Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Serum Asprosin Levels in Patients with T2DM in Duhok District, Iraqi Kurdistan Region","authors":"Rawan Taha, D. Sulaiman","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr30273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr30273","url":null,"abstract":"Asprosin was discovered to be an innovative hormone that is complemented in “adipose tissue” as well as is abnormally elevated in human and mice which are resistant to insulin. Nevertheless, data on the contribution of asprosin in the development of DM (T2DM) is still largely missing. Consequently, the main aim of this trial was to compare the serum asprosin concentration in people with T2DM to those of apparently healthy individuals who reside in Duhok district. This investigation was carried out between Sep. 2021 and Jan. 2022 at “Duhok diabetic center in Azadi teaching and Mazi non-government laboratory”. The levels of serum asprosin were measured in 180 participants (90 confirmed as with T2DM and 90 apparently healthy persons). All of the participants' height, weight, and biochemical variables were measured and compared. Biochemical markers including lipid panel, fasted blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, and fasted insulin were analyzed via the “auto-analyzer system termed 6000 series COBASS”. While, the blood’s levels of asprosin were calculated through ELISA assay. The study's data was analyzed using “SPSS”. The mean age of adults with T2DM was (43.93 ± 11.95) and among those who appeared to be healthy was (41.09 ± 11.33). Serum asprosin levels were considerably higher in T2DM patients (17.21 ± 4.61) ng/ml than in healthy control (5.17 ± 2.96) (P value < 0.001). In addition, a strong relation existed among serum asprosin and BMI, TG, TCH, FBG, HbA1c, FI, and HOMA-IR (P value < 0.001), whereas an inverse relationship appeared between serum asprosin and HDL-C (P value < 0.01). This investigation proves that adults with T2DM had higher serum asprosin levels than those who seemed to be healthy. Additionally, in individuals with T2DM, serum asprosin was found to be strongly linked with BMI, FBG, FI, HOMAIR, TCH and TG (P value < 0.01).","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114967289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis with assessment of some Phylogenetic Relationship of Entamoeba histolytica of Iraq and Iran","authors":"A. Meerkhan, Saad Haider, Amir Raziq, Jehan Hussen","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr30280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr30280","url":null,"abstract":"Protozoans of Entamoeba spp. are globally distributed protozoan parasites that infect diverse hosts (human and animals) causing amebiasis with various symptoms ranging from abdominal discomfort, indigestion, diarrhoea, bloody diarrhoea, and even death. Entamoeba histolytica infection may be influenced by different strains which are already existing in our population. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the sequence comparison and geneflow of E. histolytica in Iraq and Iran. For this purpose, all reference sequences recorded from the aforementioned countries and deposited in the National Centre for Biology Information (NCBI) database of the mentioned countries (133 reference sequences, 110 from Iraq and 23 from Iran) were included in this study. After aligning and blasting all these sequences and considering the shared regions, eight unique sequences were obtained. According to the Codon-based Z-test of selections, they vary in degree of difference (p-value 0.05). Some records from the study area approached each other 100% which means that geneflow has occurred in the areas under investigation. Outstanding phylogenetic relationship of Entamoeba histolytica of both Iraq and Iran strains are related together and that is important in the molecular epidemiology aspect of amebiasis as it may influence the clinical and pharmacological orientation of the disease in both countries. Current meta-analysis was done for the first time in that approach in the place this study.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123439586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Oxidative Stress in Pathogenesis and Severity of COVID-19 Infection: Case-Control Study in Iraq","authors":"Herish Sadeq, H. Daabo","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr30270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr30270","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented a significant threat to public health and has rapidly spread across the globe since its outbreak in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Clinical evidence suggests higher oxidative stress in COVID-19 patients, and this worsening redox status may contribute to disease progression. The present study aimed to investigate oxidative stress in patients with mild and severe COVID-19. A case-control study was conducted from September 2021 to January 2022 among eighty-eight COVID-19 patients (male: female, 35:53) and eighty-eight healthy volunteers as the control group (male: female, 53:35) with ages ranging from (18-45) years in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. According to the severity of infection, patients were divided into two groups (mild and severe). Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostaglandin F2 alpha (8-iso-PGF2) were assessed as oxidative stress markers. In addition, serum activity of two main antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were measured. Furthermore, their correlation with the most frequently used laboratory parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer, were investigated. Serum levels of 8-iso-PGF2 and MDA were considerably higher in patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy individuals (p <0.001) and between severe and mild patients (p<0.001). The activity of CAT was greater in COVID-19 group than in controls (p=0.011), but the difference between severe and mild diseases was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). However, SOD activity showed an insignificant difference between control and case groups (p>0.05), as well as between mild and severe groups (p>0.05). Also, a significant correlation was found between oxidative stress biomarkers and laboratory parameters CRP and D-dimer (p<0.001; and p=0.020), respectively. COVID-19 patients show significantly increased oxidative stress parameters. This may play a crucial role in the disease pathophysiology and could be considered as a predictive marker for COVID19 severity.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134366143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of virulence and resistance markers in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Nigerian currency","authors":"K. Otokunefor, Adaeze Onyemelukwe, Belema Agbake, Ngozi Owhoigwe","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr30259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr30259","url":null,"abstract":"Potentially pathogenic bacteria are routinely linked with different currencies worldwide. Not much focus has been on the actual pathogenic potential of these bacteria. This is essential as the risk would depend on whether the bacteria associated with the currency is a commensal or pathogen. This study was therefore aimed at exploring the virulence potential of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from specific Nigerian currency denominations. Presumptive E. coli and S. aureus isolates were obtained from the samples and their identities confirmed genotypically. A total of seven virulence and resistance genes were tested for (aggR, eae, ast, van, cat, pvl, icaA). Three of these were E. coli virulence genes (aggR, eae, ast), two S. aureus virulence (pvl, icaA) and two S. aureus resistance (van, cat). Sixty presumptive E. coli and S. aureus (30 each) were isolated and purified. Of these, 9 (30%) were confirmed as E. coli following genotypic identification and 7 (23%) as S. aureus. An assessment of the virulence potential of E. coli showed 100% detection of the ast gene, 55.6% detection of aggR and 44.4% detection of eae. For S. aureus, a much lower frequency of test genes was found with rates of 41.7%, 16.7%, 16.7% and 8.3% for pvl, icaA, van and cat respectively. This study therefore reports a low frequency of S. aureus virulence genes. The E. coli strains however, rather than being innocuous carry virulence factors. Furthermore, some of these have a known association with mobile genetic elements and hence a capacity to transform harmless commensal strains to pathogens.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134448940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterisation of Carbapenemase-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Hospitalised Patients in Iraq","authors":"Nawal Haji Mahmood, A. Al-Brefkani","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr30261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr30261","url":null,"abstract":"Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has been considered one of the major threats to patients worldwide. To evaluate carbapenemase in several clinical isolates using phenotypic and genotypic approaches. A total of 49 A. baumannii isolates were tested against imipenem and meropenem discs on Muller Hinton agar, then screened phenotypically through the modified Hodge test (MHT), combined disc test (CDT) and modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM). The tested isolates have been subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection to identify some carbapenemase-encoding genes and one insertion sequence. The carbapenem resistance profile showed 96% and 94% resistance to imipenem and meropenem, respectively. MHT and mCIM were able to produce carbapenemase in 94% and 98% of isolates, respectively, while CDT was able to produce metallo-B-lactamase (MBL) only in 59.2% of isolates. The PCR amplification of blaOXA-51 has been observed in all isolates. We found blaOXA-23 in 98% of isolates. Insertion sequence ISAba1 was present in all positive blaOXA-23 strains (98%). A blaVIM gene encoding MBL was present in 71% of isolates, but none of the isolates has been positive for blaKPC and blaNDM. The high rate of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii became a serious threat worldwide. Concerning phenotypic tests, mCIM was the most sensitive compared to MHT and CDT. This study established that blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 have been the most prevalent among class D carbapenemase, and blaVIM among class B carbapenemase. The present study suggests that there might be silent carbapenemase genes in carbapenem-sensitive strains.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114484385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Risk Factors among Married Women in Zakho City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","authors":"Shivan Othman Haydar, I. Naqid","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr30262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr30262","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a leading cause of reproductive tract problems, affecting mostly women of reproductive age group, worldwide. The aim of this study is to detect the infection rate of BV and then evaluate the risk factors associated with this bacterium among married women in Zakho city, Iraq. This cross-sectional study was performed among a 150-reproductive-age women's group from October 2021 till April 2022. The administered and structured questionnaire was designed to measure demographic, risk factors, and clinical characteristics. The vaginal swabs were collected from each subject and used for microscopical examination, including wet mount, vaginal pH, germ tube, and Gram stain methods to analyze the infection rate. The analysis of univariate regression analysis was applied to determine the relationships between BV and associated risk factors and clinical characteristics. The average age of participants was 32.64 years (±8.01 SD). The prevalence of BV was 41 (27.33%) among married women. About 12 (8%) and 1 (0.67%) of participants had mixed infections with Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis, respectively. BV was found mostly among the age group less than 20 years (41.67) followed by age group of 40-50 years (37.93%). We found a higher infection rate among subjects from rural area (34.78%), but statistically not significant (p=0.17). Higher number of births was statistically associated to BV (OR 1.17, 1.006-1.37; p=0.003). BV was also highly associated among symptomatic patients with abnormal vaginal discharges (OR 4.18, 1.89-1.9.23; p=0.002), genital ulcer (OR 0.34, 0.13-0.84; p=0.01), and vaginal pH level more than 4.5 (OR 0.009, 0.002-0.043; p=0.001). BV is still prevalent among married women in our region. The higher infection rate was significantly associated with higher birth numbers, vaginal discharges, genital ulcers, and higher vaginal pH. There is an urgent requirement for regular screening for bacterial vaginosis among symptomatic women. Therefore, the early detection of risk factors associated with bacterial vaginal growth is critical to enhancing the health condition of married women, in order to prevent the risk of BV.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121947364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriological Characterization of Fluoroquinolones-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates During Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. Abdulakreem, N. Yassin.","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr30156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr30156","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections has become more difcult due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Fluoroquinolones have been widely used to treat respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections caused by different bacteria. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate fluoroquinolones resistance and detect ESBL producers in various clinical samples in Duhok Province, Iraq. K. pneumoniae was identied from different clinical samples by conventional microbiological tests. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility was detected by the KirbyBauer disc diffusion method. Out of 120 K. pneumoniae isolates, 73.3% were causing urinary tract infections, in most cases, 74.2% were among females and 25.8% among males, and among those 120 isolates, 76.7% of isolates were from outpatients, and 23.3% were inpatients. The resistance rate among all samples was 52.5%, 36.7%, 33.3%, 33.3%, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin, respectively in urine samples, the resistance to nalidixic acid was 22.5%. Among 120 samples, only 12 isolates were hypermucoviscosity. About 25% of ciprofloxacin and 17.5% of levofloxacin resistances were ESBL producers simultaneously. According to this study, K. pneumoniae is more susceptible to norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and nalidixic acid than ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Additionally, this study establishes a link between ESBL and fluoroquinolone resistance.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116089056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological and Molecular Study of K1, K2 Genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Urine Specimens in Duhok city, Iraq","authors":"Berivan Mohammed Qasim, H. Khalid","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr30157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr30157","url":null,"abstract":"Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of infections, particularly urinary tract infections (UTIs). Urine samples were taken from 800 patients with clinical indications of UTI who visited the inpatient and outpatient clinics from governorate hospitals and private clinics, namely, Azadi Teaching hospital, Duhok Emergency hospital, Heevi Pediatrics Teaching hospital and Vajeen Private hospital in Duhok city. Standard bacteriological methods were used to identify isolated colonies from urine samples cultured on bacterial media.  A species-specific PCR assay was used to identify K. pneumoneae isolates at molecular level PCR assays and capsular type counting of the K1 and K2 genes were detected among 50 K. pneumoniae isolates. The furthermost predominant genes amongst all isolates were K1 gene (12%) followed by K2 gene (8%). This study emphasized on K. pneumoniae as sources of UTIs that displayed to harboring K1 and K2 genes. The goal of this work was to investigate the mucoviscosity of K.  pneumoniae isolated from a urinary tract infection and to screen for certain virulence factor genes such as K1 and K2 genes.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115497642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of IgG and IgM against COVID- 19 for Recovered Patients at Different Intervals and by Different Techniques","authors":"Enass Al Hadidi, Mahmood A. Al-Tobje","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr30152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr30152","url":null,"abstract":"The research aimed to determine the concentrations of IgG and IgM antibodies for different intervals after recovery from Covid-19, namely 4, 6 and 8 months; the research also aimed to identify the accordance between two types of immunity techniques used to identify the existence of antibodies. The results showed the existence of IgG antibodies with a percentage of (94.03%), and IgM antibodies with a percentage of 55.22% in individuals under study when using ELISA technique. The percentages of these antibodies were (86.56%) for IgG and (16.42%) for IgM when using Rapid test cassette in diagnosis; the matching was 67% between the two methods. Samples of the control group also showed the presence of IgG and IgM with percentages of 68% and 88% respectively.The average concentrations of IgG antibodies were 33.05, 43.21 and 37.53 after 4, 6 and 8 months after infection respectively; the peak was at the 6th month after infection. The averages of IgM were 14.45, 18.52 and 19.18 after 4, 6 and 8 months of being infected respectively; the peak was at the 8th month after infection.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126402125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of Hichrome Enterococcus faecium Agar in the Isolation of Enterococcus spp. and other Associated Bacterial Genera from Water","authors":"Reham Abdulrazzaq, Rayan M. Faisal","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr30151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr30151","url":null,"abstract":"Members of the genus Enterococcus are intestinal microorganisms that have been used as indicators for recreational water fecal contamination. They are opportunistic pathogens that have been associated with nosocomial infections, therefore, their isolation and identification is important for proper estimation of their count. Accordingly, this study was conducted to identify the efficiency of Hichrome Enterococcus faecium agar in isolating enterococci to better monitor their presence in recreational water samples. Ten water samples were collected, filtered, and spread on the chromogenic Hichrome Enterococcus faecium agar in an attempt to isolate Enterococcus spp. depending on its ability to grow on this medium and produce color as illustrated by Himedia company. Results showed the ability of this medium to select for Enterococcus spp., however, other non-enterococci genera were also capable of growing on this medium producing different colors that were not mentioned by Himedia company. Interestingly, some of these bacterial colonies were found to be Gram negative. Colonies were diagnosed by VITEK-2 system then further diagnosed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results, showed major differences in diagnosis between the two methods suggesting 16S rRNA gene sequencing for more precise identification. Antibiotic resistance of our environmentally isolated bacteria revealed the threat of antibiotic resistance spread among environmental bacteria with streptomycin being the highly resistant (64.2%) and chloramphenicol being the lowest (35.7%).","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131197839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}