ScienceRisePub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002624
Lance Barbier, R. Tengeh
{"title":"Knowledge management (KM) as a viable solution to public service delivery challenges","authors":"Lance Barbier, R. Tengeh","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002624","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research: The study revolves around KM and service delivery. It ascertains whether KM is a plausible solution to public service delivery challenges. Although the paper is aimed at governments worldwide, it is focusing on South Africa. \u0000Investigated problem: While the public service in South Africa has been significantly transformed since apartheid's end in 1994, the government is now under enormous pressure to deliver and save the public service from further collapse. Recent years have seen an increase in service delivery demonstrations and marches. Many believe the public service delivery mechanisms introduced to circumvent public service delivery challenges have been ineffective. \u0000The main scientific results: Despite knowing what must be done, officials have trouble putting their plans, strategies, and policies into action. This is even though service delivery mechanisms were implemented to help them improve service delivery. In fact, only half of the respondents (50.7 %, n=33) were aware of service delivery mechanisms, though 95.4 % (n=62) concurred that KM is a viable solution to improve service delivery. \u0000Area of practical use of the research results: Very little research has been conducted on KM as a potential solution to South Africa's service delivery problems. As a result, this research provides new insights into improving public sector service delivery using KM. Overall, the findings will benefit KM and Public Administration practitioners.","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48502881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ScienceRisePub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002573
Y. Yildiz
{"title":"Ethics in education and the ethical dimensions of the teaching profession","authors":"Y. Yildiz","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002573","url":null,"abstract":"Ethics is a branch of philosophy that examines the principles at the basis of human behavior and discusses concepts such as good, bad, right, and wrong. Teachers need to be made aware of the ethical responsibilities that come with their jobs so that they can act with greater awareness and sensitivity in the classroom, which will improve the overall quality of their interactions with students. Teachers are able to enhance their students' learning, evaluate them in a variety of ways, and give them the opportunity to learn specific material when they organize a variety of activities in the classroom. In order to make the educational process more efficient, educators should conduct themselves with ethical awareness. As a consequence of this, members of the academic community, members of the general public, and teachers can acknowledge the significance of the ethical component of teaching. This article aims to discuss the main reasons that make the teaching profession the subject of ethics, considering the opinions compiled from the literature and increasing the sensitivity of educators on this issue. \u0000This article aims to discuss the main reasons that make the teaching profession the subject of ethics, considering the opinions compiled from the literature and increasing the sensitivity of educators on this issue. \u0000The object of research: Emphasis on ethics is a word we hear in every cornerstone of life, and it is a word that is taken together with manners and decency. Therefore, it is high time to review ethics in teaching to interested readers. The object of this study is to revise the related literature on the concept of ethics and compile significant features in one study. \u0000Problem description: Since ethics is a paramount issue in education, issues such as the ethical dimensions of teaching and what is useful in the teaching profession for teachers or candidates who think of the profession as a sacred duty, teacher-student interaction, the foundations on which educational plans are based, and the ethical aspects of teacher attitudes needs to be investigated. \u0000Suggested solution to the problem: According to the findings of the research, the ethical dimension can be influenced by a number of factors, some of which include the interactions between teachers and students, educational initiatives, the attitudes of teachers, classroom restrictions, and the majority of instructional decisions. As a result, in order to make the process of education more effective, educators should model ethical behavior in their own lives","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44112918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ScienceRisePub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002552
Shaka Yesufu
{"title":"Illicit drug trafficking: a South African report on the extent of the global trading","authors":"Shaka Yesufu","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002552","url":null,"abstract":"The objects of this research are: First, to explore some of the issues relating to drug trafficking in South Africa. Second, to highlight the devasting consequences of drug abuse on citizens, our brothers, and sisters whose lives have been destroyed and cut short. Third, to explore, government policies, police efforts, and citizens to combat the social menace of illicit drug trafficking plaguing us. \u0000The researcher investigated the following problems: drug trafficking and its impact on individuals or citizens and society, barriers faced by law enforcement to stop the illicit borderless organized crime. \u0000The main results of the research are: first, drug trafficking is a lucrative global phenomenon that is very difficult to stop over the years. Second, is the identification of varieties of drugs found in South African markets, their origins, transit, and final destinations. Third, reporting the extent of drug seizures in South Africa explains why the trade has continued unabated over the years. Fourth, highlights the need for a collective and suggestive way to consign drug trafficking to history. \u0000The area of practical use of the research is for all citizens, law enforcement officers affected by the illicit trade, communities, countries, research students, social workers, and staff members of social welfare and criminal justice departments","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49355771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ScienceRisePub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002551
V. Lysenkov, D. Demin
{"title":"Reserves of resource saving in the manufacture of brake drums of cargo vehicles","authors":"V. Lysenkov, D. Demin","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002551","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research: cast iron grade DSTU EN 1561 (EN-GJL-200), used for the manufacture of brake drums for KrAZ trucks. \u0000Investigated problem: obtaining the effect of resource saving by minimizing the consumption of alloying elements, while maintaining a given level of mechanical properties of cast iron. \u0000The main scientific results: experimental and theoretical confirmation of the possibility of reducing the content of Cr introduced into the alloy to increase its strength, as part of the Cr:Ni alloying complex, was obtained. It is shown that a decrease in the Cr content from the upper range (0.34–0.48) % to the lower one (0.21–0.33) % does not affect the ultimate strength of cast iron (σb). The obtained values of σb for both ranges are statistically equal: σb =234MPa, Sσb =16.22 MPa for the upper range of Cr content and σb=240MPa, Sσb=19.86 MPa for the lower range of Cr content, where Sσb is the standard deviation of the tensile strength value. It is established that the hardness (HB) is also unchanged: the obtained values of HB for both ranges are statistically equal: HB213, SHB=9.1 for the upper range of Cr content and HB212, SHB=12 for the lower range of Cr content, where SNB is the standard deviation of hardness. At the same time, it has been statistically proven that the Cr:Ni ratio can be shifted towards lower Cr values – from Cr:Ni=2.2:1 in the existing technology to Cr:Ni=1.76:1 in the ones proposed in this study. \u0000The area of practical use of the results of the study: the results obtained can be used in machine-building enterprises specializing in the manufacture of hull cast iron parts with a foundry cycle. The adaptation of the proposed results to the actual conditions of the foundry production of implementing organizations will be minimal if they comply with the following criteria: cast iron grade, predominant or minimum casting wall thickness, temperature regime of melting and out-of-furnace treatment, ferroalloys and modifiers used. \u0000Innovative technological product: iron smelting technology for commercial vehicle brake drum castings that reduces production costs while maintaining a given level of mechanical properties \u0000The scope of the technological innovative product: technological regimes for producing cast iron for the production of cast brake drums for trucks.","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46356776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ScienceRisePub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002533
J. Joseph
{"title":"Unequal, undiversified and underrepresented: women on the backburner in local decision making in South Africa’s local government","authors":"J. Joseph","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002533","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research: Firstly, the study highlights that women are still underrepresented in local government at the district level in leadership positions remaining on the backburner as decision makers. Secondly, the study examines the notion of patriarchy and male dominance that results in the marginalization and exclusion of women in municipal decision making. The study contributes to the current body of knowledge through identifying the challenges that prevent the equal representation of women as decision makers in local government. \u0000Investigated problem: South Africa has been consistently praised for its advcancement in drafting a progressive constitution and legislation that provides for gender equality. Despite the progressive achievements, women remain underrepresented at the municipal level, as South Africa has not attained the target of 50/50 equal representation as far as women mayors, women are more likely to be underemployed in comparison to men; women do not receive the same and/or fair remuneration in comparison to their male counterpart and women are not able to progress as fast as men in their careers once in local government structures , into leadership role that grant women equal access to become decision makers alike their male counterpart. The reasons for the low proportion of women to men in leadership is attributed to intersecting oppressions that women remain confronted with and can be seen to be connected to historical patriarchal norms and institutional values, which excludes and marginalizes women and institutional culture is stronger than the process of changing this culture. \u0000The main scientific results: The findings of the study suggest that women are lagging behind in decision making. Secondly, organizational structures that are attributed to the presence of dominant behaviours in the workplace can be seen to be linked to patriarchy and male dominance exclude and marginalize women. Thirdly, women’s representation within South Africa at the municipal ward and PR levels is on a downward spiral, when comparing the 2021 electoral results to previous electoral results in 2016. Notably, there is a lack of practicality of women's status in local government, policy enacted such as the Women Empowerment and Gender Equality Bill contains the key element that failure to comply with the Constitution justifies punitive action against the defaulting unit. This includes local councils and executive officers. Clause 11 requires 50 percent representation of women. Highlighting instances of failure to comply, with no punitive actions taken. South African women are passive recipients of male-dominated decision making in local government. \u0000The area of practical use of the research results: South African public and private sector institutions. Any persons connected to gender justice within society","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42820820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ScienceRisePub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002556
T. Kekana, M. Montle
{"title":"The use of the official indigenous languages in the south african judcial system reimagined, poignant and tacit issues explored","authors":"T. Kekana, M. Montle","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002556","url":null,"abstract":"The objects of this research are, First, to highlight the unfair language practice that is still persisting in the South African Judicial System despite the provisions contained in the democratic constitution of equitable use of all official languages. Second, to explore the variables that contribute to this appalling state of affairs where English is predominately used in the South African Judicial System. Third, to suggest possible measures that could be applied to lessen or circumvent the situation. \u0000The researcher investigated the following problem, The inadequate use of the official indigenous languages in the South African Judicial System, the reasons behind this practice and its consequences. \u0000The main results of the research are, first, English is still the predominately used language in the South African courts of law and minimal use of official indigenous languages in the judicial system is still continuing unabated. Second, language policy regarding the South African Judicial System need to be reviewed with the aim of putting emphasis on the use of official indigenous languages for various activities in the judicial system, secondly, benefits derived from adequate use of official indigenous languages in the judicial system need to be explored more so that maximal participation of people who speak these languages can be achieved. Third, the study has shown that the reason for this inadequate use of the official indigenous languages is as a result of various intertwined variables such as globalisation, economic factors, negative attitudes towards African languages and a lack of existing inclusive language policies regarding the SA judicial system. Fourth, the use English language for various purposes in the judicial system is a linguistic injustice, it portrays the South African judicial system as still not transformed but still colonised. \u0000The area of practical use of the research results are, all citizens who seek justice through South African judicial System, Law practitioners in South Africa, human rights organisations, university students and staff members of the criminal justice department. \u0000Innovative technological product, Inclusive language policy development measures \u0000Scope of the innovative technological product, The practice of multilingualism in the area of law.","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43397106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ScienceRisePub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002558
Omphile Marupi, Erasmos Charamba
{"title":"The TDS model and epistemic justice for bilingual learners","authors":"Omphile Marupi, Erasmos Charamba","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002558","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research: Contemporary research suggests the use of an instructional language different from students’ home language as a major contributing factor to academic underachievement. This has also been the case in Gwanda South, Zimbabwe, where Sesotho speaking secondary school learners are taught through English only and have been underperforming. Analysts have suggested the use of a language different from their learners’ home language as the major cause of academic underachievement. \u0000Investigated problem: This study explores how concurrent use of multiple languages can enhance learning in a bilingual community. Results from national examinations show learners from Gwanda South perform comparatively lower than most districts in the country, resulting in calls for transformative pedagogy. This mixed methods study used a descriptive survey design that opted for face-to-face interviews and questionnaires to collect data from 120 secondary school learners, 20 parents, 20 teachers, 10 head teachers and 10 Teachers-in-Charge. Convenience sampling was used to identify participants. \u0000The main scientific results: Results from the study indicate participants’ willingness for pedagogies that acknowledge multiple languages. They also indicate an enhanced academic performance among students when the TDS model is used for pedagogical purposes. As a result, the article introduces a model that is being proposed and recommended for use in bilingual settings, called The Dual System (TDS) Model. The TDS Model has a number of variables that make it operate effectively and efficiently. Its basis is two languages in an environment and community with a keen interest in the successful use of those languages in the classroom. Both teacher and learner ought to be tuned to dual language use and to accept full roles for both languages in the classroom. Translanguaging then is a key element that defines academic activities. Bilingual education where Sesotho and English are key classroom languages is recommended for Gwanda South, Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe. \u0000The area of practical use of the research results: The TDS Model has a number of variables that make it operate effectively and efficiently. Its basis is two languages in an environment and community with a keen interest in the successful use of those languages in the classroom. Both teacher and learner ought to be tuned to dual language use and to accept full roles for both languages in the classroom. Translanguaging then is a key element that defines academic activities. Bilingual education where Sesotho and English are key classroom languages is recommended for Gwanda South, Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46627805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ScienceRisePub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002534
C. Opondo, P. Aloka
{"title":"Effect of school category on adjustment of re-admitted teenage mothers in secondary schools","authors":"C. Opondo, P. Aloka","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002534","url":null,"abstract":"The object of this research: The study examined the adjustment of re-admitted teenage mothers on the bases of school categories in selected secondary schools in Kenya. \u0000Investigated problem: There are reported low levels of adjustment among readmitted teen mothers in secondary schools in Kenya as many of them perform poorly in academics. \u0000Methods: The sequential explanatory design was adopted. A modified Student Adjustment to School Questionnaire (SASQ) and interview schedule were used to collect data. \u0000The main scientific results: The findings indicated that there was a significant difference [t (164)=4.22, p<.05] established in overall adjustment of re-admitted teenage mothers between the two types of schools. \u0000The area of practical use of the research results: This is for teacher counsellors, school principals and parents. School principals should be trained on comprehensive guidance and counselling skills so that they are equipped to provide support to the re-admitted teen mothers in schools","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45748435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ScienceRisePub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002565
Nurullah Darici
{"title":"Suggestopedia: an effective way to teach and learn a foreign language","authors":"Nurullah Darici","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002565","url":null,"abstract":"The most prominent feature distinguishing humans from animals is their ability to communicate in many ways. People recognize and introduce themselves through language. The individual thinks, speaks, and writes in the language of the society in which s/he lives. When an individual enters a different community, the need to learn a foreign language arises because s/he would have to speak the language of that society to communicate. Language learners and teachers should benefit more from the suggestopedia method. This study is a review article that presents brief theoretical, qualitative information on the suggestopedia method in language learning. This method helps learners improve their feelings, distract them from language learning fears, and reduce learning barriers to getting rid of the fear of making mistakes. Learners of a foreign language will discover their learning potential and keep their information in mind for the longest time by this method. The object of research: Although there are many ways or methods of learning and teaching a foreign language, suggestopedia technique is still a popular way for teachers and learners in teaching and learning a foreign language. Therefore, it is high time to introduce suggestopedia method to the interested readers. The object of this study is to revise the related literature of Suggestopedia and compile significant features in one study. Investigated problem: Motivation is a paramount factor for any kind of activity. Learners usually get exhausted in learning a new challenging thing and they might get demotivated due to the environment they are in. One of the most effective barriers in front of learning a foreign language is not having self-esteem which decreases motivation and ends up with failure. However, some people may have the misconception that their academic skills are not sufficient to proceed. Their main problem may be solved through what this methos suggests. The main scientific results: There may be various reasons why one cannot learn a language effectively. Suggestopedia offers a solution to one dimension of the problem by highlighting important points of psychological aspect. This may help many learners to more efficiently learn a foreign language The area of practical use of the research results: The results this review extracted can be used by those who feel psychological barriers in front of learning a foreign language","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44948375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ScienceRisePub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002422
Nanda Saputra, S. Sulistyani, Endang Fatmawati, H. Herman
{"title":"Translation techniques of subtitle from english into indonesian in a movie: a case on literature","authors":"Nanda Saputra, S. Sulistyani, Endang Fatmawati, H. Herman","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002422","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research: This study is aimed to categorize the types of translation techniques and the most prevalent translation techniques used in movie subtitles, because the phenomenon that frequently occurs shows that it has a tendency to use subtitles regardless of their disadvantages, so the translator requires appropriate translation techniques in order to transfer the message clearly from the source language into the target language \u0000Investigated problem: The recent phenomenon in Indonesia shows that it has the tendency on using the subtitle regardless its drawback. As it is known, there is still the use of subtitles that are not of good quality and there is also the use of subtitles whose quality is much better based on the use appropriate translation techniques. \u0000Methodology: To answer the research question, a descriptive qualitative research strategy was utilized, as well as content analysis, which focuses on the analysis of the sorts of translation approaches proposed by Molina and Albir. The researchers used movie and documentation as the research instrument. The data source of this research was the movie script “The Spongebob Movie: Sponge on The Run” \u0000The area of practical use of the research results: As the result of this research, the researchers found 14 types of translation techniques. The most dominant of translation techniques is literal translation 67 data (33.5 %), followed by modulation 55 data (27.5 %), generalization 26 data (13 %), linguistic amplification 11 data (5.5 %), established equivalence 9 data (4.5 %), linguistic compression 8 data (4 %), transposition 7 data (3.5 %), compensation 5 data (2.5 %), calque and reduction 3 data for each other (1.5 %), borrowing and discursive creation 2 data for each other (1 %), adaptation and description 1 data for each other (0.5 %). Involving the total data are 200 data \u0000Innovative technological product: The result of this research as the reflection and references for linguists and scientist not only to the quality of machine translation such as google translate, and so on but also to the use of good translation in the subtitle in the future. \u0000Scope of the innovative technological product: The scope lies on the subtitle product produced by translator. The translator needs to know the target (audience) and the translation must meet the criteria and the target. \u0000Conclusion: It can be concluded that the translation techniques used in the translation of subtitle are literal translation and modulation. The result shows that literal translation and modulation are the main contributors on the translation techniques in order to accurately translate it","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47004209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}