Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Isolation and Diagnosis of Parasites from Domestic Cockroach Periplaneta americana in Mosul city, Iraq","authors":"Sahar Al-Badrani, F. Al-Rubaye, Lubna Abbass","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr502124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr502124","url":null,"abstract":"Cockroaches are the greatest potential mechanical vector of various pathogenic microorganisms, some of which cause serious diseases in humans and domestic animals. The high prevalence of human pathogens carried by the cockroach has been reported in many countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of internal and external parasites parasitizing the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, the effect of the sex of the cockroach and the area of sample collection on The type, number and types of parasites isolated, The current study was conducted for the period from July 2023 until April 2024, A samples of 111 male Periplaneta americana cockroaches were collected from some homes and schools in the city of Mosul. After the samples arrived at the laboratory, by placing them in clean, sterilized tubes in a refrigerator set at -4°C for 10 minutes Subsequently, 10 ml of normal saline solution was added to each tube. The tubes were then vigorously shaken for 5 minutes to dislodge parasites a salt solution was added to centrifuge tubes, which were spun at 2000 rotations per minute for 5 minutes. This mixture was shaken for 5 minutes and then, Cockroaches were dissected to isolate internal parasites The contents of the digestive tract were taken, and the solution was filtered through a mesh. Each sample was prepared by placing a drop of sediment on a glass slide, adding Lugol's iodine dye, and examining it under a microscope. The majority of the samples were infected with one or more types of parasites on their body surfaces and within their digestive tracts, infection rate of 96.40 %. This study involved the isolation and diagnosis of 19 parasitic species, including five types of worms: Ancylostoma duodenale, Leidynema, Strongyloides stercoralis, Hammerschmidtiella male, and Thelastoma. and six types of protozoan parasites, including both active and Nyctotherus ovalis cyst, active and cyst stages of Lophmonas, cyst stage of Entamoeba coli, and Gregarine. and Seven types of eggs, comprising eggs of each of Ancylostoma duodenale, Thelastoma, Leidynema, Strongyloides stercoralis, Hammerschmidtiella , Gryllophila, and in addition to the external parasitic Mite, The highest infection rate was recorded in worms, with 91 out of 111 samples i.e. (81.98% ). This was followed by protozoa, with a rate of 72% out of 80 samples. Finally, external mites, 52 samples i.e. (46.84%). In this study, it was observed that the number of parasites harbored by cockroaches in their digestive tracts exceeds more than that found on their external surfaces. Cockroaches collected from households were found to harbor a greater number of parasites compared to those collected from schools, underscoring the necessity of raising awareness about the dangers of cockroach presence in homes and keeping them away from food sources due to the parasites they carry, which may cause various diseases.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Developments in Promising Hormonal and Non- Hormonal Male Contraceptives: A Review","authors":"Nooralhuda A. Yahya, Farah Noori, Doaa Ibrahim","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr502115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr502115","url":null,"abstract":"New male contraceptive methods would expand male and female contraceptive alternatives and enhance male contraceptive agency. Since 1969, a program for developing contraceptives has been financed by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, which also continues to fund the majority of hormonal male contraceptive development today. Also, the early stages of non-hormonal techniques start to develop. The hormonal male contraceptive methods, include testosterone undecanoate injection plus norethisterone enanthate injection, implants of testosterone plus depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate injection, testosterone enanthate injection, and other testosterone-based methods. The non-hormonal methods, include novel hormone-free substances such as retinoic acid inhibitors, sperm ion channel blockers, and vasal peristalsis blockers. The review provides insights into the efficacy, safety, and potential side effects of each method, and highlights the current state of research and development in the field of male contraception.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"66 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological Assessment of Smartphone Surfaces Obtained from Final Year Students at Hezekiah University Umudi, Nkwerre, Imo State, Nigeria.","authors":"Enobong Effiong, G. Iheanacho, G.V Awari, K.S Iheagwam","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr502118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr502118","url":null,"abstract":"Smartphones of students in tertiary institutions have been described as an understudied and under-explored microcosm by leading public health experts. The microbial quality of smartphone surfaces has been a constant reason for several scientific discussions. Two hundred students were initially targeted for the study, ten students in the final year class at the Hezekiah University Umudi permitted access to their phones during the sampling. The study carried by swabbing the surface of their phones with a normal saline-moistened swab stick using a square quadrant. The content was dislodged and diluted using a 10-fold serial dilution technique. The samples were evaluated for total heterotrophic count, coliform, fungal and Staphylococcal count. The bacterial isolates were tentatively identified using biochemical reactions. The total heterotrophic count of the samples obtained from the male students ranged from Log 2.82 CFU/cm2 to Log 3.21 CFU/cm2 while the total coliform count was observed to range from Log 1.3 CFU/cm2 to Log 1.6 CFU/cm2. The total heterotrophic count ranged from Log 2.82 CFU/cm2 to Log 3.21 CFU/cm2 for male students and from Log 1.6 CFU/cm2 to Log 2.73 CFU/cm2 for female students. The isolates obtained from the study were Acinetobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp. There is a need for the University to educate students on the need to routinely use alcohol-based wipes to clean the surfaces of their phones as a precautionary measure to limit diseases associated with the use of mobile phones.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141680019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Treatment of amyloidosis: A Review","authors":"Safaa Al-Ameen, Rafad Mohammed","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr501113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr501113","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The name Amyloid is derived from the word \"Oid\", which means semi-starch, which is a protein that transforms into the shape or amyloid state when a distortion or a change occurs in its secondary structure as it becomes insoluble, shaped, and assembled as beta folded sheets. The structure of the amyloid protein can be seen by the electronic microscope as a group of non-branched fibers, with unspecified lengths and cross-sections between (7.5–10) nanometers. Also, the distinguished structure (the folded beta sheets) is clearly seen, and this structure is responsible for the unique pigmentation that is shown by the amyloid proteins with the Congo red stain.\u0000","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140430661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, Multiplication and Preservation of Cassava Fermenting Microorganisms","authors":"Nrior Renner, Awari Ginika, Oji Ifeanyi","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr501110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr501110","url":null,"abstract":"In Nigeria, Cassava processing and its associated waste have been a source of worry regarding environmental pollution. Uncontrolled disposal of the waste has contributed to a number of environmental concerns including fluxes in microbial population. However, the liquid wastes squeezed out during the processing of cassava have been discovered to be beneficial. Hence, this study is aimed at the isolation, multiplication and preservation of fermenting microflora associated with cassava wastewater for economic value as well as for environmental sustainability. A comparative analysis of microorganisms found on harvested cassava tubers of length 30cm+ 0.3m, weight +378g and microorganisms associated with the fermentation of cassava tubers was carried out. Freshly harvested cassava tuber samples were collected at Idu Industrial District, Port Harcourt, Nigeria at Latitude: 9.05245 N93'8.8254\" Longitude: 7.34406 E720'38.61672\". The samples were preserved in the refrigerator within 24 hours after collection and transported to the Rivers State University laboratory for microbiological evaluation. Cassava tubers were washed, peeled and cut into 3cm, soaked into 10 liter rubber container containing 1200ml of tap water collected from Mgbuoshimini layout, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. After 5 days of the fermentation process, fermented cassava tubers were mashed and examined using different microbiological parameters. The microorganisms isolated from harvested raw cassava included; bacteria: (Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp, Lactobacillus spp.) and fungi: (Trichosoporon mucoides) while the microorganisms isolated from fermented cassava included: bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Coryrebacterium manihot Bacillus spp, and fungi: (Aspergillus niger and Geotrichum candidum). Preservation of the cassava fermenting microorganisms was carried out using sterile grinded cow bone (calcium carbonate). This study has revealed that the effluent waste associated with cassava processing can be a veritable resource of fermenting microorganisms that can be sold for economic and environmental sustainability purpose.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of Phenol Tainted Industrial Effluent by Exogenous Bacterial Isolates Bio-Mined from Crude Oil Polluted Soil","authors":"Godwin Iheanacho, E. Effiong, Awari V. G., Ibiene A. A.","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr402107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr402107","url":null,"abstract":"Phenol in industrial effluent is a major under-reported pollutant of concern to the aquatic ecosystem. In the current study, the effluent was obtained from Eleme Petrochemical Limited, Rivers State Nigeria. Baseline analyses were conducted to ascertain physico-chemical and microbiological parameters. Exogenous bacterial species were isolated from crude oil polluted in Ogoniland. The inoculum was standardized using the MacFarland approach. About 1% inoculum was seeded into the 100 mL effluent for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus sp, Bacillus tequilensis and consortia. The setup was monitored using Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrophotometry while the acute toxicity was calculated using the Probit method. The acute toxicity of the set-up seeded with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 718.8 mg/L while the consortia had 941.2 mg/L. The phenol residues were reduced by 100% while the 2-nitrophenol was reduced from 5.13 µg/L to 0.82 µg/L on the 10th day of the study. The remarkable reduction of the phenol residues with the use of microbial cultures goes to show the efficiency of locally sourced feedstock as tools for the degradation of pollutants. There is an urgent need for academia to develop robust microbial bio-mining and culture collection centers for futuristic and commercial use.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117134160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Four Plant Extracts on Opportunistic Bacteria: Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Enterococcus faecium","authors":"Ghada A. Mohammad, May Al-Wattar","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr402106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr402106","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of new bacterial species in different infections, such as Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Enterococcus faecium needs materials to get rid of, especially if these materials are of 100% natural origin, however, repeated experiments must be conducted from different materials for the same bacterial species until reaching the target material. The research has investigated about if two nosocomial infective bacteria Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Enterococcus faecium could influence with some plants (Lepidium sativum, Sinapis arvensis, Eruca sativa and Raphanus sativus) belong to the Brassicaceae family which are mainly known containing compounds that are effective in combating pathogenic bacteria, using the disk diffusion method. The result was no inhibition zone around the disks saturated with water and alcoholic extracts separately by all plants against these two bacterial species tested. The authors concluded that these bacteria might have adaptation from previous exposure to their environment. From our result, it is clear that there is a need to test extracts from other plants to resist these two bacterial species, which may pose a health risk, especially since they are previously registered to be resistant to antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121704277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Potable Water Sources in Okerenkoko Community, Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"A. E. I., Eze V.C, Ifeanyi V.O, E. Effiong","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr402103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr402103","url":null,"abstract":"Safety and purity of drinking and cooking water sources in rural and riverine communities like Okerenkoko have posed a challenge for scientific discuss in recent times. Water devoid of both chemical and microbiological contaminants have been identified as a major key to wellness of any populace. In this study, eight potable water sources were obtained and evaluated for the study; the potable water sources obtained were treated to a 10-fold serial dilution and plated for aerobic bacterial, fungal, Salmonella-Shigella and Escherichia coli count. The antibiotics sensitivity testing employed the modified Kirby- Bauer method using the Abtek biological multiple disc. The multiple drug resistance was mathematically deduced using the standards and breakpoints. The NMU and George borehole had 5.8 Log10CFU/ml and 5.4 Log10CFU/ml for the total aerobic bacterial count while the total fungal count were 3.1 Log10CFU/ml and 3.6 Log10CFU/ml respectively. The culturable flora observed during the study were Bacillus sp, Escherichia sp., Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Shigella sp., Proteus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Vibrio sp. Micrococcus sp. and Escherichia coli. The percentage resistance for the antibiotics revealed cefuroxime and ceftazidime had 64%, while nitrofurantoin had 71% and ofloxacin had 36%.  Proteus sp. (1) had an MDR of 1.0, Klebsiella sp. (3) had 0.67 while Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli had a MDR of 0.22 and 0.11. The findings of the study underscores the health challenges associated with the usage of the available potable water sources in Okerenkoko community. There is need for a community-wide campaign and sensitization on some basic water purification approaches as possible corrective actions to improve the quality of water; government must intervene and provide a routine and robust evaluation for both water safety and sanitary quality in rural communities.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122511601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutagenicity Studies of Potable Water Sources in Okerenkoko community, Gbaramatu, Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Bariweni, Isidore Asionye, J. Idomeh, A. P. Onyena","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr401101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr401101","url":null,"abstract":"Mutagenic testing of portable water is fast becoming an important protocol for assessing water quality. Two potable water samples were selected from both ground and surface water sources within the Okerenkoko community, Gbaramatu Kingdom, Delta State Nigeria. Ame’s test was employed in the assessment of potential carcinogens in the potable water available to the community. The study was carried out in triplicate to broaden the reproducibility of the study. Sensitivity of the test organism was evaluated using the Salmonella TA98 and Salmonella TA100 which was reconstituted for the study. The average revertant colonies from the study was enumerated to indicate that the test conducted on S3OK (Surface water) had 428.1 and 637.84 revertant colonies using Salmonella TA 100 for both +S9 mix and -S9 mix-conditions respectively while similar replica result was for Salmonella TA 98 was 629.7 and 66.12 revertant colonies. The samples obtained from S1OK had slightly lower number of revertant colonies of 209.16 and 115.94 colonies for Salmonella T.A 100 while for Salmonella T.A 98 had 116.82 and 108.90 colonies for treatments containing S9 mix preparations. The study identified the test organism was Salmonella T.A 98 was more sensitive to the carcinogen present in the S3OK sample being used by a wide population of indigenes of the lower economic class. This study further buttresses the need to develop a more robust monitoring protocol for packaged water sources in Nigeria. Regulatory agencies such as NAFDAC must enforce strict intervention limits for potable water sources.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120813053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Hygienic Practices and Microbial Quality of Broiler Meat and its Contact Surfaces From Poultry Retail Outlet and Cold Room in Rivers State Nigeria","authors":"N. Omorodion, Precious Dike","doi":"10.38094/jlbsr40195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38094/jlbsr40195","url":null,"abstract":"Poor hygiene and sanitary practices among poultry meat sellers can lead to the contamination of meat. This contamination can occur as a result of contamination from the contact surfaces in the cold room and retail outlet. The aim of the present study was to assess the sanitary quality of Broiler meat and its contact surfaces (apron, butcher hand, butcher table, bowl, butcher knife and weighing scale) in cold room and retail outlet. Swab samples were assessed for total bacteria count, total coliform count, total staphylococcus count and total fungal counts using Standard Microbiology methods. Mean Total viable count of each sample ranged from Log 10 cfu/cm2/g 3.64 to7.94 and 3.14 to 4.75 from the retail outlets and Cold-room respectively. Mean Total Staphylococcus count. of each sample ranged from Log 10 cfu/cm2/g 1.67to 4.67 and 2.01 to 3.87 from the retail outlets and Cold-room respectively. Counts from the retail outlets were significantly higher than counts in the cold room. Organisms isolated included ; Staphylococcus sp, Bacillus sp, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp, Salmonella sp, Aeromonas sp, Pseudomonas sp, Klebsiella sp and Enterobacter sp. Fungi isolated was Aspergillus sp, Saccharomyces sp, Penicillium sp and Rhodotorula sp. Antibiogram was carried out on the isolated organisms it was observed that Klebsiella sp and Enterobacter sp were resistant to most of the antibiotics used. In order to prevent cross-contamination of meat with isolated bacteria, appropriate cleaning and sanitization steps are required. According to the study, meat contact surfaces that were not thoroughly cleaned before usage, could function as a source of cross contamination. It is recommended that meat sellers especially in developing countries need proper education and training on good hygiene practice. Regulating agencies are also advised to ensure strict compliance by meat sellers to safety standards by embarking on routine inspection at retail outlets and market places.","PeriodicalId":300980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116101020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}