International Journal of the Sociology of Agriculture and Food最新文献

{"title":"Dynamics of Power and Cooperation in Rural Development: The Case of Chianina Beef Production in Italy","authors":"Yoko Kanemasu, R. Sonnino","doi":"10.48416/IJSAF.V16I2.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48416/IJSAF.V16I2.271","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to the theorization of the much-debated ‘paradigm shift’ from conventional agri-industrialism towards sustainable rural development through the adoption of an actor-oriented approach that focuses on the practices, initiatives and experiences of rural actors themselves. Building on existing conceptualizations of rural actors as active agents, we analyse cooperative relations amongst quality meat producers in central Italy to shed light onto the dynamics of their collective interventions. Our case study demonstrates that seemingly ‘alternative’ rural development processes do not necessarily represent a smooth transition towards a new paradigm. Whilst producers have the capacity to collectively negotiate the pressures of the conventional agri-food system, their agency encompasses also conscious attempts to manoeuvre a highly ambiguous relationship with conventional markets to their advantage. Such ‘empowerment’ is also far from unproblematic. Collective actions provide producers with a degree of power, which, however, is subject to an asymmetrical distribution that seems to parallel that of agri-industrialism. In other words, producers’ collective action against the dominant forces of agro-industrial globalization is a contested process of allocation of power over productive relations and the market. Our analysis hence problematises the notion of ‘paradigm shift’ and calls for further research that critically examines the power differentials that reside in different dimensions of rural development practices.","PeriodicalId":302742,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Sociology of Agriculture and Food","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130211692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEARCHING FOR THE 'WIN-WIN'? ANIMALS, GENOMICS AND WELFARE","authors":"Richard Twine","doi":"10.4324/9781849776356-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849776356-16","url":null,"abstract":"Animal Genomics sits within the nexus of the central contradiction that characterises human/animal relations within contemporary Western societies. On the one hand we can observe a historical move toward less instrumental human/animals relations and the emergence of ethics of care which have forced significant reflexivity upon modern intensive agriculture. Yet significantly animals remain real conduits for bio-capitalization and targets of human consumption. Biotechnological elaborations of animal life be they through presently commercialised genomics or bio-pharmaceuticals or, perhaps in the longer term, cloning or GM, extend the modernist mastery of nature, now more properly understood as a refashioning or 'bespoking' (Michael 2001) of nature. The partial erosion of productivism in agriculture since the 1970s illustrates that even before the arrival of animal biotechnologies this contradiction was already in flux. Animal Genomics is one space where this is played out as it must negotiate the needs of agri-business and the societal and scientific interests of animal welfare. The term 'win-win' is employed by animal geneticists when they can achieve a given type of selection that is perceived to have a 'good' outcome both in terms of productivity and welfare, capturing well the ambivalence of production and welfare. This paper investigates the potential impact of genetics and genomics on animal welfare science, arguing that the ambivalence of welfare and production becomes especially salient around the idea of animal 'health' which can be taken to signify both welfare and production. A further issue is whether animal welfare science is being subject to geneticisation. Drawing upon interviews with animal scientists this paper explores the tensions of this in practice and the economic shaping of animal genomics and welfare. Although social and ethical considerations are increasingly on the agenda it is suggested that they can only gain a limited foothold due to both the commercial outlook of agricultural science and the economic constraints of contemporary global agriculture.","PeriodicalId":302742,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Sociology of Agriculture and Food","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129908678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food TNCs, intellectual property investments and post-Fordist food consumption: the case of Unilever and Nestle in Turkey","authors":"N. Z. Yenal","doi":"10.48416/IJSAF.V8I.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48416/IJSAF.V8I.349","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an attempt to analyze the growing predominance and changing investment strategies of food TNCs (transnational corporations) in the context of a peripheral country, Turkey. My general argument is two-folded. On the one hand, I will demonstrate that exploiting intellectual property (intangible assets) by investing in foreign markets has become an important component of the expansion strategies of food TNCs in the past several decades. On the other hand, I will suggest that this process is closely related to changes in food consumption patterns. In other words, my intention is to show that with the growing segmentation of food consumption markets, intellectual property investments have gained even more significance in the production and marketing decisions of food TNCs, especially in the processed food sector. For this purpose, I will first provide a brief review of the literature on the restructuring of the world agro-food industry after the 1970s and the role of TNCs in this process. Secondly, I will highlight the importance of intellectual property investments and changes in food consumption patterns in this period. I will then briefly summarize the transformation of the Turkish agro-food sector since the 1980s. In the last section, I will concentrate on the activities of two major food TNCs in Turkey, namely Unilever and Nestle, and describe how their investment and marketing strategies have changed and responded to transformations in the consumption sphere. Analyses of the current restructuring of the world agro-food industry are heavily dominated by a core-centric approach. My contention is that for the most part these analyses neglect changes in the investment and marketing strategies of food TNCs in the periphery. This is partly because the growth of trade and foreign direct investment and financial integration, have been concentrated within the global triad of North America, Western Europe and East Asia since the 1980s. Therefore sociological accounts of the globalization of agro-food markets usually focus on these regions and ignore what takes place in other parts of the world. I believe that research on food TNCs would benefit from studies dealing with peripheral countries.","PeriodicalId":302742,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Sociology of Agriculture and Food","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128536338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE LOCAL IN THE GLOBAL: AGRICULTURE, STATE AND REVOLUTION IN IRAN *","authors":"Farshad A. Araghi","doi":"10.48416/IJSAF.V8I.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48416/IJSAF.V8I.356","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines state and class restructuring in late nineteenth century Iran in connection with the reorganization of world agriculture under the “Second Colonialism.” Seeing the local within the global and vice versa, and linking economy, polity, and culture, I provide an alternative interpretation of the nature of nationalism in late nineteenth century Iran. I show that the relations of the Iranian state and the mercantile classes with the world market led to contradictory developments. Export cropping opened to merchants new opportunities for expanding their economic horizons. As they gained financial strength, they articulated and asserted their interests. At the same time, however, the Iranian state was being internationalized, as it increasingly represented the political and commercial interests of colonial powers. The domestic “contraction” of the state and the “expansion” of national commercial classes created tension between the state and the merchant bourgeoisie who, in the course of their struggles for state representation, merged with the rising pan-Islamic reaction against European colonialism. Pan-Islamism, by its capacity for articulating the economic nationalism of the mercantile classes in ethical terms, mobilized the masses of people for struggle for the nationalization of the state. Hence, nationalism and modernity in Iran took a nonsecular character.","PeriodicalId":302742,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Sociology of Agriculture and Food","volume":"27 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120848611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating plant genetic diversity maintained by local farmers and residents:: A comphrehensive assessment of continuous vegetable cultivation and seed-saving activities on a regional scale in Japan","authors":"M. Tomiyoshi, Y. Uchiyama, R. Kohsaka","doi":"10.48416/IJSAF.V26I2.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48416/IJSAF.V26I2.433","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of saving seeds from local varieties of crops and vegetables is integral for preserving agricultural biodiversity. After reviewing the current (1) seed saving activities practiced worldwide, (2) agricultural industry and farmer behaviour in Japan, and (3) seed system used in Japan, we conducted a survey to determine methods for the cultivation of homegrown seeds on a regional scale. Questionnaires were mailed to 7,068 families (including full-time and part-time farmers and home gardeners) in the Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, and 1,662 responses were obtained. We found that a majority of the respondents purchased seeds; however, some seeds were grown locally, and were mostly homegrown. Contrary to general expectations, the economic incentive (“good market price”) played an insignificant role in crop cultivation continuity. \u0000            Cluster analysis resulted in four groups of crops, according to the rate of on-farm seed saving and changes in cultivation over a 30-year period. Certain crops, such as soybean and azuki bean, were frequently grown using on-farm produced seeds. Different conservation strategies were required for crops in each cluster due to their unique characteristics. Our data form the basis for promoting diversity and local crop cultivation by farmers in industrialized countries.","PeriodicalId":302742,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Sociology of Agriculture and Food","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125901903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metatheories and Better Theories: A Reply to Ruttan","authors":"L. Busch","doi":"10.48416/IJSAF.V2I.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48416/IJSAF.V2I.400","url":null,"abstract":"The attempt to carry out interdisciplinary research between economics and sociology has been more than problematic in that the assumptions driving the two disciplines, the methods employed and the conclusions attained can be quite different. Vernon Ruttan, in his paper 'The Sociology of Development and Under Development: Are There Lessons for Economics?', attempts to point out the potential contribution of sociologists utilizing modernization theory, dependency theory and world systems theory to economists. The following paper is a response to this endeavor. It examines the article by Ruttan in two ways. It first analyzes the different metatheoreticai assumptions that underlie the two approaches. Secondly, it examines issues raised by Ruttan in an effort to magnify the similarities and differences between the two. It is concluded that what is needed is not a distinction between the social sciences but the generation of a social science which encompasses human societies in all their complexities. \u0000  \u0000Resumen \u0000Metateorias y Mejores Teorias. Una replica a Ruttan \u0000  \u0000El intento interdisciplinario de investigacion llevada a cabo entre la Economia y la Sociologia ha sido mas bien problematico, en la suposicion de que las dos disciplinas, el empleo de metodos y las conclusiones logradas pueden llegar a ser bastante diferentes. Vernon Ruttan, en su articulo \"La sociologia del desarrollo y del subdesarrollo: ?Tiene lecciones para los economistas?\", realiza un intento por puntualizar cuales son las potenciales contribuciones de los sociologos que utilizan la teoria de la modernizacion, la teoria de la dependencia y la teoria del sistema mundial, para los economistas. El siguiente articulo es una respuesta a esc esfuerzo. Se examina el articulo de Ruttan en dos sentidos: en primer lugar se consideran las diferentes metateorias, subrayando los supuestos de los dos tipos de aproximacion. En segundo lugar, se examina el punto en disputa levantado por Ruttan como un esfuerzo por magnificar las similitudes y diferencias entre los dos. Se concluye, que esta distincion no es necesaria entre las ciencias sociales para la generacion de una ciencia social que abarque a las sociedades humanas en toda su complejidad.","PeriodicalId":302742,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Sociology of Agriculture and Food","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125085908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Strategies in the Global Era: The Case of Mega-hog Farms in the Texas Panhandle Region","authors":"A. Bonanno, Douglas H. Constance","doi":"10.48416/IJSAF.V9I.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48416/IJSAF.V9I.341","url":null,"abstract":"Employing the case of the expansion of mega-hog production facilities in the Texas Panhandle region, this paper contributes to the globalization of agriculture and food literature by illustrating the strategies employed by transnational corporations (TNCs) to advance their economic and social interests and respond to emerging resistance. We argue that – rather than substantively addressing property, quality of life and environmental concerns raised by rural activists and residents – TNCs complement their hyper-mobility with corporate actions at the legitimative, political and economic levels which support their plans. At the legitimative level, hog-producing TNCs reacted to the challenges of local residents by presenting a “green” image which indicates conformity to good practices of environmental stewardship, narrows the definition of sound environmental actions and devalues opposition’s claims. Politically, TNCs modified existing environmental legislation to fit their agenda. By exercising direct control over the polity, TNCs were able to eliminate citizen participation from decision making processes concerning environmental issues. Additionally, they were able to further depoliticize environmental and property issues by shifting them from the political realm to the administrative sphere. Economically, TNCs stressed the benefits that communities received from the relocation of mega-hog operations in their areas in a context characterized by a high demand for corporate investments from other regions. Additionally, TNCs employed their economic clout to exploit communities’ needs in order to gain acceptance of corporate positions. This case study is grounded on a Critical Theory framework (Antonio 1983; Horkheimer 1972; Wiggershaus 1994). While sharing the Marxian tenets of economic domination and class struggle over of the control of the means of production, Critical Theory pays attention to the cultural and ideological sides of class domination. For Critical Theory mature capitalism is characterized by the cultural hegemony of dominant classes and the economic and ideological oppression of subordinate groups. Though the use of Immanent Critique, critical theorists document the false unity of theory and history, the claim that current social arrangements correspond to the bourgeois ideals of universal equality, justice and","PeriodicalId":302742,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Sociology of Agriculture and Food","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114845665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parallel Precarity: : A Comparison of U.S. and Canadian Agricultural Guestworker Programs","authors":"Kathleen Sexsmith, Laura-Anne Minkoff-Zern, Anelyse M. Weiler","doi":"10.48416/IJSAF.V26I2.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48416/IJSAF.V26I2.57","url":null,"abstract":"As national borders tighten against undocumented migrants, agricultural employers throughout North America have pushed governments for easier access to a legalized temporary farm workforce. Some U.S. farmers and policymakers are seeking to expand the country’s temporary agricultural guest worker program (H-2A visa). Canada’s longstanding Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program has been proposed on an international scale as an example of best practices because it fulfills employer demands for a stable workforce, enables state control over migration flows and, at least on paper, safeguards workers’ rights. However, researchers have documented systemic violations of workers’ rights in both countries. How do outcomes for legalized temporary migrant farmworkers in Canada compare to those in the United States? This paper addresses an empirical gap in the literature by rigorously comparing agricultural guest worker programs in Canada and the United States. We analyze how guestworker immigration policies shape migration flows, along with employment and well-being outcomes for agricultural workers. Ultimately, we argue that programs in both countries function by creating an unfree workforce. Despite differences in the policy environment and structure of the programs, they present similar outcomes of systemic precarity for participating workers.","PeriodicalId":302742,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Sociology of Agriculture and Food","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127241002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reforming New Zealand Agriculture: The WTO Way or Farmer Control?","authors":"Bruce Curtis","doi":"10.48416/IJSAF.V9I.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48416/IJSAF.V9I.343","url":null,"abstract":"The article contrasts a neoliberal agenda for agriculture championed by the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and interests within New Zealand, with those of farmer-run institutions, most notably the producer boards. The resources the WTO brings to bear ensure that any struggle it has with producer boards in New Zealand is likely to be one-sided. However this is not to say that the WTO is irresistible. Globalisation and the putative liberalisation of international trade remains a process that is networked, negotiated and implemented in different geographic scales. Consequently there remain possibilities for agriculture and for farmers other than the corporate ‘rule of law’ favoured by the WTO. \u0000?","PeriodicalId":302742,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Sociology of Agriculture and Food","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133205090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Local food' as a contested concept: networks, knowledges and power in food-based strategies for rural development.","authors":"H. Tovey","doi":"10.4324/9781315597195-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315597195-2","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on a contestation around the meaning of 'local food', between a group engaged in 'alternativizing' food exchanges building on a vision of cooperative knowledge-sharing and opportunity-sharing, and one engaged in 'reform' of the conventional system. The latter envisions the formation of individ - ual entrepreneurs and a top-down provision of commercial and production knowledges, emphasizing 'innovation' in food products as the way to gain access to the global system. The contestation is ongoing in a single space, where the two visions of advancing the local food project coexist and are found within separate but overlapping networks. The paper suggests that the struggle between them is not only over strategies to improve economic returns to such producers, but also over the social forms and relations of production seen as appropriate for 'rural development' in the Irish context. The 'ambiguities' of the relations of power across space, while not affecting the market discourse of local food, work to dis - organise and destablise relations within the alternative network and to make the project of an alternative local food system vulnerable to transition into forms more compatible with capitalist development policy.","PeriodicalId":302742,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Sociology of Agriculture and Food","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116125978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}