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Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America最新文献

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Indigenous Medicine and Nation-Building 土著医学与国家建设
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0007
Edward Chauca
{"title":"Indigenous Medicine and Nation-Building","authors":"Edward Chauca","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the role of Andean culture in Peruvian physician Hermilio Valdizán’s project of creating and disseminating a national medical history in the early twentieth century. Valdizán’s interest in indigenous medicine and its healing treatments emerged as a critique of certain European intellectuals and physicians who suggested that people in the Americas were intrinsically inferior and unhealthy. Through the use of medical literature, crónicas de indias, literary fiction, newspapers, dictionaries, and pre-colonial pottery, Valdizán defended indigenous peoples’ intellectual capability, emphasizing how they categorized mental illnesses and their treatments. His ground-breaking research was the first attempt to insert traditional Andean medicine into the national history of medicine and mental health.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"28 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120822744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Between Potosí and Nuevo Potosí 在potosi和Nuevo potosi之间
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0006
H. V. Scott
{"title":"Between Potosí and Nuevo Potosí","authors":"H. V. Scott","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the ways in which knowledge of nature below ground was shaped and deployed in the everyday pursuit of mining in the Andes under colonial rule. The silver mines of Potosí were a fundamental reference point as well as a center of diffusion for understandings of subterranean nature. Nevertheless, geological knowledge also took shape at other sites. The central focus of this piece is a petition to Philip II of Spain made in 1596 by a miner who sought privileges for a newly established silver mining community in the central Andes. In examining this petition, the chapter proposes that the production of geological knowledge was localized and highly relational, shaped by the particularities of place and by competition between different mining sites. Further, the chapter demonstrates that manuscript sources, although little-studied in this context, can yield rich insights into early modern geological theories in colonial Peru.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117204274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nation as Laboratory 国家实验室
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0003
M. D. P. Blanco
{"title":"Nation as Laboratory","authors":"M. D. P. Blanco","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter offers a new reading of popular science publications from the period of the República Restaurada (1868–76) in Mexico, namely José Joaquín Arriaga’s La Ciencia Recreativa (1871–74), a set of science primers for children and articles from Santiago Sierra’s popular-science magazine, El Mundo Científico (1877–78). Situating these publications within this period of political, cultural, and social stabilization, Blanco explores the uses of popular science writing as modes for perceiving the Mexican landscape in the throes of modernization. Employing Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar’s concept of the laboratory as a space of and for inscription, Blanco argues that these Mexican science writers in effect conceived the nation’s landscape as a kind of open laboratory in which natural phenomena were continuously recorded and measured. These inscriptions, in turn, were a way of integrating the Mexican nation into the practices of global science in the late nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124340827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Natural Histories of the Anthropocene 《人类世自然史》
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0004
J. Andermann
{"title":"Natural Histories of the Anthropocene","authors":"J. Andermann","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Twentieth-century Latin American intellectuals from the provincial interior, often combining in their professional and intellectual lives different forms of expertise ranging from the humanities to medicine and the natural sciences, developed a prescient and idiosyncratic way of reflecting on the extractive frontiers advancing from the region’s political and economic centers. Taking as its sample case the essayistic writings from the 1930s of two authors from the Argentine Northwest—Bernardo Canal Feijóo and Orestes Di Lullo—this chapter argues that, in their attempt to reflect the social and cultural impact of deforestation, soil erosion and drought, these provincial intellectuals came up with a prescient and hybrid mode of writing and thinking, the urgency of which we are only beginning to understand today: a natural history of the Anthropocene. Thus, the chapter also argues for a re-appraisal of Latin American regionalism as an indispensable reference for a political ecology in our time.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122873021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Postcolonial Social Sciences of Nineteenth-Century Spanish America 19世纪西班牙美洲的后殖民社会科学
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0008
Lina del Castillo
{"title":"Postcolonial Social Sciences of Nineteenth-Century Spanish America","authors":"Lina del Castillo","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"During the first half of the nineteenth century, Spanish American intellectuals believed science could diagnose, treat, and excise an array of “colonial legacies” left in the wake of Spanish monarchical rule. Drawing on New Granada as a case in point, this chapter considers two revealing examples of how Spanish American contributions to emerging social sciences challenged prevailing European and North Atlantic ideas about race well before the late nineteenth century adoption and adaptation of eugenics. The first example emerges from an 1830s land-surveying catechism by noted New Granadan educator and publicist, Lorenzo María Lleras. The catechism sought to ensure equitable land surveys of indigenous communal land holding. The second example spotlights José María Samper’s mid-century invention of comparative political sociology. Spanish American intellectuals like Lleras and Samper ultimately believed that the deployment of sciences in society would produce a new “race” of democratic republicans.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116548172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Laboratories of Universality 普适性实验室
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0014
Carlos Fonseca Suárez
{"title":"Laboratories of Universality","authors":"Carlos Fonseca Suárez","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Carlos Fonseca Suárez read Jorge Luis Borges’s short story “El Aleph” as a reflection upon the limits of technological universalism as well as a reconfiguration of modern cosmopolitanism. Carlos Fonseca Suárez then explores the figure of José Arcadio Buendía—founder of Macondo in Cien años de soledad (1967)—who in his obsession with scientific innovation takes Borges’s exploration of technological modernity and the impasses of modern progressivism even further, proposing instead a new dialectical model of universalism. Finally, Carlos Fonseca Suárez concludes by adding a final star to this constellation by exploring how the character of Luca Belladona in Ricardo Piglia’s 2010 novel Blanco nocturno allows for a rereading of this Humboldt’s plainsman scene in the contemporary socioeconomic context, where the relation between the global and the local, center and periphery, becomes intertwined in the elusive informational networks of global capital.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130514276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Una nueva y gloriosa nación” “一个新的光荣的国家”
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0009
M. D. Asúa
{"title":"“Una nueva y gloriosa nación”","authors":"M. D. Asúa","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores connections between scientific culture and the literary corpus associated with the independence from Spain of the provinces of Río de la Plata in the second decade of the nineteenth century. It seems no coincidence that Fr. Cayetano Rodríguez, Esteban de Luca, and Vicente López y Planes—the three authors of the lyrics competing to be chosen as a national anthem—had strong scientific interests. The analysis of the rhetorical role played by the scientific imaginary in the patriotic poetry of those authors points toward a double dimension of science in this kind of discourse. As a source of intellectual authority and reasonability, it reinforced the neoclassical formats cultivated by the patriotic authors and had a stabilizing effect; but science also opened up a dimension of revolutionary dynamism, a breaking away from tradition, and toward political emancipation.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130298235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bone Tales 骨的故事
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0002
Gabriela Nouzeilles
{"title":"Bone Tales","authors":"Gabriela Nouzeilles","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on visions of Patagonia as the origin of the world in the work of the renowned Argentine scientist Florentino Ameghino (1854–1911), and particularly on his recourse to indigenous myth in the development of his (later discredited) theories of biological evolution. In the fin-de-siècle ‘bone rush’ in Patagonia, fossils became monuments of national wealth and a staging-ground for the battles of evolution between fossilized tribes. This scientific re-reading of the landscape questioned dominant narratives of prehistory, placing Patagonia not at the end of the world but at its origin. Ameghino’s fossils, often bigger and more complete than those of North America or Europe, provide the foundation for a strategic inversion of such narratives, constructing Patagonia as the site of the monumental ruins of a glorious past of biological supremacy. His theories of racial evolution were later disproved, but his work demonstrates the power of the paleontological imagination in constructing discourses on race in South America and beyond. Moreover, Ameghino’s hybrid brand of naturalism, which combines indigenous mythologies with Western knowledge, represents a fascinating example of how histories of local geographical and archaeological discourses developed at the dawn of the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127157389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inventions and Discoveries in Letters to Perón 给Perón的信中的发明和发现
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0010
Hernán Comastri
{"title":"Inventions and Discoveries in Letters to Perón","authors":"Hernán Comastri","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the dialogue initiated by the Argentine government of Juan Domingo Perón with the popular technical imagination, at a time when both state policies and a nascent mass culture sought to adapt to the novelties and scientific and technological challenges of the second postwar period. Far from offering a passive reception to developments originating in local and foreign scientific centers, members of the popular classes (workers, students, retirees, hobbyists, inventors and self-taught thinkers) developed their own projects and sought to express them through an exchange of letters with Perón. This created a file of more than five hundred letters with inventions, projects and recommendations of a scientific-technological nature, which offer the historian a privileged opportunity to analyze ways of thinking, representing and experimenting with “the scientific” that characterized a social sector that cannot be considered alien to the problems they were attempting to solve.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130423351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Doing Poetry with Science 用科学做诗
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0012
Julio Prieto
{"title":"Doing Poetry with Science","authors":"Julio Prieto","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines three models of relation between science and poetry that propose different strategies to overcome the two great divides of the modern world-system: the divide between natural and human sciences and that between Western “sciences” and non-Western knowledges and epistemologies. Focusing on the work of three Latin American poets—Severo Sarduy, Néstor Perlongher and Jorge Eduardo Eielson—and drawing on Bruno Latour’s reflection on “hybrids” (1991), the chapter analyzes three modes of “science diction”—appropriation, infiltration and mediation.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130090426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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