J. T. Gómez, R. Wendt, Anke Kuestner, Ketki Pitke, Lukas Stratmann, F. Dressler
{"title":"Markov Model for the Flow of Nanobots in the Human Circulatory System","authors":"J. T. Gómez, R. Wendt, Anke Kuestner, Ketki Pitke, Lukas Stratmann, F. Dressler","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477477","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in nanotechnology show possible applications of nano-devices within the human body. For example, technical solutions are under development to make use of nanobots to carry and release drugs via the circulatory system. In this scenario, it is important to study the location and the location distribution of nanobots in the human circulatory system (HCS). However, due to bifurcations and the variety of structures in the human vessels, this problem is rather challenging. In this paper, we address a new methodology based on a Markov chain model to study the distribution of nanobots in the HCS. The transition probabilities are assessed through analogies of their representation with an electric circuit representation of the HCS. Additionally, we conducted simulations in the simulation framework BloodVoyagerS to compare results with the provided Markov model. Our evaluation shows that the new model accounts well for the location of the nano-devices as well as their trajectories.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123937067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Crabb, Xavier Cantos-Roman, G. Aizin, J. Jornet
{"title":"An On-Chip Amplitude and Frequency Modulating Graphene-based Plasmonic Terahertz Signal Nano-Generator","authors":"J. Crabb, Xavier Cantos-Roman, G. Aizin, J. Jornet","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477446","url":null,"abstract":"An on-chip modulator-integrated graphene-based plasmonic nanogenerator that operates in the terahertz band is presented. The device is based on a gated High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT). The use of graphene as the 2-Dimensional Electron Gas (2DEG) channel allows room temperature operation of large plasmonic oscillations which are highly tunable over a broad frequency range (1 to 2 THz). By implementing asymmetric boundary conditions at the source and drain, known as the Dyakonov-Shur (DS) instability, accelerated electrons excite plasmonic waves which reflect at the drain side of the channel. This induces Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) waves on the gate, which results in electromagnetic radiation in the THz region. By dynamically tuning these boundary conditions, the device operates with an integrated modulator. The device is numerically modeled and analyzed using an in-house developed multi-physics finite-difference platform based on the Hydrodynamic Model (HDM) for ballistic transport and Maxwell's equations for calculating the electromagnetic fields. After steady state is reached, the numerical analysis shows a clean waveform is possible with amplitude and frequency modulation capabilities. This device offers for the first time and in a compact form factor integrated generation, modulation and radiation functionalities.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122858549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukas Stratmann, J. T. Gómez, Sunasheer Bhattacharjee, Martin Damrath, P. Hoeher, F. Dressler
{"title":"Impact of Mobility on Air-Based Macroscopic Molecular Communication: A Simulation Study","authors":"Lukas Stratmann, J. T. Gómez, Sunasheer Bhattacharjee, Martin Damrath, P. Hoeher, F. Dressler","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477467","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular communication (MC) is considered to become a very relevant communication technology for many industrial and health care applications. Here, we study the impact of mobility on the channel impulse response. Building upon previous work on simulation and experimental insights on air-based MC, we investigate a mobility scenario in which the sender moves with respect to the receiver of the signal. Our findings show the impact of the mobility on the amplitude as well as the width of the received signal. We consider our results as a first step towards general mobility-impact mitigating waveform and protocol designs for MC.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128625874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santiago Rodrigo, S. Abadal, C. G. Almudever, E. Alarcón
{"title":"Modelling Short-range Quantum Teleportation for Scalable Multi-Core Quantum Computing Architectures","authors":"Santiago Rodrigo, S. Abadal, C. G. Almudever, E. Alarcón","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477461","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-core quantum computing has been identified as a solution to the scalability problem of quantum computing. However, interconnecting quantum chips is not trivial, as quantum communications have their share of quantum weirdness: quantum decoherence and the no-cloning theorem makes transferring qubits a harsh challenge, where every extra nanosecond counts and retransmission is simply impossible. In this paper, we present our first steps towards thorough modeling of quantum communications for multi-core quantum computers, which may be considered as a middle point between the well-known paradigms of Quantum Internet and Network-on-Chip. In particular, we stress the deep entanglement that exists between latency and error rates in quantum computing, and how this affects the quantum network design for this scenario. Moreover, we show the concomitant trade-off between computation and communication resources for a set of parameters out of state-of-the-art experimental research. The observed behavior lets us foresee the potential of multi-core quantum architectures.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126757604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anke Kuestner, Ketki Pitke, J. T. Gómez, R. Wendt, Stefan Fischer, F. Dressler
{"title":"Age of Information in In-Body Nano Communication Networks","authors":"Anke Kuestner, Ketki Pitke, J. T. Gómez, R. Wendt, Stefan Fischer, F. Dressler","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477481","url":null,"abstract":"The use of nanobots and in-body nano communication techniques offer manifold options for next generation health care and precision medicine. Scientific progress allows to place nanobots in the human circulatory system and enabled them to exchange data and information among each other as well as to external gateway systems. One of the frequently asked questions is how to identify the optimal number of bots for a task, monitoring frequencies, and communication technologies. In this paper, we introduce and study the age of information (AoI) as a comprehensive metric for describing the performance of in-body nano communication networks. We use the AoI concept in an in-body measurement scenario. Our results clearly demonstrate that AoI is a very helpful tool to study the performance of in-body nano communication networks.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130776262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bio-Optical Communication: a case-study of Out-to-In Body Interface","authors":"S. Caputo, Lorenzo Biotti, L. Mucchi","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477470","url":null,"abstract":"Internet of bio nano things (IoBNT) is a recent concept which foresees the possibility to interconnect biological or artificial nano devices to the Internet. This would enable the inner part of the human body as part of the global network. One of the major challenge to provide this inter-connectivity is how to move the information from outside to inside the body. This paper proposes a bio-optical communication (BOC) as a potential solution. The paper proposes to use a visible light communication (VLC) LED-based lamp to send a message to the human brain using the eye retina as a relay node. In fact, the eye and the brain can be seen as a natural VLC receiver. We aim to demonstrate that a VLC signal with specific configuration parameters (frequency, etc.) can be successfully demodulated at the brain level and to provide analytically the channel capacity of the communication link.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122315649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haocong Zhi, Xianuo Xu, Weijian Han, Zhilin Gao, Xiaohang Wang, M. Palesi, A. Singh, Letian Huang
{"title":"A Methodology for Simulating Multi-chiplet Systems Using Open-source Simulators","authors":"Haocong Zhi, Xianuo Xu, Weijian Han, Zhilin Gao, Xiaohang Wang, M. Palesi, A. Singh, Letian Huang","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477459","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-chiplet systems are a new design paradigm to mitigate the chip design cost and improve yield for complex SoCs. The design space of multi-chiplet systems is much larger compared to a single chip SoC system. To support early stage design space exploration, simulators are of paramount importance. However, existing open-source multi-/many-core simulators are not suitable for simulating large-scale multi-chiplet systems due to the following reasons: 1) lack of accurate inter-chiplet interconnection model, and 2) incapable of supporting large-scale parallel simulation with accurate interconnection modelling. Therefore, we propose a methodology for building up a simulator for multi-chiplet systems using open-source simulators like gem5, sniper, gpgpu-sim, etc. This simulation methodology mimics the reuse and integration idea of chiplets, that is, these existing open-source simulators are reused to simulate individual chiplets, and an inter-simulator-process communication and synchronization protocol is proposed to simulate inter-chiplet communication. The proposed simulation methodology has the following features: 1) Parallel simulation for large-scale systems is supported with inter- and intra-chiplet interconnection accurately modelled. 2) Both distributed and shared memory models are supported for multi-chiplet systems. We also provide a method to modify the code of the open-source simulators like gem5, sniper, gpgpu-sim, etc. for multi-chiplet simulation, and we have released the source code of multi-chiplet simulators based on gem5, sniper, gpgpu-sim at https://github.com/FCAS-SCUT/chiplet_simulators. In the future we will port more applications/benchmarks and integrate more open-source simulators.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130454765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. P. Martins, S. Balasubramaniam, P. Cotter, Ó. O’Sullivan
{"title":"Binding Process Analysis of Bacterial-based AND Logic Gates","authors":"D. P. Martins, S. Balasubramaniam, P. Cotter, Ó. O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477472","url":null,"abstract":"Some characteristics of the operation of synthetic biology system are not well-explained using digital electronics, but they can be modelled using analog electronics. In this paper, we contribute to the characterization of bacteria internal signal processing by using an analog circuit analysis to show the impact of the binding/unbinding of molecules on a molecular communications system.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121363384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subjective Information in Life Processes: A Computational Case Study","authors":"Tyler Barker, P. Thomas, M. Pierobon","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477454","url":null,"abstract":"Information processing has increasingly gained traction as a unifying and holistic concept to characterize biological systems. Current research has obtained important but limited results in applying information to understanding life, mainly because of inherent syntactic constraints embedded in a universally accepted theory, formulated for communication system engineering, rather than a universal characterization of nature. In this paper, we further the notion of \"subjective information\", which takes into account the relative importance of different information sources for distinct life functions. To this end, we develop a computational model of a microorganism that requires two metabolic substrates to survive and grow. The substrates have different spatial distributions, and the organism acquires information on their environmental concentrations and gradients through a noisy receptor-binding process, ultimately guiding its chemotaxis in the environment to increase the chances of growth and survival. Our simulation results reveal a trade-off between a living system's capability to maximize the acquisition of information from the environment, and the maximization of its growth and survival over time, suggesting that a form of \"subjective information\" promotes growth and survival in life processes, rather than the classical, purely syntactic Shannon information.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127338478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Max Bartunik, Matthias Streb, H. Unterweger, Jakob Haller, J. Kirchner
{"title":"Increasing the Channel Capacity: Parallel Data Transmission in a Testbed for Molecular Communication","authors":"Max Bartunik, Matthias Streb, H. Unterweger, Jakob Haller, J. Kirchner","doi":"10.1145/3477206.3477449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477449","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of molecular communication, molecules or other particles in the nanoscale are used to transmit information. This rather new communication paradigm has a large application potential, ranging from medicine to industrial systems. As testbeds are essential for evaluating the capabilities of this new form of communication, we improve an existing water-based testbed to achieve parallel data transmission within one communication channel in this work. To this end, two different information carriers, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and fluorescent particles, are used to simultaneously transmit independent data streams. A detection system for fluorescent particles was specifically developed for the fluid molecular communication testbed. Using parallel data transmission in the modified testbed the channel capacity was nearly doubled in comparison to a transmission using only a single type of information particles.","PeriodicalId":303880,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Eight Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133047323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}