Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Beams' Orientations on the Intensity-Modulated Radiation TherapyPlan Quality","authors":"E. Attalla, I. El-Desoky","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000324","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The work aims at studying forty Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans designed using KonRad system and evaluating each of them under different conditions to study the effect of beams' orientations on the plan quality. \u0000Methods: Clinical step-and-shoot IMRT treatment plans were designed for twenty patients, suffering from different types of non-CNS solid tumors, to be delivery on a Siemens Oncor accelerator with multi-leaf collimators MLCs (82 leaf). To ensure that the similarity or difference between the plans was due to effect of beams' orientations, the same optimization constraints were applied for each plan and all other parameters were kept constant. \u0000Results: The analysis of performance was based on isodose distributions, Dose Volume Histograms (DVHs) for Planning Target Volume (PTV), the relevant Organs at Risk (OARs) as well as several physical indices like mean dose (Dmean), maximum dose (Dmax), 95% dose (D95), integral dose, volume of tumor receiving 2 Gy and 5 Gy, total number of segments and monitor units (MUs). Homogeneity index and conformation number were two other evaluation parameters that were considered in this study. \u0000Conclusion: All coplanar CP and non-coplanar NC techniques result in clinically acceptable plans, with comparable target doses and dose to critical organs within prescribed dose constraints. For different organs at risk, the coplanar IMRT, the greatest advantage of non-coplanar IMRT was the marked reduction of general trend was that non-coplanar plans achieved the lowest values, while coplanar plans showed the highest. Significant differences (P<0.05) exist only between the homogeneity index HI (1.092 and 1.088) and Monitor Unit MU (357.79 and 341.80) of CP and NC plans respectively. Compared with the integral dose (p=0.007).","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128125206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiating Osteomylelitis from Charcot Joint by Using Sulphur Colloid andBesilosomab (Scintimunî) Scan at Sarawak General Hospital","authors":"Awang Zhb, Kind Al, Razak Na, Hussain Wmabw, S. Menon, Zulkifli Nn","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000323","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Differentiating osteomyelitis (OM) from charcot joint is a vital necessity. Despite having almost \u0000 similar presentation, both OM and charcot joint are managed vastly different. This study proposes the use of \u0000 combined Sulphur Colloid and Besilosomab (Scintumun) scan to differentiate OM from Charcot Joint based on the \u0000 understanding of their dissimilar pathophysiology. \u0000Method: Image acquisitions of two patients using the 99mTc-Scintimun and 99mTc-Sulphur colloid were obtained \u0000 accordingly at the affected sites. \u0000Result: Both patients produced similar images on the combined Sulphur Colloid and Scintimun scans. There \u0000 were increased activity on both Sulphur Colloid and Scintimun scans which suggested the exclusion of OM in both \u0000 cases. Both patients were treated conservatively by the primary team. \u0000Conclusion: The combined study of Scintimun and Sulphur Colloid imaging is a useful tool in assisting the \u0000 primary team to exclude OM although a wider data sample is needed to further support this study.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125286666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival after Salvage Total Laryngectomy: The Influence of Previous Treatment","authors":"I. Stanković, D. Milisavljevic, M. Stankovic","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000322","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To compare the complications and survival rate after different treatment modalities of advanced \u0000laryngopharyngeal cancer. \u0000Methods: Retrospective study included 619 advanced laryngopharyngeal carcinoma, treated with either primary \u0000 total laryngectomy (PTL), or salvage (STL) after partial laryngectomy, radio, chemoradiotherapy. Complications and \u0000survival rate were documented. \u0000Results: Five years disease free survival rate amounted 60.9% for PTL, 54.3% for STL after partial \u0000 laryngectomy, 50% for STL after radiotherapy and 43.8% for STL after chemoradiotherapy. Histologically positive \u0000neck was highly significantly associated with worse prognosis, much more than recurrence within larynx. \u0000Conclusion: PTL gives the best survival rate with low complications for advanced laryngopharyngeal squamous \u0000 cell carcinoma. Complications and survival rate of STL significantly depend on previous treatment of \u0000laryngopharyngeal cancer.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125539058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Thyroglobulin, Neck Ultrasound, Thyroglobulin Antibodies Trend and Diagnostic Whole Body Scan in the Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients with Persistent Thyroglobulin Antibodies","authors":"L. Agate, L. Lorusso, P. Piaggi, F. Bianchi, F. Brozzi, P. Santini, E. Molinaro, P. Vitti, R. Elisei","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000317","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer patients, the presence of thyroglobulin antibodies makes thyroglobulin measurements unreliable. For this reason, thyroglobulin antibodies measurement and the evaluation of their titer trend are also recommended. Objective: We aimed to identify the best method among stimulated thyroglobulin, thyroglobulin antibodies titer trend, neck ultrasound and diagnostic whole body scan for detecting the presence of disease in a group of differentiated thyroid cancer patients with thyroglobulin antibodies. Patients and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 212 consecutive differentiated thyroid cancer patients with thyroglobulin antibodies referred to us between 2005 and 2007 for performing a diagnostic whole body scan. All patients were evaluated during the first two years after the initial treatment. Results: Diagnostic whole body scan sensitivity and specificity in detecting persistent diseases were 70% and 72%, respectively. Diagnostic whole body scan alone had the best positive and negative predictive values (93% and 32%, respectively). A low sensitivity and specificity (56% and 10%, respectively) for increasing or stable thyroglobulin antibodies titer trends were also identified. A good compromise between sensitivity and specificity was obtained when diagnostic whole body scan, stimulated thyroglobulin and neck ultrasound were combined without considering thyroglobulin antibodies trend evaluations (82% and 45%, respectively). Conclusions: Diagnostic whole body scan plays an important role in detecting persistent disease in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with thyroglobulin antibodies, both alone and in association with other methods. However, its low negative predictive value suggests that when a suspicious persistent disease is present, the use of other imaging methods, such as computed tomography scan or FDG-positron emission computed tomography, is recommended. Finally, from this study, it appears that the thyroglobulin antibodies titer trend does not add any useful information about the disease status in the first two years after initial treatment.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126007515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances of Radiation Detector Systems in Nuclear Medicine","authors":"E. Mananga","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000E117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000E117","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation detector systems are instruments that can identify the presence of radiation in the environment, on the surface and within people. Arguably, no single device can detect all kinds of radiation and no one device is useful in all situations. Understanding of the principles of radiation detection and the characteristics of the commonly encountered detection devices is essential in nuclear medicine imaging. All radiation detector systems share the characteristic that the radiation incident on the transducer produces ionization effects that are not directly observable.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127350082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Attenuating Properties of Novel Composite Radiation Shields","authors":"Abdulraheem Kinsaraa, Ahmed Sherif El-Gizawyab, Xuewei Mab","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000316","url":null,"abstract":"Leakage (peripheral dose) of current radiation devices used in treating tumors could have significant side effects \u0000 on patients’ quality of life and life span after radiation treatment. A novel design of sandwich radiation shields is \u0000 being developed at the present time. This design would provide a unique and adaptable device in shielding danger \u0000 peripheral radiation reaching healthy organs. The present research aims at determination of attenuating properties \u0000 of the proposed composite radiation shields using experimental, analytical and numerical simulated techniques. The \u0000 present work indicates that any of the evaluation techniques could be used successfully with the future development \u0000 of radiation shield design. The results reveal that the filler material thickness of the composite shield has the \u0000 strongest effect on the shielding capability of the design. Shell material type and thickness have very little effects on \u0000 the shielding capability and should only be considered for their load carrying capacity and manufacturability by 3-D \u0000 printing techniques.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"270 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124263215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radionuclide Shuntography for the Evaluation of Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt in Children with Hydrocephalus","authors":"Jawa Zm, Mahmud Mr, Aruah Sc, A. Ismaila","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000315","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Radionuclide shuntography is a safe, simple and non-invasive functional imaging technique for determining ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) shunts tube patency with minimal radiation exposure. This is particularly useful in children with hydrocephalus in whom V-P shunt is inserted to divert CSF drainage. V-P shunts are, in many cases, permanent treatment option for children with hydrocephalus and radionuclide shuntography is becoming a very popular technique because of the increasing numbers and survival of children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus. Objective: The aim of this study is to document the usefulness of shuntography in the evaluation of V-P shunt in patients with hydrocephalus. Materials and Methods: All shuntograms performed in our institution from 2008 to 2015 were included in this study. Radionuclide shuntography was performed with Tc-99m DPTA injected into the shunt reservoir and images acquired using a dual headed MEDISO camera. A normal shuntogram is considered as free flow of radiotracer (Tc-99m DTPA) from site of injection to the distal end of shunt tube and spillage into the peritoneum. Results: A total of 56 children were studied comprising of 32 males and 24 females with age ranges of 5month to 11years. Different patterns of results were found, normal functioning shunt tube, partial block shunt tube due to infection or inflammatory debris and total blocked shunt tube due to mechanical defects. Conclusion: About 52% of our patients had partial blockage of their shunt tube. Patients who are diagnosed with a partial tube blockage will require only flushing of the tube and antibiotics treatment, while mechanically blocked tube will require shunt revision. This distinction is critical considering the cost of replacement of V-P shunt tube and the manpower time for surgery. There was no mortality or morbidity associated with radionuclide shuntography in our patients.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124214145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of the New ICRP Eye Lens Dose Limit","authors":"A. Al-Haj, A. Lobriguito","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation protection in the use of ionizing radiation in medicine is becoming more and more important because of its increasing use for imaging and therapy and because of complex procedures and technology. The US study showed that the population dose due to medical uses of ionizing radiation increased to about 49% of the total population radiation dose in year 2006 [1]. The increase is due to the wide use of medical man-made sources of radiation in computed tomography (CT) imaging, interventional radiology and nuclear medicine. Justification of medical exposures and optimization of patient and staff protection are the thrust of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and other international communities and regulatory bodies.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129659252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seprafilm Mediated Immune Response Mimic Danger Signal: A Pilot Studyin Ovarian Cancer Cases","authors":"T. H. Chin, H. Peng, Cheng‐Tao Lin","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000305","url":null,"abstract":"Danger signal was first proposed in 1994. In response to danger signal, dendritic cells, as the director of the T-cell immune system, would be matured and further enhance T-cell response. Hyaluronan had been reported as one of endogenous danger signals. Because of Seprafilm (most used for preventing post-operation adhesion) is also an hyaluronate-based agent, so we choose Seprafilm as our “candidate” of emerging danger signal to increasing T-cell response. We perform a pilot study in 10 ovarian cancer patients to compare the immune risk profiles between cases using Seprafilm (5 cases) and not using Seprafilm (5 cases). We found that there is no statistical difference on the immune risk profiles between two groups. However, a trend of increased CD4 in Seprafilm group was noted, indicating that Seprafilm might be an optional agent mimic danger signal. The potential value of Seprafilm to augment host immunosurveillance to improve survival rate in cancer patients is unknown, further study is needed to clarify the possibility of clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133537569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Resolution Molecular Radiation Therapy and Tumor Imaging for the21st Century","authors":"Anders Brahme","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000311","url":null,"abstract":"With the lightest ions beyond protons, i.e., Helium, Lithium and Beryllium ions, highly specific Molecular Bragg peak radiation therapy of malignant tumors is possible with minimal adverse normal tissue reactions elsewhere in the body. The Bragg peak ionization density is only elevated in a few mm wide spot at the end of the ion range with resultant increased local apoptosis and senescence. By only placing Bragg peaks in the tumor, an increased local therapeutic effect is obtained with only low ionization density and easily repairable damage in surrounding normal tissues. A geometrical accuracy in dose delivery of about 1 mm is possible with these ions, and high-resolution molecular tumor imaging is then needed to accurately delineate the target volume. It is proposed that ultra-sensitivity whole body PET cameras should be built to achieve mm resolution in the whole target region. With about 1 m axial field of view an almost 50-fold increased sensitivity and a reduced imaging time down to a few minutes should be in reach. To get sub mm resolution with whole body spectroscopic MR, about 15 Tesla to 20 Tesla is needed and will significantly increase the resolution with tumor specific metabolite imaging from the 10 mm to 15 mm available today. In the future, it should also be possible to achieve a resolution as high as 10 μm with Stereoscopic Phase Contrast X-ray imaging, or to reduce the dose and imaging time by using 2 projections instead of 400 to get 3D images, thanks to the significantly increased contrast in each projection. When these new methods are brought into clinical use together with light ion therapy a mean tumor cure as high as 80% should be possible, and even more if the new early tumor detection and malignancy estimation methods are brought into more regular clinical use.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124232190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}