Volume 7: Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Small Turbomachines; Oil & Gas Applications最新文献

{"title":"Nanostructured CVD W/WC Coating Protects Steam and Gas Turbine Blades Against Water Droplet Erosion","authors":"Y. Zhuk","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-80263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-80263","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gas turbine compressor blades operating with air inlet fogging can suffer from Water Droplet Erosion (WDE). WDE can also affect the last rows of steam turbines where expanding steam produces water condensation, especially under start-up and low load conditions. WDE damages the blades’ leading and sometimes trailing edges, increasing turbine rotation drag, reducing efficiency and leading to costly maintenance. This paper reports the testing of Hardide® nano-structured W/WC metal matrix composite coating as a protection against WDE.\u0000 The Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technology crystallizes the coating atom-by-atom from the gas phase and produces a uniform pore-free coating on complex shaped parts like turbine blades, vanes and pump impellers, including non-line-of-sight areas. Two variants of CVD W/WC coatings were tested: “A” type is 50–100 microns thick and has a hardness range of 800–1200 Hv and “T” type is 35–65 microns thick with a higher hardness of 1100–1600 Hv. Both coating types are made of Tungsten Carbide nanoparticles dispersed in metal Tungsten matrix. This composition and structure produce a combination of enhanced fracture toughness with high hardness and enables the deposition of exceptionally thick hard CVD coatings to provide durable protection against WDE and solid particle erosion. The coatings are pore-free thus also provide an effective barrier against corrosion.\u0000 The coatings were tested for WDE resistance by the UK National Physics Laboratory (NPL) using 350 μm water droplets at 300 m/sec velocity. Uncoated 410 SS control samples suffered from a major loss of material after just 7-hours of exposure to WDE, forming a 200 μm deep scar across the whole tested area. After a much longer exposure of 90 hours, the coating samples showed negligible WDE damage, only measurable on the samples’ edges. The coating also outperformed Stellite, which is widely used as WDE protection in the form of welded overlay or plates brazed to the blade’s leading edge. The thicker and less hard type “A” CVD coating showed better performance when compared to the thinner, harder type “T”.\u0000 The effects of the coatings’ thickness, hardness, and residual stresses on the WDE resistance are discussed.\u0000 The rig testing showed that the CVD WC/W coating can protect steam and gas turbine blades against WDE thus increasing the service life of equipment and maintaining its optimal performance for longer, reducing CO2 emissions and cutting the life-cycle costs.\u0000 Hardide coatings are used by major oil service companies, pump and valve producers to improve durability in abrasive and corrosive environments. Airbus has approved Hardide-A coating as a REACH-compliant replacement for Hard Chrome plating on aircraft components. Other customers include BAE Systems, EDF Energy, Leonardo Helicopters and Lockheed Martin. The Hardide coating service is provided from state-of-the-art coating facilities near Oxford (UK) and in Virginia (US). Production and quality control a","PeriodicalId":301910,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Small Turbomachines; Oil & Gas Applications","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125402848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of the Overall Transient Operation of Gas Turbines","authors":"D. Petković, M. Banjac, Srdjan Milic, Teodora Madzar, M. Petrovic, A. Wiedermann","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82250","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Reduction of the start-up time and flexible operation require comprehensive testing and modification of a gas turbine. The cost of this testing can be significantly reduced by using reliable dynamic models to simulate critical regimes without the possibility of damage. This paper describes a dynamic model, called GTDyn, for simulation of the complete transient operation of gas turbines, from start-up to shutdown. In addition to basic transient phenomena, volume packing, and heat soakage, the effects of the tip clearance change on the performance are also included. The performance of the compressor and the turbine are described using steady-state characteristics, while component dynamics are modeled with the conversation laws in the form of ordinary differential equations. The applied component characteristics are calculated using through-flow solvers. A large number of compressor maps are implemented to include adjustments of stator blades and changes in tip clearances. The model is paired with a control system for the regulation of speed/load and turbine exit temperature. For the start-up sequence, a mode with starter assistance is implemented. The developed model was applied for simulating multiple start-ups to analyze the influence of thermal states on machine performance. The numerical results are compared with experimental data for an industrial single-shaft, air-cooled gas turbine. The comparison includes temperatures and pressures at inlet and outlet stations of each component, inlet mass flow, IGV adjustment, fuel mass flow, gas turbine speed, and power. The numerical results for starter power and compressor tip clearance are also presented.","PeriodicalId":301910,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Small Turbomachines; Oil & Gas Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115252163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Innovative Measurement Technique for the Direct Evaluation of the Isentropic Efficiency of Turbocharger Turbines","authors":"S. Marelli, Vittorio Usai, Carla Cordalonga, M. Capobianco","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82463","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Turbocharging plays a key role not only in improving automotive engine performance, but also in reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions for Spark Ignition and diesel engines. In depth experimental investigations on turbochargers are therefore necessary to better understand their performance. The availability of experimental information on realistic turbine steady flow performance is an essential requirement for optimizing engine-turbocharger matching calculations developed in simulation models. This is most evident with regards to the turbine efficiency, as its swallowing capacity can be accurately assessed by measuring the mass flow, inlet temperature and pressure ratio across the machine. In fact, in the case of a turbocharger radial flow turbine, the isentropic efficiency evaluated directly starting from the measurement of the thermodynamic parameters at the inlet and outlet sections can give significant errors. This inaccuracy is mainly related to the difficulty of a correct evaluation of the turbine outlet temperature due to the flow field and the temperature distribution at the machine outlet.\u0000 The purpose of this work is to obtain a reliable measurement of the turbine outlet temperature thanks to a specific device installed before the standard measurement section to dissipate the flow structures dominated by vorticity, thus obtaining a uniform distribution of the flow fields and of temperature to the measurement section. This measurement allows to optimize turbocharger experimental performance implemented in simulation models, obtaining a better control of the after-treatment device generally adopted downstream of the turbine. To this aim, a non-intrusive 3-hole probe was adopted to perform measurement of the flow field, pressure, and temperature downstream the turbine. The main results obtained through the non-standard measurements are compared with those achieved through a direct measurement of turbine outlet temperature by three probes inserted in pipe with a different protrusion. The experimental campaign concerns investigations also developed in almost adiabatic conditions and to be adopted to carry out a realistic measurement of the turbine outlet temperature in a simpler and less time-consuming way.","PeriodicalId":301910,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Small Turbomachines; Oil & Gas Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129143094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD Based Investigation of Effects of Liquid Contamination on Dry Gas Seal Performance","authors":"Abhay V. Patil, Aaron M. Rimpel, R. Kurz","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82572","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Previous studies identified liquid contamination as a major root cause of dry gas seal (DGS) failures and highlighted the need for model development to simulate the liquid-gas interaction and its effect on DGS operation. The current study presents Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based performance prediction of a DGS under single-phase (gas) and two-phase (gas-liquid) flow conditions. The presented numerical model includes the conjugate heat transfer (CHT) analysis for the three pressure conditions at a constant rotational speed. Initial modeling involved the qualification of different turbulent models by analyzing and comparing leakage flow, torque, and temperature distribution. The two-phase CFD model employs the Eulerian approach to predict the oil distribution and modified pressure and temperature predictions. Two-phase flow simulations focused on improving the understanding of oil distribution as a function of droplet size at the imposed inlet volume fraction and the consequential effect on the seal performance parameters. The presence of liquid causes localized pressure and temperature change while flow transitions from the cavity to the seal area. Also, two-phase interaction due to oil presence increases heat generation and consequential temperature rise in the pressure dam region. Overall, the systematic variation in performance parameters with liquid fraction provides greater insight into DGS performance, also laying out a path for establishing an incipient failure mechanism that will be validated in future testing.","PeriodicalId":301910,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Small Turbomachines; Oil & Gas Applications","volume":"52-54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123644241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Off-Design of a Small-Scale Liquefaction Plant Operating With Biomethane","authors":"A. Baccioli, G. Pasini, Gregorio Barbieri, L. Ferrari","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-83222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-83222","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Liquefied natural gas is recently playing an important role in the heavy-duty vehicle and marine fuel market due to the low ambient impact, easy onboard storage, and low commercial prices. Biomethane from biogas upgrading can integrate the LNG market by providing the added value of an almost zero carbon footprint fuel.\u0000 The production rate of biomethane is distributed in various anaerobic digestion plants, and daily amounts are limited to a few tons per day, with a substantial variability depending on digester feed. For this reason, small-scale liquefaction systems are requested to convert biomethane into bio-LNG. The Joule-Brayton reverse cycle is a promising solution for small-scale plants due to its simplicity and ease of regulation.\u0000 The control strategy of this plant is important since small-scale installations are characterized by relatively high specific consumption that might increase when the system is operated in part-load or off-design conditions. For this reason, the comparison between two control strategies is proposed in this study: variable rotating speed control strategy and inventory control are compared and assessed. A steady-state off-design model of the plant was implemented in Aspen Hysys by considering the behavior of all the main system components, including compressors, turbine, intercoolers and aftercoolers, turbine, and cold-box. Typical analytical relations for heat exchanger off-design were considered as well as typical characteristic maps for the fluidmachinery. The two control systems were introduced in the model by implementing the control equations at the steady-state. Results showed that inventory control allows the system to achieve better performance and results to be more flexible. Variable rotating speed control strategy led to surge issues at low small biomethane production and low ambient temperature. By considering a plausible biomethane production profile, inventory control allows the specific consumption to be reduced by 4.3 %, and liquefied biomethane production increases by about 131 t with respect to variable speed control.","PeriodicalId":301910,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Small Turbomachines; Oil & Gas Applications","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121176936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, Atmospheric Testing and Field Operation of a Fuel Flexible Gas Turbine Combustion System for Crude Oil Volatile Organic Compounds","authors":"Thijs Bouten, Nick Gralike, L. Axelsson","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82390","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) evaporate from crude oil due to their volatile characteristics. These VOCs are conventionally vented, thereby contributing significantly to the harmful emission in the crude oil loading, storage and transport on offshore platforms, ships, storage tanks, terminals and shuttle tankers. The VOCs can be captured by a VOC recovery system, thereby reducing the harmful emissions significantly. The heavier fractions (mainly C3+) out of VOCs can be stored as liquid VOC (LVOC). The non-condensable fraction is a surplus gas (SVOC) mainly consisting out of lighter hydrocarbons and inert gases. The composition of LVOC and SVOC significantly varies depending on the type of crude oil. The application of both LVOC is challenging due to the high volatility, high dew point and varying compositions, while the SVOC is challenging because of the high variation in inert gas concentration, which depends on the crude oil level in the cargo tank. This paper will present the development and testing of a new tubular combustion system that can operate on the LVOC and SVOC from a VOC recovery unit as well as on LNG in case the VOC recovery plant is not operational. The challenges of the high variety in fuels are mainly translated in a dedicated fuel nozzle for the low calorific fuel combustor. This novel nozzle allows for stable operation on a wide variety of fuels with limited supply pressure requirements.\u0000 The combustor has been tested in OPRA’s state-of-the-art atmospheric combustor test rig. Hereby various fuels have been supplied. The results presented in this paper focus on the validation of flame stability, operational window, turn down and emissions operating on different mixtures of low calorific gas (SVOC) and high calorific gas (LVOC, propane and natural gas).\u0000 After successful completion of the atmospheric testing, a full-scale engine test has been performed with the OP16 gas turbine in OPRA’s engine test cell. Multiple gensets are installed on shuttle tankers and have been successfully commissioned with the various fuels. Operational experience from these sea trials are discussed. It has been proven that the OPRA OP16 gas turbine can utilize 100% of the VOC emissions recovered from the shuttle tanker, whereby power is supplied to the vessel. This results in a significant reduction of the ship’s emissions.","PeriodicalId":301910,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Small Turbomachines; Oil & Gas Applications","volume":"308 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121291675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Validation of an Improved Lower Emission Additively Manufactured Combustor Pilot Nozzle for F Class Industrial Gas Turbine","authors":"Bryan Kalb, M. Yaquinto, G. Vogel, Ramesh Keshava Bhattu","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82746","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Emerging additive manufacturing technology offers many opportunities for improved design in gas turbine components by enabling optimization of parts that are not manufacturable with conventional methods. The combustion components, for example, require complex fuel and air circuits to achieve best possible mixing and oxidation process for the lowest emissions possible. Thanks to the additive manufacturing, new combustor parts are making a break thru for improved capabilities in fuel flexibility and operating conditions. Also, quick turn around and modularity makes additive manufacturing a key enabler for fast validation of design concepts.\u0000 This paper describes the application of additive manufacturing technology in an F class industrial gas turbine including design, development and validation steps of a combustor pilot nozzle. A systematic design approach was undertaken to examine all aspects of combustion operation and testing, down-selecting the appropriate design, material and to productionize. Experience gained from other additive manufactured production parts as well as testing coupons were leveraged to ensure a robust production process. Combustion atmospheric rig testing was conducted to validate emissions performance. Detailed thermal and structural analyses were performed and validated with testing experience.\u0000 The new design demonstrated a benefit of approximately 50% in start-up emissions as well as improved combustion stability. In addition to the operability benefits, a 50% reduction in cost of the production assembly was realized. A main cost advantage gained with the utilization of additive manufacturing was the reduction in part quantity from 7 individual components down to 1. Constraints typical of conventional manufacturing methods were avoided with the implementation of innovative geometries only achievable by additive manufacturing. In addition to combustor component reduction, the additive process was also leveraged to reduce the total number of fuel circuits in the combustion system, making the installation and control logic more straightforward.\u0000 Several sets were successfully installed in customer’s engines, benefiting from an improved combustor pilot nozzle. Detail of the design and development steps as well as the results of combustion tests are presented and discussed in this paper. It shows that with proper considerations of the additive manufacturing technology, very quick turn-around and implementation of improved combustions solutions can be achieved: less than a year from development to production.","PeriodicalId":301910,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Small Turbomachines; Oil & Gas Applications","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114526913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Compressor and Turbine Operating Range Extension on the Performance of an Electric Turbocharger for Fuel Cell Applications","authors":"S. Lück, Markus Schödel, Marco Menze, J. Göing, J. R. Seume, J. Friedrichs","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82974","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, an electric turbocharger for fuel cell applications is investigated with regards to the extension of both compressor and turbine operating range by means of geometric changes to the turbomachinery components, namely variable nozzle and diffuser vane angles. Therefore, the interaction of the electric turbocharger subsystem with the fuel cell stack is investigated over the full operating range to judge the overall efficiency, system dynamics and stability. Initially, selected options for extending the performance maps of both compressor and turbine are presented and discussed. The numerical methods used for predicting the performance maps are then described. Subsequently, the entire machine is simulated under both steady-state and transient operating conditions using the in-house tool ASTOR (AircraftEngine for Transient Operation Research). Based on the wider operating ranges of compressor and turbine, promising setups are identified and investigated in further detail to select the best choice for the operation of the electric turbocharger. The impact of isolated component modifications is shown initially and substantial improvements of the operating range are shown. The modification of the compressor diffuser leading edge angles in a fixed-geometry diffuser increases the range of covered operating points from 4 to 7 while at the same time improving the compressor surge margin during steady state operation above the required safety margin of 20%. Additionally, the system efficiency can be increased by 0.2%. The application of a positive angle variable nozzle turbine significantly shifts the operating line towards higher mass flows, thus increasing the surge margin especially in the high speed range where the transient effects during deceleration of the machine are the greatest. By applying combined modified compressor with pivoting vanes and and variable nozzle turbine geometry, the operating range can be extended even further. The surge margin can be kept above 20% during the initial critical part of a transient deceleration manoeuvre. Nevertheless, a decrease of 0.5% in overall system efficiency has to be accepted due to the measures.","PeriodicalId":301910,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Small Turbomachines; Oil & Gas Applications","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114778608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full Rejuvenation Heat Treatment of GTD 111DS","authors":"H. van Esch, Stijn Pietersen, W. Greaves, Alex Bridges, J. Scheibel","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-81454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-81454","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Previous studies performed by TEServices, Sulzer and EPRI showed that GTD111 DS metallurgical and mechanical [stress rupture (SR) and low cycle fatigue (LCF)] properties can be restored close to new with and without hot isostatic pressing (HIP) followed by full solution heat treatment (FSHT). Based on this success, a full rejuvenation heat treatment (FRHT) was developed that can obtain GTD 111DS metallurgical condition and mechanical properties which are better than new.\u0000 This paper will show the metallurgical condition differences between new material, partial solution heat treatment (PSHT), FRHT and the related mechanical (SR and LCF) properties. A mechanical test was developed that varied exposure of FSHT and FRHT specimens between stress (SR) and fatigue (LCF) which is especially important for high starts and relatively low hour gas turbine operation.\u0000 This study proved that the FRHT provides superior metallurgical and mechanical properties when compared to FSHT and new GTD 111DS.","PeriodicalId":301910,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Small Turbomachines; Oil & Gas Applications","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121764727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Cycle Fatigue Characterization of Additive Manufactured Specimen With as Printed Surface Roughness Made From Multiple Nickel Based Super Alloys","authors":"Alex Torkaman, Ramesh Keshava Bhattu","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82484","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Additive manufacturing is a transformative technology that can enable advanced designs for gas turbines that are not otherwise possible. While the expansion of design envelope can greatly contribute to improvement in efficiency and fuel flexibility of gas turbines, limitations in material properties can adversely affect durability of additively manufactured components if not properly characterized and accounted for in the design phase. An important consideration for durability of turbine components is the LCF (Low Cycle Fatigue) life, and it is influenced by the surface effects that are characteristic of the layer by layer build process of additive manufacturing. The influence of as printed surface texture on LCF properties of multiple additive manufactured alloys is evaluated in this work as part of a broader incorporation of additive alloys in gas turbines. Hastelloy-X is a commonly produced alloy that is utilized in combustion components, enabling state of the art fuel flexibility and hydrogen combustion. An Inconel-939 derivative alloy has been recently utilized in static turbine components due to its high temperature creep capability and oxidation resistance, resulting in improved cooling efficiency and increased turbine performance. In this paper, specimens with as printed and machined gauge (machined from additive manufactured bars) are produced with both Hastelloy-X and IN939 derivative alloys. Specimens are tested for LCF at multiple temperature and strain range conditions and comparisons between as printed (or rough gauge) versus machined gauge specimen are made to determine influence of as printed surface conditions. Results of the experiments for both alloys are presented in normalized form to evaluate performance of as printed versus machined surfaces at various test conditions. Fractographic analysis is conducted on IN939 derivative failed specimens and the influence of surface roughness on crack initiation at the microstructural level is discussed.","PeriodicalId":301910,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Small Turbomachines; Oil & Gas Applications","volume":"2003 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132998123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}