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Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America最新文献

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The Politics of Relativity 相对论的政治学
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0015
Brais D. Outes-León
{"title":"The Politics of Relativity","authors":"Brais D. Outes-León","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the key role played by fundamental science and, in particular, by Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity in Mariátegui’s thought. Despite his limited grasp of fundamental physics, Mariátegui was deeply interested in the change of scientific paradigm brought about by Einsteinian physics. For the Peruvian Marxist, the Theory of Relativity demonstrated the contingency of truth (scientific or otherwise) as a historically bound discursive construct devoid of any universal validity. Taking Einstein’s scientific revolution as a source of inspiration for revolutionary politics, Mariátegui reclaimed in his journalistic essays the value of scientific inquiry to the development of a revolutionary conscience. In doing so, he transforms the Theory of Relativity into a tool of ideological critique, capable of subverting the contemporary logic of coloniality and the strong links between scientific positivism and the projects of modernity designed by the Latin American ruling elites at the turn of the century.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130636459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modernismo, Spiritualism, and Science in Argentina at the Turn of the Twentieth Century 现代主义、唯心论和科学在20世纪之交的阿根廷
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0011
Soledad Quereilhac
{"title":"Modernismo, Spiritualism, and Science in Argentina at the Turn of the Twentieth Century","authors":"Soledad Quereilhac","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes the uses and appropriations of scientific discourse in Argentine magazines from the fin de siècle: a period in which literary modernism coincided with the development of spiritualisms that aspired to the status of science (or “occult sciences”) like Spiritism and Theosophy. The aim is to examine concrete examples that relativize the sharp division between science, art, and spiritualism in the culture of this period. The main sources explored are La Quincena. Revista de letras (1893–1899), Philadelphia (1898–1902), La Verdad (1905–1911), and Constancia (1890–1905). In addition, the chapter focuses on how the astonishing growth of science in Argentina, as well as the social legitimation of scientific discourses, influenced other fields, giving shape to new literary expressions, beliefs, and utopian projections that synthesized the material and the spiritual.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131536206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Science of Reading Fiction 阅读小说的科学
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-04-17 DOI: 10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0013
Joanna Page
{"title":"The Science of Reading Fiction","authors":"Joanna Page","doi":"10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401483.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the relationship between fiction and science outlined in the theories of reading developed by Jorge Volpi and Marcelo Cohen, in which cognitive philosophies and neuroscience are used to support claims of the unique role played by literature in the operations of intersubjectivity that underpin the development of human society and culture. In their narrative projects (fiction and essays), Volpi and Cohen develop theories of reading that intersect with recent advances in cognitive science and revisions to Darwin models of evolution. Reflecting on Catherine Malabou’s work on the relationship between neuroplasticity and late capitalism, this chapter also questions the extent to which these new theories of reading align themselves with, or challenge, those neoliberal ideals of flexibility and self-development are often subjected to critique in recent Latin American fiction.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115018936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to Section IV 第四部分导言
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.19
M. Blanco, J. Page
{"title":"Introduction to Section IV","authors":"M. Blanco, J. Page","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.19","url":null,"abstract":"Writing in 1990, the Cuban-born poet Rafael Catalá contrasts Latin America’s achievements in literature with its scientific underdevelopment.1 He calls on those working in the arts and humanities to rectify this imbalance, arguing that they bear responsibility of making “viable” the creation and growth of other fields of knowledge that are disadvantaged....","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123942736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Empathy, Patients’ Needs, and Therapeutic Innovation in the Medical Literature of Early Viceregal Mexico 早期墨西哥总督时期医学文献中的移情、患者需求和治疗创新
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.12
Yarí Pérez Marín
{"title":"Empathy, Patients’ Needs, and Therapeutic Innovation in the Medical Literature of Early Viceregal Mexico","authors":"Yarí Pérez Marín","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.12","url":null,"abstract":"Agustín Farfán’s Tractado breve de anothomia y chirvgia (1579) stands out as one of the most widely read medical texts of sixteenth-century colonial Mexico, printed more times than any other local source on health and the body during the period. Despite its popularity then, it has not received as much attention from scholars as projects by other medical authors of the colonial era who either wrote before Farfán did, or were better positioned in European circles, or whose work is seen as having tapped into cutting-edge scientific debates. This chapter proposes a new entry point into the Tractado, highlighting its singular connection with the readers of New Spain, and taking as a point of departure the revisions between the first and second editions: a series of context-driven changes that reveal shifting attitudes toward patients’ needs and indigenous medical knowledge.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122321671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to Section I 第一部分简介
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.2307/J.CTVZ938N9.7
M. Blanco, J. Page
{"title":"Introduction to Section I","authors":"M. Blanco, J. Page","doi":"10.2307/J.CTVZ938N9.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/J.CTVZ938N9.7","url":null,"abstract":"In one of the earlier episodes related by Charles Darwin in The Voyage of the Beagle (1839), the young Englishman describes the visit to an estate on the Rio Macaé in Brazil. It was “two and a half miles long, and the owner had forgotten how many broad.”...","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121658297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to Section II 第二部分简介
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.11
M. Blanco, J. Page
{"title":"Introduction to Section II","authors":"M. Blanco, J. Page","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.11","url":null,"abstract":"The “contact zone” of the American hemisphere, to use Mary Louise Pratt’s terminology, was both the space that witnessed the violence of colonization and also one of organic and cultural mestizaje in which European, indigenous, African, and Asian worldviews met and produced new, syncretic forms of interpreting natural phenomena, of treating bodies, and of understanding society. In his ...","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121695591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to Section V 第五部分导言
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.23
M. Blanco, J. Page
{"title":"Introduction to Section V","authors":"M. Blanco, J. Page","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.23","url":null,"abstract":"In Latin America, the construction of science as an analogue of modernity was cemented in the late nineteenth century with the appropriation of positivism by ruling liberal elites to promote their modernizing agendas. Positivism—itself a reaction against the conservative, colonial, and Catholic consensus that had previously dominated intellectual life in Latin America—provided the justification for Comtean doctrines of “order and progress” that advocated economic liberalism while shoring up social hierarchies. The belief that human society could be perfected through the application of scientific methods underpinned a series of modernizing projects around the turn of the century, particularly in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Science and modernity patently created the conditions for their mutual advancement; even the speed with which scientific theories were radiating across the globe seemed in itself to create a new vision of the interconnectedness of the modern world....","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122049290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond Empiricism 超越经验主义
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.26
M. Ezcurra
{"title":"Beyond Empiricism","authors":"M. Ezcurra","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.26","url":null,"abstract":"Argentine Rolando García was one of the earliest world-leading specialists on climate change. Forced to leave his country after the 1966 military coup, García became a nomadic thinker, living in various countries and moving from the study of the atmosphere to addressing larger questions of epistemology. In collaboration with Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget, García developed a “theory of complex systems” (TCS) to model and understand social behaviours in uncertain, nonlinear milieus. This chapter discusses García’s TCS as not just an epistemological but also an ontological turning point in the production of knowledge in Latin America. It also describes García’s role in the rise of socio-cybernetic research, an arguably post-humanist area of study and practice that effectively imagines new “modes of existence” on the basis of an ecological and non-empiricist theory of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131535459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to Section III 第三部分简介
Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America Pub Date : 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.15
M. Blanco, J. Page
{"title":"Introduction to Section III","authors":"M. Blanco, J. Page","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvz938n9.15","url":null,"abstract":"As outlined in the introduction to this volume, one of the characteristic qualities of Latin American science is its close and complex imbrication with politics in the region. Among other spaces, eighteenth-century criollo critiques of metropolitan political power in the Americas were also played out in the theater of science. This is evident, as Antonio Lafuente has demonstrated, in such examples as the botanical study carried out in Mexico between 1801 and 1804 by Mariano Mociño and Luis Montaña to test the validity of each plant’s medicinal qualities; this set of experiments became a platform on which local scientists contested the imposition of European methods and theories by the metropolis....","PeriodicalId":307914,"journal":{"name":"Geopolitics, Culture, and the Scientific Imaginary in Latin America","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123760915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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