ScienceRise最新文献

{"title":"The continuity of police brutality in post-apartheid South Africa","authors":"Shaka Yesufu","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002408","url":null,"abstract":"The objects of this research are: First, to highlight that police brutality is still ongoing in South Africa despite the end of the apartheid regime in South Africa in 1994. Second, to explore the concept of police brutality and its definitional related concepts like excessive force, reasonable force, lethal force, and de-escalation. Third, to explore possible avenues of rebuilding citizens’ loss of trust and confidence in the police. \u0000The researcher investigated the following problems: Police excessive use of force on citizens resulting in injuries or loss of lives, understanding of reasonable force, when can police officers make use of force, a lack of proper police accountability, and citizens’ lack of trust and confidence of the police. \u0000The main results of the research are: first, police brutality is still ongoing in South Africa due to reported incidents of brutality in some instances resulting in loss of lives at the hands of the police. Second, a conceptualization of police/citizen partnership is needed in South Africa, benefits derived from community police need to be explored more for the understanding of all stakeholders. Third, the culture of promoting violence within and outside the police service needs to be addressed. Fourth, Police brutality is an abuse of power, it portrays police officers in a bad light seen by many as oppressive apparatus of the state designed to perpetuate immediate unlawful violence against citizens. The police service has a lot to do when it comes to winning the hearts and minds of citizens. Contemporary policing must respect the rights and dignity of citizens and enforce the law without fear or favour within the laid down the constitutional mandate. \u0000The area of practical use of the research are all citizens affected by crime, police and safer communities, human rights organisations, university students and staff members of the criminal justice department","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46515924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bayesian approach to analysis of financial operational risk","authors":"L. Levenchuk","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002377","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a short overview of methods for constructing mathematical models in the form of Bayesian Networks for modeling operational risks under conditions of uncertainty. Let’s provide the sequence of actions necessary for creating a model in the form of the network, methods for computing a probabilistic output in BN, and give examples of using the tool to solve practical problems of operational financial risk estimation. The study results can be used by financial institutions as a tool for resolving specific practical issues of risk estimation. \u0000The object of research: methods for constructing Bayesian Networks for modeling operational risk in financial institutions. \u0000Investigated problem: modeling operational risk under conditions of uncertainty. \u0000The main scientific results: overview of methods for constructing Bayesian Networks for modeling operational risk under conditions of uncertainty; the methodology in the form of sequence of actions necessary for creating the model in the form of the network; methods for computing a probabilistic output in BN; examples of applying such approaches to solve practical problems of operational financial risk estimation. \u0000The area of practical use of the research results: The research results can be used in the following financial institutions: banking system, insurance and investment companies. \u0000Innovative technological product: computer based decision support system, allowing for high quality modeling and estimation of operational risks. \u0000Scope of the innovative technological product: the practice of usage the proposed models in financial organizations provides an evidence of their high efficiency in terms of formal description and estimation of operational risk","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41408643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of a pilot unit of a ground regenerator for greenhouses","authors":"I. Mukminov, N. Volgusheva, Catherina Georgiesh, I. Boshkova","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002411","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research: the process of heat exchange in a packing in the form of a dense layer of crushed stone as part of a thermal regenerator designed to utilize the low-grade heat of the air in a greenhouse. \u0000Investigated problem: increasing the efficiency of air heat accumulation in the greenhouse during the daytime by a regenerative heat exchanger with a granular packing. Conducting experimental tests of regenerator models with a packing in the form of a dense layer of granular material under natural conditions is necessary to improve the design and optimize technological parameters. \u0000The main scientific results: the analysis of temperature curves of air changes at the inlet and outlet of the regenerator installed in the mock-up greenhouse with a volume of 0.25 m3, and the packing material was carried out. During the heating period of the nozzle, the accumulated heat was Q=8•104 J, which can be used when the temperature in the greenhouse decreases. During the pause, the loss from the heat exchange channel to the environment is 48,000 J. The duration of the period was 358 min, while the average heat flux corresponded to 2.2 W. Heat losses during the pause period are significant due to its duration, however, the average heat transfer coefficient has a low value of k=2.3 W/m2K, so strengthening the insulation of the heat exchange channel is irrational. \u0000The area of practical use of the results of the study: greenhouses, allowing the possibility of installing additional heat exchange equipment. \u0000Innovative technological product: the innovativeness of the technical solution is determined by the possibility of using the heat of the air in the greenhouse and the implementation of contact heat exchange between the air flow and the packing particles. The design of the regenerator, the simplicity of its manufacture and operation, as well as the efficiency of air heat accumulation in the greenhouse during the daytime, allow to recommend it for use in greenhouse farms. \u0000The scope of the innovative technological product: regenerative heat exchangers with a dense layer of granular material for the utilization of low-grade air flows generated in food production enterprises, ventilation systems and greenhouses","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45674361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and fabrication of a double- chamber solar dryer","authors":"Olunloyo Oluwatoyin, Ibiyeye Dare, Ajiboye Opeyemi","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002321","url":null,"abstract":"Object of research: This paper discusses the design and construction of a modified, cost effective solar dryer for use by the average Nigerian farmer or agri-business entrepreneur. \u0000Investigated problem: Local farmers often have a lot of difficulties in properly drying harvested agricultural produce for storage and processing purposes, safely and efficiently due to capital constraints. There was therefore a need for an efficient, low cost solar dryer design to aid in this pursuit. \u0000Methodology: The designed dryer is a passive dryer that makes use of heat energy tapped through glass collectors placed over the drying and air inlet chambers respectively. The dryer was designed and constructed with carefully selected, inexpensive materials with dimensions of 40cm x 40cm x 60cm for the drying chamber and dimensions of 10cm x 80cm x 40cm for the heating chamber. The glass collectors (4mm thick) were inclined at an angle of incidence of 17.26°. Okra slices were used to test the performance of the dryer. \u0000Results / Area of practical use: The study yielded a low cost (€145.60) modified solar dryer capable of drying agricultural produce in a safe and clean way. During eight (8) hours of drying under a temperature range of 39 °C – 45 °C, the initial weight of the okra slices reduced from 150g to 9g, 9g, 10g and 9g on each of the four trays of the drying chamber respectively. Local farmers and agripreneurs will be encouraged to make use of this clean alternative of drying food produce without the drawbacks from regular sun drying. \u0000Conclusion: There is need for more work to be done in terms of installation of solar panels to enhance dryer performance. More work should also be carried out on tests during the dry season for increased dryer efficiency.","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49187633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of dialogical relations between speech genres in the text of a french novel","authors":"I. Lepetiuk","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002319","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research of this article is the types of dialogic connections that arise between speech genres inserted into the structure of a literary text, between genres and the text of a novel, between inserted genres and existing texts. \u0000Investigated problem: This study covers several levels. Firstly, the mechanisms of artistic communication, during which the author, with the help of the speech genres present in the text, can give the reader implicit information and activate the latter's participation in the perception of the text of the novel. Secondly, the concept of intertextual relations is expanded, in the case when we consider the inserted speech genre as an independent text. Thirdly, the studied dialogic connections can be extended to other areas of communication: advertising, political, Internet communication, etc. \u0000Main results scientific: The article is the result of the application of the theory of speech genres by M. Bakhtin to the analysis of the structure of a literary text, leading to further development of the concepts of dialogism and intertextuality. \u0000Area of practical implementation of the research results. Intertextuality is one of the main means of creating pragmatic influence in both commercial and political advertising, media and political discourse. Moreover, it can already be argued that with the advent of the latest information technologies, society is moving from intertext to hypertext, which is typical for communication in almost all areas, since they are mediated in one way or another by computer technologies. It is this fact that explains the necessity and necessity of studying the problem of dialogism and intertextuality","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43382795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sars-Cov-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant outbreak: case series presentations and response to treatment at the Islamic University in Uganda health facility","authors":"N. Rashid","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002369","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research: The study, investigated the clinical presentations of patients who tested Positive for Covid-19 (Omicron Variant), their response to treatment, and the levels of transmissibility of the infection. \u0000Investigated problem: As the globe, continent, and nation are struggling with the emergency of the new COVID-19 omicron Virant outbreak there’s not much information known about the behavior of this new threat to enable clinicians, and public health specialists, and policymakers to curb the problem. \u0000The main scientific results: The study found that headache, cough, fevers and, general body weakness was the commonest presenting complaints, 3 of the cases reported difficulties in breathing. None of the cases required admission. There was no difference in the severity of the illness and the response to treatment between the vaccinated and the non-vaccinated cases. Cases that did steaming as an adjuvant/supplementary treatment reported a shorter duration of symptomatic relief than those that did not. \u0000The area of practical use of the research results: The findings will act as a practical guide to clinicians, public health specialists, and policymakers in the management of the COVID-19 Omicron Variant. \u0000Innovative technological product: The use of steaming as an adjuvant to symptomatic relief management of respiratory tract infections. \u0000Scope of the innovative technological product: Omicron Variant produces a less severe illness than earlier variants of COVID-19. The study also reveals that vaccination alone was not effective in the prevention of contraction of the Omicron Variant and other newer variants. However, vaccination may have been advantageous in protecting the cases from progressing to severe disease. Thus, other IPCs measures must be maintained and booster doses of COVID-19 vaccinations should be encouraged. Large-scale on the effectiveness of steaming and other locally made remedies for symptomatic management of respiratory tract infections should be done.","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42636016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the high murder rate in South Africa","authors":"Shaka Yesufu","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002320","url":null,"abstract":"The objects of this research are: first, to explain some of the causes of high murder rates in South Africa. Second, to refute the labelling of South Africa as the murder capital of the world. Third, exploring some alternative ways to violence resulting in deaths. \u0000The author investigated the following problems: murder done predominately by men, the inefficiency or shortcomings of the police to investigate murder successfully and lack of reports showing a drastic reduction of murders rates, possible due to lenient sanctions given by the courts. \u0000The main results of the research are: \u0000First, South Africa has been incorrectly referred to as the murder capital of the world. A label that scares would be visitors away from the country. This misleading labelling turned out to be factually incorrect according to several reports. Second, there are myriads of reasons why the death rates are very high in South Africa namely: varieties and normalization of violence; socio-economic inequalities; high youth unemployment rates; alcohol and drugs; culture of violence; easy access to firearms; lenient prison sentence; membership of gangsters; ineffective police investigation units; Mental illnesses or psychotic disorders and satanic beliefs. \u0000The area of practical use of the research: is for all citizens, directly or indirectly affected by police and safer communities. Criminal justice students in higher institutions and criminal justice practitioners, government officials, and policymakers.","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45862086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the alternative solutions and strategies of toledo city government for the damaging impact of single-use plastic bag in the environment","authors":"Jamaica Genon, Jessa Mabunay, James Opsima, Rochelle Zamora, Jay Repaso, John Michael Villagorda Sasan","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002148","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research: The aim of this research is to gain a better understanding of residents' personal concerns about improper plastic disposal and to give voice to their thoughts about the Toledo City Government's prospective ideas and approaches for minimizing the city's plastic pollution. \u0000Investigated problem: Residents of Magdugo, Toledo City have been subjected to increasing levels of plastic pollution. The vast number of discarded plastic items that eventually end up in canals, drainage systems, and city streets, generating flooding that poses a severe challenge in agriculture, health, and sanitation. \u0000The main scientific results: According to the findings, the city's inefficient waste management system has resulted in a massive accumulation of durable plastics. Toledo City, on the other hand, has improved waste management, restored cleanliness, and minimized the environmental effect of plastics through regulatory initiatives. \u0000The area of practical use of the research results: The majority of citizens in Toledo City have enthusiastically embraced the city's ordinance prohibiting the use of plastic bags. Plastic bag littering has been shown to decrease throughout the city, resulting in a cleaner and healthier environment. The city's achievement might serve as a model for other places that have yet to abolish plastic bags. \u0000Innovative technological product: As a result of a cleaner and healthier environment, people have become more productive, and tourists have returned to the city, contributing to the city's economic growth. \u0000Scope of the innovative technological product: Policy management in the reduction of plastic pollution","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43988537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a recipe for a multicomponent mixture \"Solodok +\" to improve the consumer properties of bakery products","authors":"O. Bilyk, Yu. Bondarenko, O. Kochubei-Lytvynenko, L. Burchenko","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002235","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is the technology of bakery products enriched with a mixture of germinated grains of wheat, corn, barley and oats. \u0000Investigated problem: The problem of using a mixture of germinated grains is the formation of a closure sticky crumb in baked goods with a mixture. The reason for this is the high activity in the mixture of amylolytic and proteolytic enzymes. \u0000The solution to the problem consists in the developed multicomponent mixture (MM) to improve the consumer properties of bakery products, the formulation of which includes 15 % of the flour mass of the germinated grain mixture. \u0000Main scientific results: On the basis of experimental studies, the formulation of the \"Solodok+\" multicomponent mixture has been developed. The mixture contains: chicory inulin, dry milk whey enriched with Mg and Mn, apple pectin, phosphatide concentrate, enzyme preparation Deltamalt FN-A 50 and ascorbic acid. The optimal dose of the \"Solodok+\" MM for bakery products is 2.5 % by weight of flour. \u0000The area of practical use of the research results: \"Solodok+\" MM is recommended to be used in the production of bakery products enriched with sprouted grains at enterprises of the bakery industry of various capacities. \u0000An innovative technological product: \"Solodok+\" MM helps not only to reduce the stickiness of the crumb, improve its porosity, increase the volume of products, but also lengthen the freshness of unpackaged products. \u0000Scope of application of the innovative technological product: Bakery products with a mixture of sprouted grains and \"Solodok+\" MM have increased nutritional value, high consumer properties and are intended for a wide range of consumers.","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44904864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The \"competence\" concept in the educational system of European countries within a competence-oriented approach","authors":"Y. Spyrydonova","doi":"10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002238","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is the concept of \"competence\" in the educational system of different countries. \u0000Investigated problem. Theoretical generalization of the concept of \"competence\" and the peculiarities of its formation in the process of professional training of applicants for higher education in European countries. Creation of a model of professional training for applicants for education of the first (bachelor's) level. \u0000Main scientific results. The definition of the concepts \"competence\" and \"legal competence\", which are most often used in pedagogical research, has been analyzed. The definition of \"competence\" within the competence-oriented approach is given. The competence-based approach in education is understood as training not just a specialist with a system of knowledge, but a high-level professional and a comprehensively developed personality. A model for the formation of legal competence of applicants for higher education has been created. Through the introduction of innovative methods into educational processes, the legal thinking of bachelors is developing. Legal competence presupposes a set of knowledge, skills, characteristics acquired by students in the learning process, necessary to perform certain actions in order to solve problems, tasks, situations in accordance with the prescriptions of the rule of law. The formation of a system of knowledge, abilities, skills, methods of activity in students in the learning process are significant. This requires both their psychological \"restructuring\" and the improvement of curricula and educational technologies. The traditional teaching of lectures and the conduct of seminars should be complemented by elective courses and special courses. \u0000The area of practical implementation of the research results. Formation of competencies in the process of professional training of applicants for higher education of the first (bachelor's) level in order to achieve programmatic learning outcomes, apply the acquired knowledge in future professional activities and everyday life. \u0000Innovative technological product. Creation of a training model for applicants for higher education based on a competence-oriented approach. \u0000Application area of an innovative technological product. Introduction of the educational model into the process of professional training of applicants for higher education of the first (bachelor's) level in order to promote the creation and strengthening of legal culture and creativity of students.","PeriodicalId":30651,"journal":{"name":"ScienceRise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47409613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}