Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications最新文献

{"title":"POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CASTLE OF THE POMERANIAN GRYFITS IN SZCZECIN","authors":"P. Zaniewski","doi":"10.23939/fortifications2023.18.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2023.18.128","url":null,"abstract":"Rebuilt in the years 1958-1980 in the Renaissance style with elements of Gothic, the Castle of the Pomeranian Dukes from the Griffin dynasty in Szczecin is located on a promontory of the high western escarpment of the Odra river valley, within the non-existent medieval perimeter walls of the city, in the area of today's Rycerska, Kuśnierska, Mściwoja and so-called Castle Route. Below the castle, there is a partly rebuilt lower town called Podzamcze. Reconstructed in Renaissance forms, the castle is one of the archaeologically and architecturally well-recognized objects of the Duchy of Gryfit. Szczecin's medieval Old Town was almost completely destroyed during American and British air raids on the Szczecin ship base in 1942. It caused the greatest destruction in the history of the Old Town and the castle located in its immediate vicinity. The degree of destruction of the Szczecin castle after the war, as well as the entire Old Town, was estimated at 85%. No elements of the interior furnishings of the castle have survived, except for individual pieces of furniture stored in the cellars. Valuable paneling and wooden furnishings were burnt down in a fire that lasted for many days after the bombing. The preserved buildings were completely unknown to Poles, not related to Polish tradition and history, so it was considered whether they should not be completely demolished, and the area cleared of rubble should be used for new buildings. This is what happened to a large part of the Old Town, where only a few buildings have survived, the technical condition of which allowed their further use. The reconstruction of the castle began in 1956 and was basically completed in 1985, taking into account new program elements, allocating the rooms of the castle, mainly for cultural purposes. In order to preserve the historic character of the building, scientific and conservation supervision over the reconstruction of the castle was carried out by art historians: Dr. Henryk Dziurla from Wrocław (until 1960) and residents of Szczecin: Dr. Zbigniew Radacki in the years 1960-1984 and Krystyna Kroman after 1984. A multi-stage renovation of the former duke's castle was started in 2005, combined with the modernization and change of the technical equipment of the rooms. The unknown stone foundations dating back to the 12th century were discovered under the main courtyard of the Pomeranian Dukes' Castle in 2012.","PeriodicalId":307059,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125604271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PROBLEM OF CASTLE RUINS CONSERVATION WITHIN THE RESTORATION ACTIVITIES FORMATION","authors":"Кalyna-Theodora Gavryliv","doi":"10.23939/fortifications2020.13.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2020.13.062","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the history of the restoration activity formation on the example of the castle ruins restoration in Ukraine and Europe during the 19th-20th centuries. Castles have been constantly transforming since their foundation. Each subsequent owner of the castle strengthened it, restored it after its destruction, made changes to the building architecture. And in the 19th century, an understanding of the value of such architectural objects was developed, and various methods for their preservation began to be proposed. Stylistic restorations are considered on the example of Trakai Island Castle (Lithuania) and Pierrefonds castle (France). Archaeological restorations aimed at conserving objects reflect the Upper Castle in Vilnius (Lithuania) and Heidelberg Castle (Germany). Scientifically based, the restoration is presented at facilities in Olesko Castle (Ukraine) and in Warsaw, Inovlodz (Poland). Woodstock Palace (England) is an example of the architectural monument destruction, and Tatar Tower of Ostroh Castle (Ukraine) is a symbol of a good future which is revealed in front of the castles in a state of long ruin. Positions on the restoration of architectural monuments have been analyzed by a number of scientists such as Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, Alois Riegl, Camillo Boito, Yan Zakhvatovich. It was the restoration of the castle ruins that sparked a discourse on how to preserve architectural monuments. After all, a castle is one of the most complex types of structures, including its structure, location, and function. Since the beginning of their founding, castles have been the subject to constant interference with their material structure, which in the 19th century became more important than their utilitarian purpose. The conservation method comes out on top, but it is often paired with fragmentary restoration. In any case, the object must function and be visited, regardless of whether it is compositionally complete or fragmentarily preserved, because the interest in it ensures its further existence.","PeriodicalId":307059,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114742716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENTRANCE GATES OF DEFENSE MONASTERIES WESTERN UKRAINE","authors":"Lesya Chen","doi":"10.23939/fortifications2021.15.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2021.15.006","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the main entrance gates of the defensive monasteries that have survived to the present day in Western Ukraine. Considered and analyzed architectural and artistic and compositional solution defensive monastery gates - structural elements important defensive zone fortified monasteries.","PeriodicalId":307059,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124524916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MILL ON THE SOUTH BUG RIVER IN THE CITY OF MEDZHYBIZH","authors":"Іnna Аkmen, Kyrylo Bozhko, T. Kutsenko, M. Rusanova","doi":"10.23939/fortifications2020.13.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2020.13.009","url":null,"abstract":"Mills located on the waterways of Ukraine still remain little-explored architectural monuments. The main waterway of Podillya is Southern Bug River, which is quite fast and overflowing. Being associated with the activities of mankind, the water mill was not only an industrial object, but also mythological and mysterious and had a distinctive architecture and bright decorated facades, which often distinguished it from other buildings in the city. The mill in Medzhibozh on the Southern Bug is the oldest building in the region. M. Hrushevsky pointed out the important fortification function of the mill during the siege of the city. F. Vovk and M. Sumtsov studied mills as an ethnographic component of people's life, and according to S. Taranushenko, mills together with bell towers and churches determined the nature of Ukrainian monumental folk architecture and were the main accents in village or city planning. Modern researches by M. Dolynska and R. Mohytych localize topography and investigate economic significance of mills. The Medzhibizh mill stands in the area of the upper Pobuzhye in the zone of flooding of the Southern Bug and Buzhok rivers in a wide swampy ravine. Iconography and cartography depicting the mill is uncommon, from the first drawing to reproduction in postcards and photographs there are about 10 fixations. The water mill in Medzhibozh, Khmelnytsky region, which is now in a terrible state, was explored in the summer of 2019 by an expedition of Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture led by PhD in architecture I.R. Akmen, T.D. Kutsenko, M.V. Rusanova. Research of the object aw well as architectural and archeological measurements are stored in the archives of the State Historical and Cultural Reserve \"Mezhibizh\". According to the existing appearance of the dilapidated mill with the remains of industrial culture, carrying out historical and architectural-archaeological research, as well as looking at the iconographic material, it was determined that from its inception to the state of the XXI century. the construction of the mill went through four stages: the period of active construction of the city by Mykola Senyavsky and the time of the Polish-Turkish wars (1540–1699); the period of activity of the Senyavsky family, who restored the castle and fortifications (1699–1727); the period of the Czartoryski economy and the transfer of Medzhibozh to a military unit of the Russian Empire (1730–1941); period of perestroika in the postwar period to the end of the XXbeginning of the XXI century.","PeriodicalId":307059,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129888235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POSSIBILITIES OF CONSTRUCTION OF EXTREMELY SMALL SINGLE-HOUSES IN THE HISTORICAL CITY ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Olha Levina, Y. Frolova","doi":"10.23939/fortifications2020.14.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2020.14.076","url":null,"abstract":"Authors of the article consider two important aspects of the organization of the urban environment. The first, the possibility of compaction of buildings by the method of small singlefamily houses construction. And the second, possibility of preserving the architectural character of historic cities, which largely suffer from poorly designed and commercially attractive buildings. Ultra-small single-family houses have a list of important qualities: they provide the minimum household needs of residents, are privately owned, can meet the author's request. Economically, the construction of such houses is also profitable, because investment is achievable for Ukrainian realities. The second aspect is building planning. The very issue of the availability of ultra-small private buildings may be of interest to the city authorities, as they may also act as investors in the planned reorganization of existing neighbourhoods. For historic small towns, the imperfection of street space reorganization and large-scale housing construction is fatal. After all, violation of the ratio of height, parcelling of neighbourhoods, the general architectural character of the building leads to the loss of the object of protection - the most important aspect of the implementation of monument protection regulations. In addition to strengthening the documentary and regulatory status, the environmental aspect is important - what exactly a person sees while being in the protected area. The restoration process in Ukraine, in particular in the town of Zhovkva, is rather slow, as state priorities are not aimed at restoring cultural heritage. However, commercial activities and construction do not stop, and the regulation of these processes is deliberately not performed. How to get out of the situation when the town for development needs to meet the needs of residents in housing so as not to violate the general nature of the historic environment? Introduce modern approaches to building compaction: modernization of existing Soviet buildings, which were built within the historic area, and construction of small private houses. Modernization of the existing two-storey Soviet building compensates with small funds the modern needs of residents in comfortable housing, along with the possibility of reorganizing the street space to a more visually attractive. And the new construction is the construction of degraded and “gray” areas of the quarter building, so as to maintain the integrity of the street front and the prospects of reviewing the historic environment. For the town of Zhovkva it is potentially important to preserve the nature and quality of the urban environment. Areas that fall within the plan of regeneration and reconstruction of the historic environment will be developed taking into account the architectural and historical requirements, and those that are tangential and related can be developed in the direction of modern small-scale construction. For the town it is important not o","PeriodicalId":307059,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125286889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHURCH-DEFENSIVE COMPLEXES 17th CENTURY IN CHERNIHIV REGION","authors":"O. Bondar","doi":"10.23939/fortifications2020.14.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2020.14.036","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers such a historical and fortification phenomenon as church defense complexes. Their existence dates back to the late MiddleAges and Early Modern Times. This type of fortified structures was spread on the territory of such modern countries as the Republic of Poland, the Czech Republic, the Republic of Belarus, and Romania. Ukraine is no exception. The question of the existence of church defense complexes or defense churches was considered by Ukrainian historiography during the 20th century exclusively on the territory of the Western Ukrainian and part of the Right Bank of Ukraine. However, the question arises whether such complexes existed on the Left Bank of Ukraine including Chernihiv region? The problem with the allocating of this type of fortifications in Chernihiv region is problematic due to the fact that they were wooden. Today there are almost no traces of them left on the earth's surface. These complexes can be studied only by a small number of written sources, as well as archaeological remains. Therefore, by the beginning of the 21st century they did not come in a view of researchers. A brief review of the above issues in this article allowed us to make some conclusions. The article gives an example of 7 complexes that could be classified as defensive. These are primarily churches in such settlements as Stolne, Loknyste, Veresoch, Kladkivka, Pechi, Olenivka and Saltykova Divytsia. In general, these were architectural ensembles consisting of a wooden fence or a stockade, the church sometimes with the bell tower. The bell tower also simultaneously served as an observation and signal point, defensive tower. Such defensive churches were not stationary fortresses. They served as temporary fortifications in case of sudden Tatar attacks. Тhe military and political situation in the Left Bank of Ukraine stabilized at the beginning of the 18th century. Due to that fact church defensive functions gradually disappear with its fortification elements.","PeriodicalId":307059,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127723530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRESERVATION AND REVALUATION OF DEFENSIVE FORTRESSES OF THE UPPER POLISH GATE IN KAMIANETS-PODILSKYI","authors":"Vasul Fentsur, Valentyn Pahor","doi":"10.23939/fortifications2022.17.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2022.17.038","url":null,"abstract":"The study reveals the historical and cultural significance, preservation and revaluation of the complex of fortifications of the Upper Polish Gate in Kamianets-Podilskyi. The history of the complex, which was formed during the XVI-XVII centuries and includes the Kushnir Tower, the Wind Gate, the Turkish Bastions, the city's defensive walls, the Lithuanian Tower. The scientific novelty is that for the first time an attempt was made to comprehensively outline the milestones in the history of the northern defensive hub of the Old Town of Kamianets-Podilskyi. The construction evolution of fortifications is traced chronologically, the history of adaptation and repair and restoration works is revealed. The main focus is on the preservation and revaluation of architectural objects as a means of increasing the historical and cultural potential and investment attractiveness of the complex. The source base of the study was a significant number of historical and topographical plans of the city, the results of field surveys, written sources, including archive materials. Ukrainian and Polish historiography are analyzed in order to comprehensively cover the task, which is to comprehensively study the history, conservation measures and prospects for the revaluation of the defensive fortifications of the Upper Polish Gate in Kamianets-Podilskyi.","PeriodicalId":307059,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129990804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE DESTRUCTION FACTORS OF THE SOUTHERN UKRAINE FORTRESSES","authors":"Y. Frolova","doi":"10.23939/fortifications2022.17.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2022.17.133","url":null,"abstract":"The article opens a series of thematic publications, which should outline the current state of preservation and destruction of historically important objects of cultural heritage - fortifications. Based on field studies of fortresses and available digital materials, the author derives a cause-and-effect algorithm for the destruction of 11 selected research objects. The description of the state of preservation includes a general description of the territory and objects of fortification, the identified losses. The article opens a cycle of thematic publications, which should outline the current state of preservation and destruction of historically important objects of cultural heritage - fortifications. On the basis of field studies of fortresses and available digital materials, the author derived a cause-and-effect algorithm for the destruction of 11 selected research objects. The description of the state of preservation includes a general description of the territory and objects of fortification, discovered losses. Annual monitoring of the state of preservation of fortifications is not a component of the reports of local and regional departments for the protection of monuments of immovable cultural heritage of Ukraine, the territory and objects of which are subordinate to the state. Brief information is found in the annual reports of archaeological expeditions, which describe the available remains of material substrates and found items of cultural layers (Collection, 1947-2022). In tourist and excursion reviews, which appear as author's articles and video tours (Butrov, 2021), we are often told which objects we can visit, brief popular information and historical figures. The authors do not deepen their publicly available reviews to the level of cause-and-effect relationships of the destruction, being guided by the general impression of visiting the sites of monuments of fortification art. Since the middle of the 20th century, interest in the fortresses of southern Ukraine (modern Odesa, Mykolaiv, and Kherson regions) has been traced in the publications of individual researchers of the Odessa Society of History and Antiquities ((Ivanyuk, 2011). Their works aim to specify, clarify historical events, deepen knowledge in fortification order the territory, introduce new historiographical sources into scientific circulation (Bertier-Delagarde, 1900) (Bertier-Delagarde, 1888) (Stamati, 1850). Only a limited number of researchers record the current state of fortresses, in particular, when creating security documentation or historical-architectural reference plans. The most relevant today are the descriptions of the terrain of the fortresses by historians and archaeologists Viktor Sapozhnikov, Andrii Krasnozhon, Iryna Stankevich (Karashevych), Oleksandr Stepanchenko, architect Viktor Vecherskyi. Currently, there are almost no detailed descriptions and studies of the material component of the architectural details of the buildings and the territory of the m","PeriodicalId":307059,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications","volume":"172 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133490185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CROSS-BORDER FORTRESSES IN PORTUGAL; INSPECTION AND DIAGNOSIS","authors":"E. Paupério, A. Arêde, Susana Moreira","doi":"10.23939/fortifications2022.17.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2022.17.009","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at promoting careful and heritage-respecting rehabilitation interventions, in line with the recommendations of ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites), the Rehabilitation Nucleus of the Construction Institute (NR-IC), integrated in the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), has participated in several conservation and requalification projects. The development and implementation of a consolidated and holistic methodology of inspection and diagnosis aims to intervene in these historic structures by respecting their authenticity and integrity. This paper focused on the NR-IC experience in the analysis, inspection, and diagnosis of structures with ancient defensive walls existing in Portugal’s border, while addressing several practical cases in different contexts and state of conservation. These structures have lost their original defense function, assuming nowadays a symbolic character of historical memory. In some cases, these structures were maintained, although in other cases they were abandoned, having reached the present time quite degraded. In this context, this paper focuses on three cases studies: the Cross-border Fortresses on the river Minho (Portugal-Spain border), the Guimarães Castle, cradle of the Portuguese nationality; and the Peniche Fortress representing maritime defensive structures. The wall’s structural system is characterized as well as the distinct inspection and diagnoses approaches recommended for each structure. Particularly, the systematization, recording, and processing of information is described and commented during the inspection phase, taking into account the large size of most of the structures involved.","PeriodicalId":307059,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134233873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KHARKIV 1930: UKRAINIAN WINNERS OF THE FORGOTTEN WORLD-LEVEL COMPETITION","authors":"S. Smolenska","doi":"10.23939/fortifications2023.18.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2023.18.084","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines a little-known event of world level that took place in Ukraine during the heyday of modernism in 1930: a competition for the design of the Sovereign Ukrainian Theatre of Mass Musical Action for Kharkiv. About 100 projects sent from abroad: from 9 European countries, as well as from the USA and Japan, were an obvious confirmation of its significance. The article proves the high professional level of the Ukrainian architectural school in 1930-1931. Its young representatives demonstrated innovative thinking, avant-garde developments in the actual field of multifunctional theatre buildings, having received one of the first prizes in the competition with masters such as Walter Gropius, Hans Pelzig and others. The names of our glorious compatriots, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of Ukrainian architecture in subsequent years, rebuilt our country in the post-war period, have been restored. The first prize was awarded to three nominees at once. It was a project called \"Machine\" by the American architect Alfred Kastner (New York); a project with the emblem \"Black sector in a red circle\" by the Croatian architect Zdenko Stryžič, who was working in Germany at the time, as well as a project called \"1931\", executed by a group of Kharkiv authors. The project of Walter Gropius, one of the founders of European modernism, called \"Mass Center\" was awarded the eighth prize. The project of another well-known German architect, Hans Pelzig, was highly praised, but not awarded (assigned to the second category). The famous German architect Otto Kotz also did not receive an award. The 1930 competition for the project of the State Ukrainian Theater of mass musical performance was a significant event in the history of world modernism. Well-known masters of the advanced modernism direction took part in the competition, but also young beginners. The competition becames a bridge to fame for many of them. They became the leading architects of the middle of the 20th century subsequently.","PeriodicalId":307059,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117024893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}