{"title":"On the Co-Design of Quantum Software and Hardware","authors":"Gushu Li, Anbang Wu, Yunong Shi, Ali Javadi-Abhari, Yufei Ding, Yuan Xie","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477464","url":null,"abstract":"A quantum computing system naturally consists of two components, the software system and the hardware system. Quantum applications are programmed using the quantum software and then executed on the quantum hardware. However, the performance of existing quantum computing system is still limited. Solving a practical problem that is beyond the capability of classical computers on a quantum computer has not yet been demonstrated. In this review, we point out that the quantum software and hardware systems should be designed collaboratively to fully exploit the potential of quantum computing. We first review three related works, including one hardware-aware quantum compiler optimization, one application-aware quantum hardware architecture design flow, and one co-design approach for the emerging quantum computational chemistry. Then we discuss some potential future directions following the co-design principle.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132650606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Damrath, Sunasheer Bhattacharjee, P. Hoeher
{"title":"Application of MIMO Techniques in Macroscopic Air-based Molecular Communication","authors":"Martin Damrath, Sunasheer Bhattacharjee, P. Hoeher","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477465","url":null,"abstract":"In this contribution, an air-based macroscopic 2 x 2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) molecular communication testbed using fluorescent dyes is presented and the application of MIMO techniques is investigated. It is demonstrated that the data rate can be doubled using spatial multiplexing. Using repetition MIMO coding and Alamouti-type coding, a spatial diversity/array gain can be achieved, resulting in error-free transmission over the entire transmission distance of the testbed.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126343260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamid Khoshfekr Rudsari, M. Veletić, J. Bergsland, I. Balasingham
{"title":"Cardiac Bio-Nanonetwork: Extracellular Vesicles Release Modeling for Engineered Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte","authors":"Hamid Khoshfekr Rudsari, M. Veletić, J. Bergsland, I. Balasingham","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477479","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular communication (MC) is an interdisciplinary research area with vast potential in biomedical applications, including delivery of drugs or other therapeutic molecules in cardiovascular and other pathological conditions. The bio-molecules release modeling in MC systems is an open problem in designing the physical and chemical signal interaction level in the MC hierarchy. This also includes the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are shed by all cell types and serve as nano-vehicles carrying various molecular cargo. In this paper, we propose to use engineered human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into atrial cardiomyocytes (ACMs) in a cardiac bio-nanonetwork and mathematically model the release of therapeutic EVs under voltage clamp. We study the stochastic nature of the proposed targeted drug delivery system by modeling the release process from engineered ACMs as a Poisson process. We model the engineered ACMs as an EV emission model, where the input signal is the voltage clamp to modulate the EV release, and the output signal is the rate of released EVs. We also study the non-linearity of the proposed EV emission system by a non-linear autoregressive exogenous model. Future drug delivery applications for cardiovascular diseases can utilize the proposed EV release modeling for engineered ACMs.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122435781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stochastic Spatially-Extended Simulations Predict the Effect of ER Distribution on Astrocytic Microdomain Ca2+ Activity","authors":"Audrey Denizot, C. Calì, H. Berry, E. Schutter","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477456","url":null,"abstract":"Astrocytes are cells of the central nervous system that can regulate neuronal activity. Most astrocyte-neuron communication occurs at so-called tripartite synapses, where calcium signals are triggered in astrocytes by neuronal activity, resulting in the release of neuroactive molecules by the astrocyte. Most astrocytic Ca2+ signals occur in very thin astrocytic branchlets, containing low copy number of molecules, so that reactions are highly stochastic. As those sub-cellular compartments cannot be resolved by diffraction-limited microscopy techniques, stochastic reaction-diffusion computational approaches can give crucial insights on astrocyte activity. Here, we use our stochastic voxel-based model of IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signals to investigate the effect of the distance between the synapse and the closest astrocytic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) on neuronal activity-induced Ca2+ signals. Simulations are performed in three dimensional meshes characterized by various ER-synapse distances. Our results suggest that Ca2+ peak amplitude, duration and frequency decrease rapidly as ER-synapse distance increases. We propose that this effect mostly results from the increased cytosolic volume of branchlets that are characterized by larger ER-synapse distances. In particular, varying ER-synapse distance with constant cytosolic volume does not affect local Ca2+ activity. This study illustrates the insights that can be provided by three-dimensional stochastic reaction-diffusion simulations on the biophysical constraints that shape the spatio-temporal characteristics of astrocyte activity at the nanoscale.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117171472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Pappalardo, N. Iraci, L. Leggio, A. Lombardo, G. Morabito
{"title":"How molecular packets improve cell-to-cell communication","authors":"F. Pappalardo, N. Iraci, L. Leggio, A. Lombardo, G. Morabito","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477469","url":null,"abstract":"Cells can communicate in multiple ways. Alongside the classic pathways of cellular communication, Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), can carry macromolecules of different nature (DNA, RNA, proteins, etc.) and thus they can be compared to packets carrying information that concur to stimulate different molecular pathways within the target cell. In this paper a model is proposed that evaluates the higher efficiency of cell-to-cell communication via EVs with respect to the classical ligand-receptor pathway.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114922589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meisam Abdollahi, M. Baharloo, Fateme Shokouhinia, M. Ebrahimi
{"title":"RAP-NoC: Reliability Assessment of Photonic Network-on-Chips, A simulator","authors":"Meisam Abdollahi, M. Baharloo, Fateme Shokouhinia, M. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477455","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, optical network-on-chip is accepted as a promising alternative solution for traditional electrical interconnects due to lower transmission delay and power consumption as well as considerable high data bandwidth. However, silicon photonics struggles with some particular challenges that threaten the reliability of the data transmission process. The most important challenges can be considered as temperature fluctuation, process variation, aging, crosstalk noise, and insertion loss. Although several attempts have been made to investigate the effect of these issues on the reliability of optical network-on-chip, none of them modeled the reliability of photonic network-on-chip in a system-level approach based on basic element failure rate. In this paper, an analytical model-based simulator, called Reliability Assessment of Photonic Network-on-Chips (RAP-NoC), is proposed to evaluate the reliability of different 2D optical network-on-chip architectures and data traffic. The experimental results show that, in general, Mesh topology is more reliable than Torus considering the same size. Increasing the reliability of Microring Resonator (MR) has a more significant impact on the reliability of an optical router rather than a network.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115034832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DNA-Based Molecular Communication as a Paradigm for Multi-Parameter Detection of Diseases","authors":"F. Lau, R. Wendt, Stefan Fischer","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477480","url":null,"abstract":"DNA-based molecular communication is a novel paradigm for nanoscale computation and communication that uses self-assembling DNA message molecules. Due to their design, these message molecules can compute mathematical operations while self-assembling. They can be used in DNA-based nanonetworks to detect DNA sequences and compute information for releasing either medication or other molecules. This paradigm avoids many limitations that electromagnetic nanonetworks currently face. This paper presents a variety of novel advantages and use cases for DNA-based molecular communication. For many of those, no feasible solution exists today. DNA-based molecular communication can even detect and consider multiple different DNA sequences for decision-making. Furthermore, it allows for adjustable error correction, immediate treatments, bio-compatibility, and the use of already available materials.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123601420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Karagounis, C. Liaskos, A. Tsioliaridou, S. Ioannidis
{"title":"A Hardware Implementation of BitSurfing for Communication without Packet Creation","authors":"D. Karagounis, C. Liaskos, A. Tsioliaridou, S. Ioannidis","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477466","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the BitSurfing communication paradigm was proposed, which can simplify significantly the IoT transceiver hardware, with potential for battery-less operation. BitSurfing nodes take advantage of packets broadcasted in their network and utilize them to enable intra-network communications. Every node maintains a buffer, in which it stores broadcasted packets. If a node wants to send a message, it waits until the message appears in the buffer and then it sends a low energy 1-bit pulse to inform neighbor nodes. A proof-of-concept deployment on real hardware is presented and the results of BitSurfing evaluation suggests that the proposed logic can be feasibly used for data transfer among network nodes. The study shows that BitSurfing is implementable even with very common hardware and defines an empirical model for its operation.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128978979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research Challenges in Implementation of Edge Interfaces for the Internet of Bio-Nano Things","authors":"Yutaka Okaie","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477476","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of the Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) has emerged with the advancement of molecular and computer communication technologies. This paper discusses research challenges toward realizing IoBNT specifically focusing on the interfaces between the two communication networks.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116012094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hyttinen, B. Genocchi, A. Ahtiainen, J. Tanskanen, K. Lenk, Michael Taynnan Barros
{"title":"Astrocytes in modulating subcellular, cellular and intercellular molecular neuronal communication","authors":"J. Hyttinen, B. Genocchi, A. Ahtiainen, J. Tanskanen, K. Lenk, Michael Taynnan Barros","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477460","url":null,"abstract":"Astrocytes are one of the most abundant cell types in our brain. They modulate the brain homeostasis and play a role in the synaptic signalling and thus the molecular propagation inside the brain. Moreover, they form communication networks that co-localise with the neuronal networks with comparable topological complexity. There is an increasing piece of evidence that astrocytes are important in plasticity and learning from the level of the single synapse to the entire network. Moreover, several diseases are molecular communications on different scales from the synaptic to network level.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130464041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}