Electrochimica Acta最新文献

{"title":"Corrosion resistance of Ti-1Al-8V-5Fe fabricated via laser powder bed fusion: Effect of post-heat treatment","authors":"Xue Dang ,&nbsp;Huaixi Chen ,&nbsp;Weiying Huang ,&nbsp;Chun Yu ,&nbsp;Yanli Huang ,&nbsp;Qingmao Kong ,&nbsp;Chenlong Chen ,&nbsp;Xianzeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujing Liu ,&nbsp;Yanjin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This first study investigates how heat treatment affects the corrosion resistance of medical Ti-1Al-8V-5Fe (Ti-185) alloy in 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution, with emphasis on microstructural changes and passive film semiconductor properties. The as-fabricated alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) exhibits a single β-phase equiaxed grain structure. Heat treatment triggers α-phase precipitation, resulting in an α+β dual-phase structure. As annealing temperature increases, α-phase content rises progressively, while grain size and residual stress show an initial decrease followed by an increase. Corrosion testing reveals that at lower annealing temperature (480 °C), isolated α-phase islands within the β-matrix dissolve readily, accelerating corrosion. At higher temperature (730 °C), α-phase forms continuous bands that isolate β-phase, establishing microgalvanic cells where the anodic dissolution rate of α-phase surpasses the cathodic reduction rate of β-phase, thus enhancing overall corrosion. The sample annealed at 690 °C demonstrates superior corrosion resistance, showing the highest open-circuit potential, lowest corrosion current density, and maximum polarization resistance. Its passive film exhibits n-type semiconductor behavior with minimal donor concentration and maximum thickness, effectively blocking chloride ion penetration. This research establishes a viable post-heat treatment approach to improve Ti-185 alloy performance, advancing its application as a high-performance dental implant material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 148337"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, magnetic and corrosion properties of Cr-Ni-Fe coatings electrodeposited by binary potential loop","authors":"Esra Kus,&nbsp;Murside Haciismailoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cr-Ni-Fe coatings were electrodeposited from an aqueous electrolyte consisting of chloride salts of each metal and boric acid. The boric acid effect was investigated. A binary potential loop of -0.7 V and -1.8 V was applied in sequence during the specified time interval and charge amount, respectively. Before electrodeposition, the solutions were optically and electrochemically analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The complexes of [Cr(H₂O)₆]³⁺, [Cr(H₂O)₅Cl]²⁺ and [Cr(H₂O)₄Cl₂]⁺ formed natively in solution. Also, the crystal field, Racah and ligand field parameters were calculated for the solutions without and with boric acid. The boric acid makes the bonds less covalent in character. According to the CV curves, the current becomes smooth with the boric acid content due to the buffering effect. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the coatings were crystallized in cubic δ-phase as a result of the dominance of Cr content. The reason for the cracks on the surface was studied by the Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The magnetic properties were searched by vibrating sample magnetometry, which proved the magnetic content (Ni and Fe) of the coating, consistent with the EDX results. The corrosion behavior was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel plots. The highest corrosion resistance was found for the coatings deposited from a solution having 0.12 M boric acid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 148479"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges to local potential measurement for chemical mapping with scanning microelectrochemical techniques due to the occurrence of galvanic coupling processes on magnesium alloys","authors":"Ricardo M. Souto ,&nbsp;Hugh S. Isaacs ,&nbsp;Javier Izquierdo","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction between concentrations and potentials was modeled and quantified in relation to local potential measurements during corrosion processes. This modeling aimed to study the uncertainty generated by the description of potential distributions in the vicinity of active corrosion sites, assuming hemispherical symmetry of the currents and the transport of metal ions radiating from a point electrode. This work demonstrates the coupling of electrical and concentration gradients around anodic and cathodic sites in galvanic corrosion processes, a coupling that, in practice, will limit the interpretation of local electrochemical data and the quantification of corrosion mechanisms if it is not taken into account. A critical distance is defined beyond which the signal measured by a probe deviates from the linear dependence with a slope of −1, generally accepted to describe the variation of the probe signal with the tip-sample distance during scanning microelectrochemical measurements using passive microelectrodes as probes. Furthermore, the value of this critical distance depends strongly on the conductivity of the electrolytic test solution, being larger for more dilute solutions. In addition, the implications for estimating local corrosion currents using a noble metal, such as a platinum wire as a model current source for calibrating the potential signal in a validation cell, are also presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 148492"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"If it fits, it sits: Geometric ordering of cations at electrochemical interfaces","authors":"J.H. Moss,&nbsp;K. Doblhoff-Dier","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The atomic-scale structure of solid–liquid interfaces is a cornerstone of many scientific fields, including electrochemistry, environmental science, and biology. Despite its importance, current models often struggle to accurately describe how ions and solvent molecules arrange near charged surfaces. Using 1M alkali chloride solutions at charged Pt(111) interfaces as model system, we investigate the behavior of cations at the surface. Since alkali cations can critically influence electrochemical reactions, understanding their arrangement at the Pt interface, including their arrangement relative to the water and their crowding behavior, is thus essential. Using classical molecular dynamics simulations, we examine the spatial distribution, solvation structure, and the phenomena governing interfacial ordering for lithium, sodium, and cesium ions near the electrode. To account for electrode charges, we use a polarizable electrode model featuring fluctuating atomic charges and fixed total surface charge. Our results reveal that even without any applied surface charge, ions preferentially occupy specific positions. These positions are defined by the geometric compatibility between the ions’ hydration shells and the layered water structure at the Pt(111) interface. The layered water essentially functions as a structural template for ions, leading to interfacial ion layering and ordering. Applied charge strengthens this ordering, promoting the formation of cation–cation pairs and cation clusters in which cations share their solvation shell. Our results shed more light on the crowding of ions at the interface and furthermore suggest a geometric “fit” mechanism governing ion layering that expands beyond purely electrostatic explanations, while, at the same time, providing an intuitive explanation of the cation’s behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 148462"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial electrosynthesis for CO2 conversion: Process limiting steps investigated by micro-scale modeling","authors":"V. Murugesan,&nbsp;Remco Hartkamp,&nbsp;Johan T. Padding","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of microbial electrosynthesis systems (MES) towards industrialization is currently hindered by a limited understanding of the fundamental constraints affecting selective production of high-value chemicals. To address this challenge, we develop a comprehensive computational model that integrates microbial, electrochemical, and acid–base reactions with pore-scale transport processes within a three-dimensionally resolved biofilm. This study investigates the H₂-mediated CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> fixation pathway to acetate, butyrate, and caproate. The effect of applied cathode potential and biofilm thickness on macroscopic parameters, such as efficiency and selectivity, is analyzed based on local concentrations and electrochemical and biochemical fluxes. Among the limiting factors, the availability of CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emerges as the main limitation for biochemical reactions due to its low solubility and high half-saturation constant. Additionally, hydrogen – serving as the electron mediator – limits the reaction rate at low current densities and reduces electron transfer efficiency at higher current densities. A key insight from our study is the identification of an optimal electrode potential for each biofilm thickness, balancing both H₂ transfer and CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> consumption efficiencies. Furthermore, carbon selectivity shifts with increasing biofilm thickness: net acetate production declines while caproate production increases. This trend is attributed to the prolonged residence time of metabolic intermediates within thicker biofilms, promoting chain elongation pathways. Thus, our work takes an important step towards a fundamental understanding of caproate selectivity across different biofilms, which can be used to optimize the electrode structure and operating conditions to control the local biofilm thickness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 148494"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146223361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of electrolyte mixing method on aluminum anodization","authors":"Dean Yost,&nbsp;Gary M. Koenig Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum anodization is a widespread industrial process used in a variety of applications including energy storage devices, microstructure templating, and corrosion inhibition. Prior work has extensively investigated electrochemical process parameters that influence oxide growth and structure. On an industrial scale, anodization is performed using both batch and continuous processes. For batch anodization, direct scale-up from laboratory benchtop experiments to large scale manufacturing is more straightforward. However, a translating electrode-electrolyte interface relevant to continuous processing is less explored at laboratory scale or reported in the literature. In this work, the influence of modifying mixing conditions to include rotating the anodization sample itself was investigated and compared to more conventional processing with external agitation or lack of initiating mixing. For conditions where the mixing power was matched, active agitation using the aluminum coupon provided faster and more homogeneous growth of the oxide layer, resulting in improved current utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 148477"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146231323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ni-La Micro-alloying on Sn-Ag-Cu solders: Microstructure, dynamic mechanical properties and corrosion behavior","authors":"Wenjing Chen ,&nbsp;Rugao Huang ,&nbsp;Sifan Tan ,&nbsp;Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaowu Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a vitamin for industry, the rare earth element La plays a key role in enhancing alloy performance. This study prepared SAC0307-0.5Ni-xLa (x=0.1, 0.2 wt.%) composite lead-free solder alloys and investigated the effects of Ni and La on the microstructure and properties. Microscopic characterization indicated that the introduction of Ni promotes the refinement of the Cu6Sn5 phase and the formation of (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 ternary compounds. Meanwhile, the addition of La led to the formation of dispersed LaSn3 phases and suppressed the coarsening of Ag3Sn phases. Notably, Composite microalloying of Ni and La reduced the average grain size of the alloy from 10.83 μm to 8.01 μm while simultaneously decreasing the proportion of large-angle grain boundaries. Besides, the dynamic compression test revealed that the combination of Ni-La notably enhanced the impact resistance of SAC0307 solder. Furthermore, the composite microalloying significantly improved the resistance to intergranular corrosion propagation. The electrochemical measurements showed that the corrosion current density (Icorr) of the Ni-La2 alloy was as low as 0.024 μA·cm-2, which is 97% lower than that of the SAC0307 alloy. Meanwhile, its passivation current density (Ip) was 0.00198 A·cm-2, representing a 32.4% reduction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicated that the Ni-La composite microalloying increased the SnO2 content in the passivation film, enhanced its stability, and significantly inhibit the penetration of Cl-. The 3D morphological characterization further revealed that, compared with base alloy, the Ni-La2 alloy exhibited a 52.5% reduction in surface roughness (Sa = 13.47 nm) and a 67.7% reduction in maximum corrosion pit depth (5.02 μm). These results demonstrate the excellent corrosion resistance of Ni-La microalloyed alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 148507"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146778153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FeS/Co3S4/Mo2S3 ternary heterojunction nanoflowers regulated by interfacial electronic rearrangement as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting","authors":"Yuying Yang,&nbsp;Qiannan Sun,&nbsp;Daying Xu,&nbsp;Min Zhou,&nbsp;Wenhui Zhang,&nbsp;Yihan Li,&nbsp;Zhongai Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a FeS/Co₃S₄/Mo₂S₃ ternary heterojunction catalyst featuring a three-dimensional hierarchical nanoflower structure self-assembled from porous nanorods was successfully constructed on nickel foam (NF) by a stepwise hydrothermal synthesis strategy. At the heterointerface, part of the electrons from Co and Mo are transferred to the S atoms, resulting in a decrease in the electron density of the Co and Mo orbitals. Correspondingly, the S atoms that receive electrons from Co/Mo exhibit an increased electron density and further transfer electrons to Fe atoms through Fe‑S bonds (S‑bridges), thereby enhancing the electron density of Fe. This electron rearrangement process, induced by interfacial electronic interactions, optimizes the electronic structure of the electrocatalyst, which significantly enhances charge-transfer efficiency and accelerates the kinetic steps of the electrocatalytic reaction. Ultimately, this leads to a significant enhancement the bifunctional catalytic performance of the catalyst. The optimized catalyst exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution (10 mA cm^-2@31 mV) and oxygen evolution activity (10 mA cm^-2@222 mV) in alkaline medium. When assembled into a symmetrical total water splitting electrolytic cell, it only needs a low voltage of 1.54 V to drive a current density of 10 mA cm^-2, and can maintain excellent stability in a constant current test for up to 200 h. This study not only confirms the great potential of multi-sulfide heterojunctions in electrolyzed water catalysis, but also opens up a multi-dimensional regulation path for the development of a new generation of non-noble metal bifunctional catalysts through the precise linkage design of ''structure-interface-performance''.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 148505"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146777970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and optimization of a biochar-based/Ni-Mo catalyst as efficient cathode electrode to produce hydrogen by alkaline electrolysis","authors":"Hillary Henao-Toro ,&nbsp;Santiago Cartagena ,&nbsp;Jorge A. Calderón ,&nbsp;Edwin Chica ,&nbsp;Ainhoa Rubio-Clemente","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development and optimization of a catalytic ink using biochar (BC) as a cathodic electrode material for green hydrogen production through the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). BC, derived from biomass conversion residues, was utilized as a porous support for transition metal catalysts, specifically nickel and molybdenum. The resulting Ni-BCNiMo composite demonstrated enhancement of the electrocatalytic performance for HER, achieving an overpotential of -95 mV at a current density of −10 mA cm⁻² and a Tafel slope of −125 mV dec⁻¹. The chronopotentiometry confirms stability over a period of 24 h at a current density of −400 mA cm⁻², which indicates efficient HER kinetics. A central composite design was applied to optimize the ink formulation and the experimental conditions, yielding a high correlation with experimental data (adjusted R² = 89 %). These findings suggest that BC, when properly engineered, can serve as a cost-effective, high-performance alternative to conventional carbon materials, supporting the development of scalable, and sustainable technologies for green hydrogen generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 148401"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controllable synthesis of grape-shaped manganese tetroxide and its sensitive detection of nitrite in food and water analyses","authors":"Zhenyu Cheng,&nbsp;Youfei Sun,&nbsp;Yajie Liu,&nbsp;Xinyi Huang,&nbsp;Rongze Zhou,&nbsp;Zhijun Li,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Wei,&nbsp;Haiyan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A unique three-dimensional grape-shaped manganese tetroxide (gs-Mn₃O₄) nanomaterial was synthesized using a simple one-pot hydrothermal method. The microstructure and physicochemical properties of Mn₃O₄ varied depending on the solvent type, synthesis temperature, and reaction time. Results indicated that the resulting gs-Mn₃O₄ exhibited excellent catalytic activity toward nitrite ions (NO₂⁻) when the volume ratio of ethylene glycol to purified water was 1:7, the reaction duration was 6 h and the reaction temperature was 120 °C. The electrochemical sensor fabricated with such material demonstrated a wide linear detection range of 0.2 - 1.18 × 10³ μmol·L^-1 for NO₂⁻, with a corresponding detection limit of 0.067 μmol·L^-1 and a sensitivity of 0.33 µA·(μmol·L^-1)^-1·cm^-2. Moreover, the sensor is capable of effectively identifying trace levels of NO₂⁻ in tap water, pickled vegetables, and ham sausage, offering both a perspective and an approach toward developing more sensitive electrochemical sensors for nitrite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"557 ","pages":"Article 148430"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}