Kalbotyra最新文献

{"title":"Die Behandlung von arbeitsbezogenen Problemen in deutsch-litauischen Geschäftstelefonaten","authors":"Rūta Eidukevičienė, Sidona Žvaliauskienė","doi":"10.15388/KLBT.2013.7666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KLBT.2013.7666","url":null,"abstract":"Der Beitrag widmet sich einem bis jetzt in Litauen kaum untersuchten Thema, namlich der deutsch-litauischen geschaftlichen Telefonkommunikation. Das gesamte Korpus besteht aus 42 Telefonaten. Den konkreten Untersuchungsgegenstand dieses Beitrags bildet ein authentisches deutsch-litauisches Geschaftstelefonat, in dem ein berufsbezogenes Problem bzw. ein problematischer Sachverhalt behandelt wird. Das Gesprach wird unternehmensintern im Rahmen einer fest etablierten Zusammenarbeit zwischen einer deutschen Mitarbeiterin des Stammhauses in Deutschland und einer litauischen Kollegin in der litauischen Niederlassung gefuhrt. Bei der exemplarischen Analyse des Telefonats wird auf Ansatze der traditionellen amerikanischen Konversationsanalyse und der sich spater im deutschsprachigen Raum etablierten Handlungsmusteranalyse zuruckgegriffen. Auf dieser methodischen Grundlage werden die einzelnen Handlungssequenzen des Telefonats rekonstruiert und die von den Beteiligten zu bewaltigenden Interaktionsaufgaben sowie deren Realisierung erlautert. Daruber hinaus wird deutlich gemacht, wie sich die Beteiligten am institutionellen und interkulturellen Kontext der Kommunikation orientieren bzw. inwieweit sie diese Kontexte als handlungsrelevant betrachten.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66941766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tarpkalbiniai ir tarpdalykiniai mokslo kalbos tyrimai: medžiagos ir metodų pasirinkimo iššūkiai tyrėjams","authors":"Jolanta Šinkūnienė","doi":"10.15388/Klbt.2013.7671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/Klbt.2013.7671","url":null,"abstract":"Recent trends in academic discourse analysis reveal a keen scholarly interest in cross-disciplinary and cross-linguistic variation in academic texts. While most of the research is still on the English language, the last few decades have seen an upsurge of interest in academic discourse produced in other languages, frequently comparing it to patterns of writing and argumentation in Anglo-American scientific texts. Numerous studies attempt to outline the universal features of academic discourse as well as to highlight the specific ones, typical only of some of the disciplines or cultural communities. Thus, features of academic discourse are often interpreted within the “big” (i. e. national) and “small” (i. e. disciplinary) culture context (cf. Atkinson 2004). The paper briefly reviews trends in current academic discourse research, mainly in the genre of the research article. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the challenges that researchers of academic discourse face while compiling specialized comparable corpora for their cross-disciplinary and cross-linguistic analyses and to highlight certain methodological issues which are important in this type of analyses. As noted by many researchers in the field, the reliability of the results and a better empirical grounding primarily depend on the appropriately selected common ground of comparison. An overview of recently published research on cross-linguistic and cross-disciplinary aspects of academic discourse reveals various methodological solutions to corpus design and data analysis.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66941871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prancūzų kalbos veiksmažodžio devoir ‘privalėti’ semantinė funkcinė polifonija. Tarpkalbinė studija","authors":"Vita Valiukienė","doi":"10.15388/Klbt.2013.7672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/Klbt.2013.7672","url":null,"abstract":"Straipsnyje aptariama prancūzų kalbos veiksmažodžio devoir ‘privalėti’ reikšmių įvairovė iš tarpkalbinės prancūzų-lietuvių / lietuvių-prancūzų perspektyvos. Remiantis lingvistinėje literatūroje publikuotais diachroniniais tyrimais apžvelgiama šio veiksmažodžio reikšmių dinamika prancūzų kalboje. Straipsnyje taip pat pateikiama deontinio modalumo, epistemiškumo, evidencialumo kategorijų samprata prancūzų lingvistikoje. Trumpai pristatoma gramatikalizacijos proceso esmė. Apibendrinamosios bandomojo tyrimo pastabos daromos remiantis individualia straipsnio autorės introspekcija analizuojant prancūzų ir lietuvių grožinės literatūros kūrinių pavyzdžius bei jų vertimus į lietuvių ir prancūzų kalbą ir mokslinėje literatūroje vyraujančia išvada: deontiniam devoir ‘privalėti’ aspektui perteikti dažniausiai pasirenkama veiksmažodinė strategija, o epistemiškumui reikšti – adverbialinė raiška. Tyrimu atkreipiamas dėmesys į kontekstinės situacijos svarbą devoir ‘privalėti’ reikšmių identifikavimui.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66941917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kalbiniai ir kultūriniai lietuvių meninių tekstų deminutyvų ypatumai ir vertimas į prancūzų kalbą","authors":"Aurelija Leonavičienė","doi":"10.15388/KLBT.2013.7668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KLBT.2013.7668","url":null,"abstract":"The frequent usage of diminutives is a characteristic of the Lithuanian language system. This feature is not common in other languages, for example in French. Lithuanian language has a big potential for the word formation. The Lithuanian language contains approximately 80 suffixes of diminutives which express hypocoristic, ironic, pejorative and other meanings. Meanwhile in French language these meanings are usually expressed by analytical forms together with adjectives such as little , good , etc. or by non-diminutive lexical units. The frequent usage of diminutives conveys lyricism as well as stylistic, sociolinguistic and socio-cultural characteristics of Lithuanian artistic texts. As a result, the diminutives are considered to be an important feature of artistic texts. The aim of this article is to describe diminutives of the Lithuanian language system, to discuss their frequency in the analysed texts, their stylistic value, productivity of the morphemes of diminutives and translation strategies into the French language. The analysis of diminutives translations into the French language during the last 12 years (from 2000 to 2012) allows to define certain tendencies of translation strategies chosen by French translators and to discuss problematic issues of translation. The material for the analysis is composed of novels written by Lithuanian authors (R. Granauskas, R. Gavelis, A. Landsbergis, J. Kuncinas, V. Juknaitė, S. Parulskis, G. Radvilaviciūtė and others) and their translations into the French language that were published in the anthology contemporary Lithuanian novels “Des âmes dans le brouillard” in 2003 and in Lithuanian cultural reviews “Cahiers Lituaniens” published in France in 2000–2012. The investigation is performed by the quantitative, analytical, contrastive linguistic methods. Abstract in French","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66941809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gotų kalbos bevardės giminės būdvardžių galūnių kaita","authors":"Artūras Ratkus","doi":"10.15388/Klbt.2013.7669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/Klbt.2013.7669","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the evidence of morphological variation in the inflection of neuter nominative and accusative singular adjectives as well as other modifiers in Gothic (shorter nominal vs. longer pronominal forms in -ata) in an effort to test the traditional hypothesis on the principles that underlie the variation and examine the diachronic implications of the use of -ata forms. The discussion is based on a total of 76 examples of -ata. It is shown that -ata forms are found in attributive, substantivised and predicative contexts across the modifier lexicon (including adjectives, the quantifier alls, possessive and demonstrative pronouns, participles, etc.) and prevail in attributive as well as substantivised use. From a diachronic point view, the fact that the bulk of -ata forms are more systematically attested in the quantifier alls ‘all’ (a word that has strong pronominal properties) and possessive pronouns is indicative of the strong inflection being more primary to pronouns. It is then possible to propose a scenario of reconstruction where the strong inflection has been passed on from demonstrative pronouns to prototypical adjectives through pronominal adjectives (such as possessive pronouns and the like). It is suggested that the use of -ata forms is difficult to explain semantically. Instead, the evidence of inflectional variation in identical contexts and the sporadic attestation of -ata across the modifier lexicon suggests that the pronominal form is a marked relic of older usage. The scarcity of predicative -ata forms is argued to be unexceptional; it is shown that it can be explained in terms of the statistics of case usage. This eliminates the need to explain predicative -ata forms away, and the recognition of the fact that their use in Gothic extended to all syntactic contexts typical of adjectives (and other relevant modifiers) indicates that there is no syntactically-conditioned allomorphy in the neuter nominative and accusative singular. Finally, it is suggested that the patterning of -ata forms in relation to the noun, and, in particular, the tendency for these forms to be used in post-position to the head, is indicative of the adjective inflection having been pronominalised in the Germanic proto-language, when the typical pattern of word order in the noun phrase was with modifiers being used in post-position to nouns.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66941817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Einige Überlegungen zur Bestimmung des Äquivalenzgrades am Beispiel des lexikalischen Feldes „Erhebung im Gelände“","authors":"Daumantas Katinas","doi":"10.15388/KLBT.2013.7667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KLBT.2013.7667","url":null,"abstract":"Eine der wichtigsten Fragen in der kontrastiven Lexikologie, zweisprachigen Lexikografie und der Ubersetzungswissenschaft ist die Bestimmung des Aquivalenzgrades zwischen den Lexemen der Vergleichssprachen. Die meisten Lexikologen, die sich mit kontrastiven Untersuchungen beschaftigen, sprechen von der Voll-, Teil- und Nullaquivalenz. In der Praxis existiert allerdings nur die so genannte Teilaquivalenz. Wenn man aber in der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion nur diesen Begriff verwenden wurde, entstunden somit noch grosere Schwierigkeiten bei der Bestimmung des Aquivalenzgrades, weil sich das Spektrum der Teilaquivalenz von 1 bis 99 Prozent erstrecken wurde. Daher wird im vorliegenden Beitrag eine Formel zur Berechnung des Aquivalenzgrades zwischen zwei Vergleichslexemen vorgeschlagen. In erster Linie wird die semantische Analyse des lexikalischen Feldes „Erhebung im Gelande“ im Litauischen und im Deutschen, das die Grundlage der Formel bildet, kurz prasentiert. Dazu wird der von Helmut Henne und Herbert Ernst Wiegand (Henne 1972, Wiegand 1970, Kuhn 1979) vorgeschlagene Entwurf, die lexikalische Bedeutung mit Hilfe von onomasiologischen, komplementarsemasiologischen und autonom-semasiologischen Operationsschritten zu beschreiben, herangezogen. Dieser Entwurf wird durch kontrastive, prototypensemantische und korpusgestutzte Aspekte erganzt. Im zweiten Teil wird die mathematische Formel zur Berechnung des Aquivalenzgrades zwischen zwei Vergleichslexemen angegeben und durch das Beispiel des Lexempaars kalva–Hugel veranschaulicht.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66941799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zur Problematik des Begriffes Quotativ am Beispiel der Konstruktion \"so nach dem Motto\"","authors":"Jurgita Sinkevičienė","doi":"10.15388/KLBT.2013.7670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KLBT.2013.7670","url":null,"abstract":"In diesem Beitrag wird auf die Problematik der Abgrenzung von Quotativen und Reportativen eingegangen. Die Analyse wird am Beispiel der Konstruktion so nach dem Motto durchgefuhrt, wobei die Belege mit Hilfe der Suchmaschine Google sowie verschiedener Internetforen wie www.hochzeitsforum.de, www.bfriends.brigitte.de/ foren zusammengestellt sind. Es soll gezeigt werden, dass die Quotative im Gegensatz zu Reportativen sich der Funktion der Marker der interpretativen Verwendung annahern. Anders als bei vielen anderen Autoren wird hier der Terminus Quotativ nicht auf eine Unterart evidenzieller Markierung bezogen, sondern es sind damit sprachliche Marker gemeint, die mehr das in ihrem Bereich auftretende Satzfragment als Wiedergabe des Wortlauts kennzeichnen als den Inhalt einer Aussage.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66941857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prancūzų kalbos konstrukcijų su veiksmažodžiais devoir ‘privalėti’, falloir ‘reikėti’ multifunkcionalumas: prancūzų–lietuvių kalbų tekstynu paremtas tyrimas","authors":"Vita Valiukienė","doi":"10.15388/KLBT.2014.7679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KLBT.2014.7679","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examines the morphosyntactic features and functions of the constructions je dois dire (que)  ‘I must say (that)’ and  (il) faut dire (que)  ‘it is necessary to say (that)’ in French and their correspondences in Lithuanian. The study is corpus-based and the data have been retrieved from the bidirectional parallel corpus  CTL FR-LT-FR. The thorough semantic functional analysis of the construction  je dois dire (que)  ‘I must say (that)’ in the CTL FR-LT shows that the verbs  devoir  ‘must’ and  dire  ‘say’ clearly express the meanings of necessity and saying. However, in initial position the construction with the complementizer  que  ‘that’ represents a lexical variant and may not be functionally transparent. Its functional indeterminacy may be clarified by its prosodic realizations. The conceptual meanings of the verbs  devoir  ‘must’ and  dire  ‘say’ in the construction  je dois dire (que)  ‘I must say (that)’ are bleached and the construction may function as a marker that initiates conversation with the addressee, expresses the author’s argumentation and links clauses or parts of discourse. In initial and medial position, it may hedge an utterance or modify a word or a phrase. Thus the construction  je dois dire (que)  ‘I must say (that)’ is not primary in the communicative structure of the sentence and functions as a marker of author stance. The construction  (il) faut dire (que)  ‘it is necessary to say (that)’ is less frequent in the  CTL FR-LT and displays minor structural variation. It shows traces of parentheticalization, namely deverbalization (omission of the formal subject  il ), omission of the complementizer  que  ‘that’, syntactic mobility in the sentence, semantic bleaching of the verbs  falloir  ‘need’ and  dire  ‘say’, alternation with mental verbs (Pusch 2007), interpersonal and intertextual functions. The structure  (il) faut dire + NP ‘it is necessary + NP’ clearly expresses the meaning of necessity to say. The Lithuanian constructions  turiu pasakyti/pripažinti  ‘I must say/admit’ and  reikia pasakyti/pripažinti  ‘it is necessary to say/admit’ in the  CTL LT-FR are not statistically significant and functionally they do not differ from the equivalent constructions in French. The data in the  CTL FR-LT-FR and the CCLL (Contemporary Corpus of the Lithuanian Language) reveal that the constructions under study are not dominant either in French or Lithuanian but possible in authentic language use. Although the generalizations made above should be corroborated by more empirical data, the present study contributes to the research on parenthetical constructions in French and Lithuanian and can be supplemented by the analysis of the constructions in academic discourse.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66942210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ein phraseologisches Lernerwörterbuch? Warum denn nicht!","authors":"S. Lapinskas, Irena Stanulevič","doi":"10.15388/KLBT.2012.7661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KLBT.2012.7661","url":null,"abstract":"Fur Litauisch braucht man nicht nur allgemeinsprachliche, sondern auch phraseologische Lerner-Worterbucher. In diesem Beitrag werden Uberlegungen angestellt, welche meta-, makro- und mikrolexikographischen ebenso wie semantischen und pragmatischen Probleme zu berucksichtigen sind, um ein dreisprachiges phraseologisches LernerWorterbuch zu erarbeiten. Es wird die Konzeption eines solchen Worterbuchs skizziert, dann werden die in der ersten Phase der Erarbeitung des Worterbuchs schon realisierten Arbeitsschritte beschrieben, und zuletzt wird ein Ausblick auf die weiteren notwendigen Schritte zur Ausfuhrung der Projektidee gegeben.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66942117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidential adjectives in Lithuanian academic discourse","authors":"Anna Ruskan","doi":"10.15388/KLBT.2012.7663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/KLBT.2012.7663","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explores the functional distribution of the neuter adjectives akivaizdu ‘evident, obvious’, aisku ‘clear’, natūralu ‘natural’ and panasu ‘likely’ in Lithuanian written academic discourse. The research focuses on the CTP (complement-takingpredicate) and parenthetical use of the adjectives and presents basic quantitative and qualitative findings of these patterns of use. The data have been collected from the Corpus of Academic Lithuanian represented by texts from biomedical sciences, humanities, physical sciences, social sciences and technological sciences. The research shows that the adjectives under consideration primarily express the source of information the author uses for a claim but not the author’s degrees of commitment towards the proposition. These adjectives signal that the author obtains knowledge for the proposition through inferences based on external and/or internal sources of evidence. Inferences in academic discourse are intersubjective as they mark the availability of evidence to the reader.","PeriodicalId":30274,"journal":{"name":"Kalbotyra","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66942166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}