Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Estimation and Evaluation of Tissue Inhomogeneity Effect on Dose Distribution for High Dose Rate Iridium 192 Source Using Monte Carlo Simulation and Film Dosimetery","authors":"Akbar Adelnia, D. Fatehi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000312","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to present a theoretical analysis of how phantom dimensions and tissue heterogeneities in interstitial brachytherapy affect on dose distributions. This work was carried out using Gafchromic film measurement and Monte Carlo simulation for 192Ir source. Results show that treatment planning systems (TPS) which consider the patient geometry as homogeneous medium, lead to a dose underestimation up to 8.2% for lung and an overestimation up to 9% for bone. These values depend on the thickness and distance from the source. Thus, TPSs currently in use for clinical brachytherapy cannot consider the effect of tissue heterogeneity on dose distribution.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121657432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasi Experimental Non Randomized Study on Effectiveness of Instructional Strategy on Knowledge, Practice and Quality of Life of Head and Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Radiotherapy in Selected Cancer Research Institute, Uttarakhand","authors":"Kaveta Nigam, K. Prakash","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000313","url":null,"abstract":"The cancer is a disease of cell in which the normal mechanism of the control of growth and proliferation has been altered. Annually, nearly 3 million people die of cancer in India. The Indian Council of Medical Research said in 2016 the total number of new cancer cases is expected to be around 1.45 million and the figure is likely to reach nearly 1.73 million new cases in 2020. Over 0.736 million people are expected to succumb to the disease in 2016 while the figure is estimated to shoot up to 0.88 million by 2020. Data also revealed that only 12.5 percent of patients come for treatment in early stages of the disease. Purpose: The Purpose was to educate the patients with Head and Neck Cancer undergoing radiation therapy about management of side effects to improve their quality of life. Method: A Quantitative research approach with Quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design. The study was conducted in selected Cancer Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Consecutive sampling technique was used for data collection from 60 Head and neck cancer patients by using Structured Knowledge interview schedule, structured self-reported practice checklist and EORTCH & N35 QLQ. Result: The mean post-test knowledge score in experimental group was 18.70 ± 3.06 which was significantly higher than the control group 11.50 ± 5.00. The mean post-test practice score in experimental group was 16.40 ± 1.86 which was significantly higher than the control group 10.00 ± 3.01. There was significant improvement in the Quality of Life of the patients in experimental group in different phases of radiation therapy. In multiple item scales- Pain (0.014 on 8th day and <0.001 on 16th day), swallowing (<0.001 on 16th day), sense problems (0.019 on 8th day and 0.020 on 16th day), speech problem (0.058 on 8th day and 0.041 on 16th day), social contact (0.005). In single item scale teeth (0.019 on 8th day), opening mouth (<0.001 on 16th day), dry mouth (<0.001 on 16th day), sticky saliva (0.040 on 8th day and <0.001 on 16th day), felt ill (0.017 on 16th day). Moderately positive correlation was found between post-test knowledge & practice score. Conclusion: The instructional strategy was effective in increasing knowledge, practice of Head and Neck cancer patients and also improving their Quality of life.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132878592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Communication on the âÂÂCurrent Status of Nuclear Medicine Practice in theMiddle EastâÂÂ","authors":"D. Paez, Tarik Becic","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000309","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127233246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Base Transition Metal Complexes Derived from Drug Together with Biological Potential Study","authors":"Amina Mumtaz, T. Mahmud, M. Elsegood, G. Weaver","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000310","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In the quest for novel treatment against safe life form, the alteration of existing medication by mix to a metal focus has picked up consideration as of late. Thus, metal-based drug is seen as promising alternatives for possible replacement for some of the current drugs. So, we synthesized Schiff base metal complexes in this regard. Materials and Methods: A series of transition metal(II) complexes of new Schiff base were synthesized by the condensation of sulphadizine and 2-carboxybenzaldehyde in ethanol. Results: The Schiff base and transition metal complexes were characterized by using different instrumental techniques like microanalysis, thermogravimetric analysis and spectroscopy. The synthesized ligand and metal complexes were subjected to antibacterial studies. The studies showed the enhance activity of metal complexes against one or more species as compared to the uncomplexed ligand. Conclusions: The data showed that transition metal complexes have significant improved antibacterial activity than parent drug.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129968319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Non-Rigid Image-Registration Algorithms Using DiscrepancyDistance Between Organ Contours","authors":"Y. Saito, K. Tateoka, K. Shima, T. Nakazawa, A. Nakata, T. Abe, M. Yano, K. Fujimoto, M. Someya, Kensei Nakata, M. Hori, M.Hareyama, K. Sakata","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000307","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Non-rigid image registration (NIR) is useful for adaptive radiotherapy. However, no method has been established for evaluating the quality of the algorithms used in NIR. To remedy this situation, we demonstrate herein a novel method to evaluate NIR algorithms. Methods: We define the NIR error as the discrepancy distance between (i) the organ contours obtained from computed tomography (CT) images acquired during the treatment period (reference contours) and (ii) the contours obtained from the treatment-planning CT images that are constructed by automated propagation during the treatment period (evaluation contours). However, the continuous positional relationship between the points where the reference contour intersects the evaluation contour is assumed to be maintained. In addition, we adapt the proposed method so that it can be applied to the contours of complex organs such as spherical and tubular organs. To demonstrate this method, we measure the contours of the prostate, right seminal vesicle, left seminal vesicle, urinary bladder, and rectum. The obtained NIR error presented in two-dimensional (2D) discrepancy maps. Results: The 2D discrepancy maps show the difference between the reference and evaluation contours from CT images. The proposed method measures the difference between the contours of spherical and tubular organs and evaluates the NIR error based on the positional relationship between the points constituting the contours. Conclusions: This study accounts for and measures the continuous positional relationship between corresponding points in the contours of complex-shaped spherical and tubular organs with irregularities and evaluates NIR algorithms based on these organ contours.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131951855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking Action against Anti-Healthcare Violence in China","authors":"Zhiyi Zhang, Weiyan Wang, Yue Zhang","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000E116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000E116","url":null,"abstract":"Medical doctors and nurses are the key endpoints of delivery for our service of medicine and therapy. However, similar to gun violence in the US [1], the virulent anti-healthcare violence (AHcV) has rampaged like a type of \"virus\" in China for a while and is a public healthcare problem worldwide as well. Fortunately, although we lagged behind other countries during the last century, China would now like to catch up with their counterparts in innovation and leadership in many aspects. On August 20, 2016 President Xi, Jin-Ping initiated an action against AHcV in the State Council Congress of China Central Government [2] in that the AHcV is contrary to the health of the people. Like or even better than the US in some aspects, we stand with our relatives, friends, colleagues and patients, and we also learn from the resilience of our community, which has demonstrated the power of a fast-responding and well-organized humanitarian movement to transform our society, our laws and our culture [1]. Hopefully, actions against the AHcV in China will become exemplary in the near future.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130789568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of [177Lu]PSMA-617 Using Carrier Added (CA) 177Lu forRadionuclide Therapy of Prostate Cancer","authors":"Raviteja Nanabala, A. Sasikumar, Ajith Joy, M. Pillai","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000306","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Lutetium-177 labelled PSMA-617 is an emerging radiopharmaceutical for targeted radionuclide therapy of prostate cancer (PCa) and hence there is an interest in the formulation and clinical application of this novel tracer. This paper summarises the studies undertaken to prepare clinical doses of [177Lu]PSMA-617 for therapy of prostate cancer patients. Experimental: [177Lu]PSMA-617 was prepared by reacting 177LuCl3 (5.4 GBq to 15.8 GBq, specific activity 650 MBq/μg to 860 MBq/μg) with 100 μg to 300 μg of PSMA-617 at pH 4.5-5. Radiochemical (RC) yields were estimated by thin layer and paper chromatography. When RC yields were lower than 95% the product was purified using a C18 cartridge which removed unreacted 177LuCl3. Two patients having histopathologically proven PCa and having significant levels of metastasis were given freshly prepared [177Lu]PSMA-617. Results: [177Lu]PSMA-617 could be prepared in high yields using CA low specific activity 177Lu and using modest amounts of ligand. Purification using a C18 cartridge provided the product with high RC purity. The product formed was stable for several days when stored at 4°C. SPECT images acquired post therapy showed that the [177Lu]PSMA-617 accumulated in most lesions identified by [68Ga]PSMA-11 PET-CT imaging. No redistribution of activity accumulated in lesions was seen in images acquired up to 7th day, post therapy. Therapy was well tolerated by the patients with no adverse reaction reported. Conclusion: The studies carried out suggest that therapeutic doses of [177Lu]PSMA-11 could be prepared by using low specific activity, carrier added 177Lu. Clinical studies demonstrated the uptake and retention of the tracer in prostate cancer lesions.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131065829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiotherapy Dose Escalation with Concurrent Chemotherapy ImprovesOutcome in Locally Advanced Cervix Carcinoma","authors":"Hegazy Mw, R. Mahmood, I. Al-Badawi, H. Husaini, B. Moftah","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000304","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To evaluate radiotherapy dose escalation using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) with concurrent chemotherapy in locally advanced cervix cancer (LACC) and compare it with conventional radiation therapy (CRT) in terms of the toxicity and clinical outcomes. Methods and Materials: Data base was reviewed for all LACC patients treated either by conventional radiation therapy or dose escalation volumetric modulated arc therapy, with concurrent weekly Cisplatin 40 mg/m2 followed by high dose rate brachytherapy. The primary and secondary endpoints were toxicity, disease-free survival and overall survival respectively. Results: Of 60 patients, 40 patients received CRT and 20 received VMAT. The median follow-up time in the CRT arm was 47 months (11-89), and 35 months (13-47) in the VMAT arm. Hemoglobin toxicity (Grade I-II) was encountered in 97.5% and 90% (p=0.03) while (Grade I-III) Leukopenia was 90% and 70% (p=0.02), respectively. There was no grade 3 or 4 gastrointestinal or genitourinary (GI or GU) toxicity. At 36 months, disease-free survival was 45% in the CRT group versus 75% in the VMAT group (p=0.03), and overall survival was 65% in the CRT group versus 85% in the VMAT group (p=0.8). Conclusion: VMAT is associated with significantly less toxicity and comparable or even better clinical outcome compared with CRT. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up times are warranted to justify its use in routine clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124641648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser and Its Hazard Potential","authors":"B. Hohberger","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000303","url":null,"abstract":"Laser-induced eye injuries have been reported more and more often in the past years, yet the laser is not a modern invention. Based on stimulated emission, the wavelength, energy dose and pulse duration of the laser are the determining factors for its possible hazard potential. The eye, which is the most vulnerable body part for laser radiation, can be affected. As medical treatment is discussed controversial, a great demand has been put on developing laser protection gear. The present review summarizes the physical basics, clinical findings and therapeutic options of laser-induced eye injuries.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133422630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosimetric Impact of the Jaw-Tracking Technique in Volumetric Modulated ArcTherapy","authors":"B. Park, B. Cho, Jong Hoon Kim, Sang‐wook Lee, S. Ahn, J. Kwak","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000301","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The jaw-tracking technique has been developed to reduce the radiation beam transmission in the regions blocked by multileaf collimator (MLC). The aim of this study is the dosimetric evaluation of the jaw-tracking technique in Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT). \u0000Material and Methods: 31 VMAT cases treated with the jaw-tracking technique were employed and re-planned with fixed jaw to analyze the dosimetric influences of the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) volume. The treatment sites were liver, lung, and pancreas. All plans were optimized and calculated under jawtracking and fixed jaw conditions to cover the prescription dose to 95% of PTV (D95%) using the treatment planning system. The dosimetric verification of the treatment plans, the uniformity of the target dose distributions, the partial volume doses in OARs, and the low-dose volume were evaluated to verify the dosimetric impact of the jaw-tracking. \u0000Results: The jaw-tracking technique appeared to be able to provide some clinical advantages compared to the fixed-jaw technique. The dose uniformities in targets were similar between in jaw-tracking technique and in fixed jaw. It appeared that the jaw-tracking technique could significantly reduce the partial volume dose of OARs, for the kidney (p=0.008) and duodenum (p=0.028) in liver cancer cases, for the esophagus (p=0.015) in the lung cancer cases, and for the normal liver (p=0.005) and kidney (p=0.005) in the pancreatic cancer cases. The low-dose volumes with the jaw tracking technique were calculated to be smaller than those with fixed jaw setup when the effective maximum field dimension were 1.5 cm larger than the equivalent spherical diameter of the PTVs. \u0000Conclusions: The partial volume dose of OARs and the low-dose volume could be significantly reduced by application of the jaw-tracking technique without any adverse effect of the dosimetric parameter for targets in VMAT.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117337224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}