual violence prevailing in the society. The study recommended that Parents and teachers should be sensitized about the whole question of adolescents‟ sexuality so that they can be more involved in teaching them the same and the community should work hand in hand with community-based organization and NGOs to educate the adolescents on responsible sex behavior.Keywords: Knowledge, Perception, Sexual violence, Female students","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115298470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological distress and its associated socio-demographic factors among amputees in an orthopaedic hospital in south-eastern Nigeria","authors":"R. Muomah, C. Nwadinigwe, Apollos C. Ndukuba, P. Odinka, John Bosco Chika Chukworji, K. Amadi","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V15I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V15I3","url":null,"abstract":"Early detection and treatment of psychological morbidity have been associated with reduction in long-term disability and increase in total well-being of amputees. However, much attention have been focused on the management of the physical disability with little interest on differences in distress on account of socio-demographic factors such as gender. This cross-sectional study examined psychological distress in 86 orthopaedic patients with limb amputation participated in the study. They were assessed with the Symptom Distress Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and socio-demographic questionnaire. Results showed that about sixty-four percent (64.4%) of the participants manifested distress in at least one domain of the Symptom Distress Checklist. None of the socio-demographic variables (e.g., gender) differentiated the participants in their self-reported psychological distress. Considering the high prevalence of psychological distress among amputees, mental health professionals should be involved in the management of these patients prior to and after amputation in order to enhance and promote prevention, early detection and treatment of psychological morbidity among amputees.Keywords: Amputation, Gender, Mental Health, Psychological distress, Psychotherapy","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116442931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connecting the dots: exploring dispositions in teacher education","authors":"Nhlanhla Mpofu, M. Nthontho","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V15I4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V15I4","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to explore the dispositions that pre-service teachers require in order to be effective practitioners. Pre-service teachers study a curriculum that equips them with the content, as well as the pedagogical, psychological and philosophical knowledge, that are foundational to their tasks as both professional and subject specialists. However, in order to be responsive to the human quality of teaching, pre-service teachers also require certain dispositions that enable them to build and develop learners. There is thus a need to understand the dispositions that pre-service teachers require in order to be effective practitioners. This study is underpinned by Dewey's constructivist developmental learning theory and also Bandura's social learning theory. The critical question we endeavoured to answer in this study was: What teaching dispositions do pre-service teachers require to be effective practitioners? In order to answer the research question, five journal articles were selected using the following criteria: focus on defining teaching dispositions and listing and explaining teaching dispositions. The study adopted a qualitative approach positioned in the interpretivist paradigm. Inductive thematic analysis was employed to analyse the findings from the five selected journal articles. The findings revealed that pre-service teachers require self-related, learner-related and profession-related dispositions to be effective practitioners. Thus, based on the study's results, we recommend that teacher preparation programmes deliberately include dispositional qualities in their curriculum.Keywords: teaching dispositions; pre-service teachers; South African teacher curriculum; teacher knowledge; teacher preparation programmes","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"135 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114091872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical exposition of feminism amd womanism in African context","authors":"M. Z. Shamase","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V15I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V15I2","url":null,"abstract":"A plethora of scholars argue that that feminism is tailor-made to serve a particular group of people and it does not address the need of all women. As a term conceptualized and adopted by white American women, feminism entails an agenda designed to meet the needs and demands of that particular group. For this reason, it is plausible for white women to identify with feminism and feminist movement. Placing all women’s history under white women’s history, thereby giving the latter a definite position, is problematic. Thus, various definitions, including womanism, have been coined to best suit the needs of different racial groups, black women in particular. Alice Walker (1983) in her acclaimed volume of essays “In search of our mother’s garden” though using the term womanism interchangeably, argues that a “womanist” was “a black feminist or feminist of color”. Most African American women note little difference between the two since both support a common agenda of black women’s self definition and self-determination.This paper presents and attests to a view that while feminism and womanism are western-oriented, there is a feminism and womanism intelligible in an African context.Keywords: Africana; feminism; womanism; women; sexual equality; stiwanism; taxonomy","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"37 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113973491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intimate partner violence among pregnant women and women attending out-patient services in Thailand : a longitudinal study","authors":"S. Pengpid, K. Peltzer, Judith McFarlane, Apa Puckpinyo","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V14I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V14I3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\"Intimate partner violence refers to any behaviour within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological or sexual harm to those in that relationship. It includes acts of physical aggression, psychological abuse, forced sexual intercourse or any other controlling behaviour.\" (Krug, Dahlberg, Mercy, Zwi & Lozano, 2002).Surveys in the health care setting in Thailand found among pregnant women, 13.1% report ever been abused (Thananowan & Heidrich, 2008), 34% had been exposed to violence (Chatchawawit, 2008), 26.6% had experienced threats and physical violence (Saito, Creedy, Cooke & Chaboyer, 2013), and among postpartum women, 9.5% had been subjected to threats and physical violence in Thailand (Saito, Creedy, Cooke & Chaboyer, 2012). Few studies, mostly during pregnancy and the postpartum period studied intimate partner violence (IPV) longitudinally (Escriba-Aguir, Royo-Marques, Artazcoz, Romito & Ruiz-Perez, 2013). For example, Groves, McNaughton-Reyes, Foshee, Moodley and Maman (2014, p.9) found the \"mean trajectory for physical and psychological partner violence was flat which suggests that, on average, there was not a significant change in the levels of IPV over pregnancy and the first 9 months postpartum.\" In Sricamsuk's (2006) cohort study in Koen Khaen in Northern Thailand the prevalence of psychological, physical and sexual violence reduced from 53.7% psychological, 26.6% physical and 19.2% sexual violence during pregnancy to 35.4% psychological, 9.5% physical and 11.3% sexual violence at 6 weeks postpartum.Several studies found that the majority of IPV victims, including those with mental health problems, do not seek assistance from health care or other community agencies (Ali, Mogren & Krantz, 2013; Nikbakht Nasrabadi, Hossein & Abbasi, 2014). For example, 80%-90% of women who experienced in Thailand had never accessed community agencies such as health care services or the police (Archavanitkul, Kanchanachitra, Im-Em & Lerdsrisantad, 2003).The aim of this study was to assess the change of IPV severity over time, among pregnant women and women attending out-patient services who screened positive IPV.DesignA longitudinal prospective study of 207 abused pregnant women and women attending out-patient services who assessed positive for physical, emotional or sexual abuse within the preceding 12 months in eight hospitals in Nakhon Pathom and one hospital in Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand. The women were informed that they would be contacted for interviews beginning 2, 4 and 6 months post delivery or post baseline assessment.ProceduresAfter informed consent a female research assistant screened (see below 3 questions) pregnant women when attending an antenatal care clinic visit and women attending out-patient services (18-49 years) for partner violence. For the woman who is positive for abuse, by responding \"yes\" to questions 1 or 2 or 3 on the Abuse Assessment Screen:1. During the last 12 months, have you been pushed, ","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117213085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On becoming a domestic worker the case of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa","authors":"T. Thobejane, S. Khosa","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V14I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V14I2","url":null,"abstract":"In modern societies, domestic workers play a pivotal role in supporting the labor market and the economy of a country at large through relieving working families of household chores. Given this background Lutz (2007) argues that domestic work is a crucial tool for sustainability and functioning of the economy. Statistics have it that an estimated one third of the world's households rely on domestic workers (Albin, 2011). International Labour Organisation (2010) also echoes the same sentiment noting that, although statistics about domestic workers is scarce, the number of domestic workers worldwide is estimated at over 100 million and is on the rise everywhere. Given the fact that the sector is female dominated, it becomes the main source of employment for women especially in South Africa (ILO, 2010). This is testimony enough to show the significance of domestic workers in many countries. Developed countries have a higher percentage of domestic workers than developing countries (Steedman, 2009). This is mainly due to the labour market structure which absorbs many people regardless of their gender unlike in developing countries where the employment of women was very low until recently when gender equality was advocated. In the wake of the world economic recession, Lutz (2007) suggests that domestic work is an effective alternative employment opportunity for the unskilled labour which cannot be absorbed in other occupations. Despite the importance of domestic work to the modern society, its regulation is still a challenge (International Labor Organization: ILO, 2012). More significantly, the close intimacy between employee and the employer makes the former appear as a family member than a worker. This reduces their value and the measurement of their economic status. Additionally, the fact that domestic work is invisible as it is performed behind closed doors, makes it difficult to regulate (Anderson, 2007). According to Steedman (2009)the fact of legislation vulnerability of domestic workers is historically entrenched, especially in the United Kingdom. In the UK, domestic workers were not included in the legislation for a long time. This was due to the proximity and intimacy to their employers among other reasons. Albin (2011) reports that, in recent years several changes have occurred regarding the legislation in the UK. However, he contends that within these changes there are still many pitfalls which expose domestic workers to economic vulnerability. For instance, they are still omitted from working time regulation in the Regulation 19 of the working time regulation Act. They can also be paid less than the minimum wage when their employer provides them with accommodation. Similarly, Zungu (2009) claims that in Asia, the contribution of domestic workers to the economy is never factored in the Gross National Product. This illustrates that domestic workers are undermined and less valued. This is exacerbated by the fact that they do not have specific","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114094353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}