M. Khamis, Ozan Saltuk, Alina Hang, Katharina Stolz, A. Bulling, Florian Alt
{"title":"TextPursuits: using text for pursuits-based interaction and calibration on public displays","authors":"M. Khamis, Ozan Saltuk, Alina Hang, Katharina Stolz, A. Bulling, Florian Alt","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971679","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we show how reading text on large display can be used to enable gaze interaction in public space. Our research is motivated by the fact that much of the content on public displays includes text. Hence, researchers and practitioners could greatly benefit from users being able to spontaneously interact as well as to implicitly calibrate an eye tracker while simply reading this text. In particular, we adapt Pursuits, a technique that correlates users' eye movements with moving on-screen targets. While prior work used abstract objects or dots as targets, we explore the use of Pursuits with text (read-and-pursue). Thereby we address the challenge that eye movements performed while reading interfere with the pursuit movements. Results from two user studies (N=37) show that Pursuits with text is feasible and can achieve similar accuracy as non text-based pursuit approaches. While calibration is less accurate, it integrates smoothly with reading and allows areas of the display the user is looking at to be identified.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129510397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Urban sensing based on human mobility","authors":"Shenggong Ji, Yu Zheng, Tianrui Li","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971735","url":null,"abstract":"Urban sensing is a foundation of urban computing, collecting data in cities through ubiquitous computing techniques, e.g. using humans as sensors. In this paper, we propose a crowd-based urban sensing framework that maximizes the coverage of collected data in a spatio-temporal space, based on human mobility of participants recruited by a given budget. This framework provides participants with unobstructed tasks that do not break their original commuting plans, while ensuring a sensing program balanced coverage of data that better supports upper-level applications. The framework consists of three components: 1) an objective function to measure data coverage based on the entropy of data with different spatio-temporal granularities; 2) a graph-based task design algorithm to compute a near-optimal task for each participant, using a dynamic programming strategy; 3) a participant recruitment mechanism to find a portion of participants from candidates for a given budget. We evaluate our framework based on a field study and simulations, finding its advantages beyond baselines.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129685539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Engagement-aware computing: modelling user engagement from mobile contexts","authors":"Akhil Mathur, N. Lane, F. Kawsar","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971760","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine the potential of using mobile context to model user engagement. Taking an experimental approach, we systematically explore the dynamics of user engagement with a smartphone through three different studies. Specifically, to understand the feasibility of detecting user engagement from mobile context, we first assess an EEG artifact with 10 users and observe a strong correlation between automatically detected engagement scores and user's subjective perception of engagement. Grounded on this result, we model a set of application level features derived from smartphone usage of 10 users to detect engagement of a usage session using a Random Forest classifier. Finally, we apply this model to train a variety of contextual factors acquired from smartphone usage logs of 130 users to predict user engagement using an SVM classifier with a F1-Score of 0.82. Our experimental results highlight the potential of mobile contexts in designing engagement-aware applications and provide guidance to future explorations.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130986688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gait recognition using wifi signals","authors":"Wen Wang, A. Liu, Muhammad Shahzad","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971670","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose WifiU, which uses commercial WiFi devices to capture fine-grained gait patterns to recognize humans. The intuition is that due to the differences in gaits of different people, the WiFi signal reflected by a walking human generates unique variations in the Channel State Information (CSI) on the WiFi receiver. To profile human movement using CSI, we use signal processing techniques to generate spectrograms from CSI measurements so that the resulting spectrograms are similar to those generated by specifically designed Doppler radars. To extract features from spectrograms that best characterize the walking pattern, we perform autocorrelation on the torso reflection to remove imperfection in spectrograms. We evaluated WifiU on a dataset with 2,800 gait instances collected from 50 human subjects walking in a room with an area of 50 square meters. Experimental results show that WifiU achieves top-1, top-2, and top-3 recognition accuracies of 79.28%, 89.52%, and 93.05%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133452944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting location semantics combining active and passive sensing with environment-independent classifier","authors":"Masaya Tachikawa, T. Maekawa, Y. Matsushita","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971684","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method for estimating a user's indoor location without using training data collected by the user in his/her environment. Specifically, we attempt to predict the user's location semantics, i.e., location classes such as restroom and meeting room. While indoor location information can be used in many real-world services, e.g., context-aware systems, lifelogging, and monitoring the elderly, estimating the location information requires training data collected in an environment of interest. In this study, we combine passive sensing and active sound probing to capture and learn inherent sensor data features for each location class using labeled training data collected in other environments. In addition, this study modifies the random forest algorithm to effectively extract inherent sensor data features for each location class. Our evaluation showed that our method achieved about 85% accuracy without using training data collected in test environments.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114851887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Maekawa, Daisuke Nakai, Kazuya Ohara, Y. Namioka
{"title":"Toward practical factory activity recognition: unsupervised understanding of repetitive assembly work in a factory","authors":"T. Maekawa, Daisuke Nakai, Kazuya Ohara, Y. Namioka","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971721","url":null,"abstract":"In a line production system of a factory, a worker repetitively performs predefined operation processes. This paper tries to recognize work by factory workers in an unsupervised manner. Specifically, we propose an unsupervised measurement method for estimating lead time (duration) of each period of an operation process using a wrist-worn accelerometer because the lead time greatly affects productivity of the line production system. Our proposed method automatically finds a frequent sensor data segment as a \"motif\" that occurs once in each operation period using only prior knowledge about predefined standard lead time of the operation process, and uses the occurrence intervals of the motif to estimate the lead time. We evaluated our method using real factory data and the estimation error was only about 3.5%.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116730951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Darshan Santani, Joan-Isaac Biel, F. Labhart, J. Truong, Sara Landolt, E. Kuntsche, D. Gática-Pérez
{"title":"The night is young: urban crowdsourcing of nightlife patterns","authors":"Darshan Santani, Joan-Isaac Biel, F. Labhart, J. Truong, Sara Landolt, E. Kuntsche, D. Gática-Pérez","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971713","url":null,"abstract":"We present a mobile crowdsourcing study to capture and examine the nightlife patterns of two youth populations in Switzerland. Our contributions are three fold. First, we developed a smartphone application to capture data on places, social context and nightlife activities, and to record mobile videos capturing the ambiance of places. Second, we conducted an \"in-the-wild\" study with more than 200 participants over a period of three months in two Swiss cities, resulting in a total of 1,394 unique place visits and 843 videos that spread across place categories (including personal homes and public parks), social and ambiance variables. Finally, we investigated the use of automatic ambiance features to estimate the loudness and brightness of places at scale, and found that while features are reliable with respect to video content, videos do not always reflect the place ambiance reported by people in-situ. We believe that the developed methodology provides an opportunity to understand the physical mobility, activities, and social context of youth as they experience different aspects of nightlife.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128298029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han Xu, Zheng Yang, Zimu Zhou, Longfei Shangguan, K. Yi, Yunhao Liu
{"title":"Indoor localization via multi-modal sensing on smartphones","authors":"Han Xu, Zheng Yang, Zimu Zhou, Longfei Shangguan, K. Yi, Yunhao Liu","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971668","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor localization is of great importance to a wide range of applications in shopping malls, office buildings and public places. The maturity of computer vision (CV) techniques and the ubiquity of smartphone cameras hold promise for offering sub-meter accuracy localization services. However, pure CV-based solutions usually involve hundreds of photos and pre-calibration to construct image database, a labor-intensive overhead for practical deployment. We present ClickLoc, an accurate, easy-to-deploy, sensor-enriched, image-based indoor localization system. With core techniques rooted in semantic information extraction and optimization-based sensor data fusion, ClickLoc is able to bootstrap with few images. Leveraging sensor-enriched photos, ClickLoc also enables user localization with a single photo of the surrounding place of interest (POI) with high accuracy and short delay. Incorporating multi-modal localization with Manifold Alignment and Trapezoid Representation, ClickLoc not only localizes efficiently, but also provides image-assisted navigation. Extensive experiments in various environments show that the 80-percentile error is within 0.26m for POIs on the floor plan, which sheds light on sub-meter level indoor localization.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123806097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nazir Saleheen, Supriyo Chakraborty, Nasir Ali, Md. Mahbubur Rahman, Syed Monowar Hossain, Rummana Bari, E. Buder, M. Srivastava, Santosh Kumar
{"title":"mSieve: differential behavioral privacy in time series of mobile sensor data","authors":"Nazir Saleheen, Supriyo Chakraborty, Nasir Ali, Md. Mahbubur Rahman, Syed Monowar Hossain, Rummana Bari, E. Buder, M. Srivastava, Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971753","url":null,"abstract":"Differential privacy concepts have been successfully used to protect anonymity of individuals in population-scale analysis. Sharing of mobile sensor data, especially physiological data, raise different privacy challenges, that of protecting private behaviors that can be revealed from time series of sensor data. Existing privacy mechanisms rely on noise addition and data perturbation. But the accuracy requirement on inferences drawn from physiological data, together with well-established limits within which these data values occur, render traditional privacy mechanisms inapplicable. In this work, we define a new behavioral privacy metric based on differential privacy and propose a novel data substitution mechanism to protect behavioral privacy. We evaluate the efficacy of our scheme using 660 hours of ECG, respiration, and activity data collected from 43 participants and demonstrate that it is possible to retain meaningful utility, in terms of inference accuracy (90%), while simultaneously preserving the privacy of sensitive behaviors.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121799107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chu Luo, Angelos Fylakis, Juha Partala, Simon Klakegg, Jorge Gonçalves, K. Liang, T. Seppänen, V. Kostakos
{"title":"A data hiding approach for sensitive smartphone data","authors":"Chu Luo, Angelos Fylakis, Juha Partala, Simon Klakegg, Jorge Gonçalves, K. Liang, T. Seppänen, V. Kostakos","doi":"10.1145/2971648.2971686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971686","url":null,"abstract":"We develop and evaluate a data hiding method that enables smartphones to encrypt and embed sensitive information into carrier streams of sensor data. Our evaluation considers multiple handsets and a variety of data types, and we demonstrate that our method has a computational cost that allows real-time data hiding on smartphones with negligible distortion of the carrier stream. These characteristics make it suitable for smartphone applications involving privacy-sensitive data such as medical monitoring systems and digital forensics tools.","PeriodicalId":303792,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125672071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}