ACS Applied Bio Materials最新文献

{"title":"Biocompatible Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Microelectronics: Design, Performance, and Real-Time Applications.","authors":"Karthikeyani Ramesh, Sasirekha Venkidusamy, Ponniah Vajeeston, Ragavendran Venkatesan, Jeyanthinath Mayandi","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01414","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, we demonstrated a cost-effective chia seed-based triboelectric nanogenerator (C-TENG), leveraging the triboelectric properties of chia seeds. The C-TENGs are fabricated with a simple architecture, establishing adaptability, cost effectiveness, and versatility as an ecofriendly harvester of mechanical energy. The C-TENG exhibits open- circuit voltage and short-circuit currents on the order of 501.8 V and 24.5 μA, respectively. Load matching reveals the maximum power density output at a load resistance of 5 MΩ, reaching 290 mW/m². The cycle test over 3400 cycles confirms the C-TENG's stability. Furthermore, its capability to charge capacitors with different capacitances highlights its potential as a biomechanical energy harvester. The prototype device for evaluating the real-time applications demonstrated the C-TENG's, ability to illuminate LEDs, power a calculator, capture kinetic energy during walking, and transducer as an electronic switch. This investigation pioneered the exploration of chia seeds in TENGs, presenting a sustainable and efficient solution for self-powered microelectronic devices. The electron affinity of materials has been analyzed through inter- and intramolecular charge distribution using density functional theory. The direction of charge transfer was estimated through frontier molecular orbital analysis supported by the experimental findings of triboelectrification via contact separation from the molecule to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"8621-8631"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep-Red and Near-Infrared Compact Cyanine Dyes for Sensitive NAD(P)H Sensing in Live Cells and Kidney Disease Tissues.","authors":"Mahmood Norouzi, Adonis Amoli, Yang Zhang, Yan Zhang, Ashlyn Colleen Beatty, Anna Jarvi, Athar Ata, Thomas Werner, Haiying Liu","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01345","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyanine dyes constructed for NAD(P)H near-infrared sensing utilize extended π-conjugation but often exhibit delayed fluorescence responses to NAD(P)H due to reduced positive charge density in 3-quinolinium acceptors. This study introduces deep-red and near-infrared compact cyanine dyes represented by probes <b>A</b> and <b>B</b> for mitochondrial NAD(P)H detection in live cells. Probes <b>A</b> and <b>B</b> feature a unique structural design with a double bond connection linking 3-quinolinium to strategically positioned 1-methylquinolinium acceptor units at 2- and 4-positions, correspondingly. Probe <b>A</b> absorbs at 359 and 531 nm, while probe <b>B</b> absorbs at 324 and 370 nm, emitting subtle fluorescence at 587 and 628 nm, respectively, with no NADH present. Upon NADH exposure, probes <b>A</b> and <b>B</b> exhibit significant emission enhancements at 612 and 656 nm, correspondingly, attributed to the efficient reduction of 3-quinolinium units to electron-donative 1-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline units. Probe <b>B</b>, chosen for its near-infrared emission and fast response to NAD(P)H, effectively monitored dynamic intracellular NAD(P)H levels throughout diverse experimental conditions. In HeLa cells, minimal basal fluorescence increased upon NADH stimulation. It also identified increased NAD(P)H levels following chemical treatments with acesulfame potassium, cisplatin, carboplatin, and temozolomide, CoCl₂-induced hypoxia, and TLR4 activation in macrophages and in disease models of kidney pathology, where diseased tissues exhibited higher fluorescence than normal tissues. In fruit fly larvae under starvation conditions, probe <b>B</b> tracked NAD(P)H increases triggered by exogenous NADH, demonstrating its in vivo applicability for metabolic studies. These findings highlight probe <b>B</b>'s utility in elucidating dynamic NAD(P)H fluctuations in diverse biological contexts, offering insights into mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"8552-8564"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peptide-Based Prodrug Approaches for Cancer Nanomedicine.","authors":"Nisar Ul Khaliq, Laraib Amin, Saad Ul Khaliq, Anam Amin, Samreen Omer, Ihtisham Ul Khaliq, Yejin Kim, Joohyeon Kim, Taeho Kim, Dongseong Seo, Daekyung Sung, Hyungjun Kim","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01364","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peptide-based prodrugs, such as peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), are currently being developed for cancer therapy. PDCs are considered single-component nanomedicines with various functionalities. The peptide moieties provide stability to the PDCs, which self-assemble into nanostructures in an aqueous medium. Several PDCs based on peptide moieties have been developed for targeted cancer therapy, prevention of multidrug resistance (MDR), and theranostic applications. Based on this information, next-level strategies have been developed to deliver therapeutics and diagnostics to tumor tissues. The induction of apoptosis-targeted therapy is a conceptual approach that has evolved. In this context, smart PDCs have been designed and explored to overcome tumor heterogeneity. This review highlights strategies for the targeted delivery of small molecules and theranostic applications. Moreover, a conceptual approach to induce apoptosis-targeted therapy was exploited through the delivery of smart PDC nanomedicines and their composites.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"8163-8176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Effects of Strain-Induced Defect Engineering on the Visible-Light-Driven Photodynamic Performance of Zn₂SnO₄ Nanoparticles Modified by Larger Barium Cations.","authors":"Alaa Kamo, Ozlem Ates Sonmezoglu, Savas Sonmezoglu","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01447","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Waterborne infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms represent serious health risks for humans. Ternary zinc-tin oxide nanoparticles have great potential as a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and efficient candidate for waterborne infections; however, their photocatalytic and antibacterial effects are quite limited due to insufficient visible light absorption and rapid electron-hole recombination. Herein, barium-doped zinc stannate (Ba@ZTO) nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and used for the first time not only as antibacterial agents to prevent the spread of the harmful bacteria <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i> but also as photocatalysts to degrade the organic pollutant rhodamine B. Unexpectedly, Ba²⁺ ions exhibited compressive stress behavior instead of the predicted tensile stress when inserted into the ZTO crystal lattice, playing an active role in increasing oxygen vacancies within the crystal lattice and in the formation of hydroxyl radicals in the bulk solution and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) radicals, significantly improving the photocatalytic and antibacterial properties. Strain-induced defects created by the insertion of larger barium ions into the ZTO lattice promote the increase of shallow traps for boosting photocatalytic/disinfection properties while suppressing deep-level traps that encourage nonradiative recombination. In essence, defect and strain engineering opens a promising route to achieve high disinfection efficiency by inducing larger cation ions under visible light in oxide-based materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"8656-8670"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium Cross-Linked Cellulose Nanofibrils: Hydrogel Design for Local and Controlled Nitric Oxide Release.","authors":"Marcos Mariano, Narges Naseri, Diego Magalhães Do Nascimento, Lidiane Franqui, Amedea Barozzi Seabra, Aji P Mathew, Juliana Silva Bernardes","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01169","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitric oxide (NO) holds promise for wound healing due to its antimicrobial properties and role in promoting vasodilation and tissue regeneration. The local delivery of NO to target cells or organs offers significant potential in numerous biomedical applications, especially when NO donors are integrated into nontoxic viscous matrices. This study presents the development of robust cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hydrogels designed to control the release of nitric oxide (NO) generated <i>in situ</i> from a NO-donor molecule (<i>S</i>-nitrosoglutathione, GSNO) obtained from the nitrosation of its precursor molecule glutathione (GSH). CNF, efficiently isolated from sugar cane bagasse, exhibited a high aspect ratio and excellent colloidal stability in water. Although depletion forces could be observed upon the addition of GSH, this effect did not significantly alter the morphology of the CNF network at low GSH concentrations (<20 mM). Ionic cross-linking with Ca²⁺ resulted in nontoxic and robust hydrogels (elastic moduli ranging from 300 to 3000 Pa) at low CNF solid content. The release rate of NO from GSNO decreased in CNF from 1.61 to 0.40 mmol. L^-1·h^-1 when the nanofibril content raised from 0.3 to 1.0 wt %. The stabilization effect monitored for 16 h was assigned to hydrogel mesh size, which was easily tailored by modifying the concentration of CNF in the initial suspension. These results highlight the potential of CNF-based hydrogels in biomedical applications requiring a precise NO delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"8377-8388"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoplastic Molding of Silk-Curcumin Sustainable Composite Materials with Antibacterial Properties.","authors":"Arjak Bhattacharjee, Sara Rudolph, David L Kaplan","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c00950","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.4c00950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural protein generated from the <i>Bombyx mori</i> silkworm cocoons. It is useful for many different material applications. Versatile aqueous process engineering options can be used to support the morphological and structural modifications of silk materials related to tailored physical, chemical, and biological properties. Conventional solution-based processing methods, while effective, present process control limitations, thus, thermoplastic molding of regenerated SF-based composites was pursued to fabricate dense, functionalized plastics consisting of silk and curcumin. Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i>) was incorporated into SF during the high-temperature processing, with the objective to investigate composite thermoplastics with enhanced biological properties from the curcumin due to the protective role of silk during processing. The results showed that a significantly higher amount of curcumin (∼25-fold) could be added into thermoplastic molded silk materials compared with the solution route, attributed to the hydrophobicity and low solubility of curcumin in solution-based routes. The curcumin-incorporated silk thermoplastics provided stability in acidic environments like the human gut, and slow curcumin (∼2% over 8 days) release from the materials. The protective silk-curcumin materials supported improved cytocompatibility with immortalized human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells at high doses. The intestinal epithelial barrier integrity based on zonula occluden 1 (ZO-1) testing showed that the higher amount of curcumin in the thermoplastic molded silk had no negative effects on the intestinal barrier. The functionalized silk-based plastics also displayed microwave stability and antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-positive <i>S. aureus</i> and Gram-negative <i>E. coli</i>. These silk-based sustainable plastics, functionalized with curcumin, offer potential utility for a range of consumer and medical devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"8272-8280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injectable and Degradable Zwitterionic Cryogels as Cancer Vaccine Platforms to Prevent Cancer Recurrence after Surgery.","authors":"Xinxin Luo, Haifeng Ni, Jie Lu, Jie Feng, Xiaozhou Mou, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01557","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer has become a highly prevalent disease and poses serious threats to human health. Conventional cancer treatments still face high risks of recurrence. Training the immune system to recognize and eliminate tumors via external stimulation, such as vaccines, emerges as a promising approach for cancer prevention and treatment. However, injectable vaccines may have limited immune activation, causing difficulties in maintaining long-term immune surveillance of tumorigenesis by tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. Here, degradable zwitterionic cryogels were prepared using the cryogelation technique. The cryogenic preparation maintained the biological activities of tumor antigens and immune adjuvants loaded in the cryogels. The macroporous structure endowed the injectability of cryogels into the body via conventional syringes. In the presence of proteases, the cryogels degraded, allowing sustained release of antigens and adjuvants, ensuring continued dendritic cell (DC) recruitment and antigen presentation to maturing tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. <i>In vivo</i> experiments demonstrated that the cryogel cancer vaccines elicited robust immune activation and effectively modulated tumor microenvironments. The combination with photothermal therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth, showing great potential for preventing postoperative recurrence. Additionally, the zwitterionic cryogels were biocompatible without obvious toxicities during degradation. The cryogels could serve as effective vaccine platforms to prevent cancer recurrence after surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"8696-8708"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Printing of Biocompatible and Antibacterial Silica-Silk-Chitosan-Based Hybrid Aerogel Scaffolds Loaded with Propolis.","authors":"Akbar Vaseghi, Majid Sadeghizadeh, Marc Herb, Daniela Grumme, Yan Demidov, Torsten Remmler, Hajar Homa Maleki","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c00697","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.4c00697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study is to design a therapeutic enhanced three-dimensional (3D) silk fibroin (SF)-based scaffold containing propolis (Ps)-loaded chitosan (CH) nanocarriers. To this aim, we initially synthesized a hybrid gel-based ink by a synergistic sol-gel and self-assembly approach and then processed the resulting gels by microextrusion-based 3D printing followed by supercritical drying to obtain 3D hybrid aerogel scaffolds. Ps was utilized to enhance the final scaffold's bactericidal efficacy and cell responsiveness. For the synthesis of the scaffold, two Ps loading methods (in preprint and postprinting steps) were investigated in order to optimize the Ps drug quantities in the scaffold and maximize the antibacterial properties of scaffold. In the postprinting Ps loading step, the hybrid silica-oxidized SF (SFO)-CH hydrogel ink was 3D printed into a construct with an interconnected porous structure, and then, Ps was loaded into the printed construct. In the preprint loading method, PS was incorporated into the SF and a hydrolyzed silane solution prior to gelation. The morphological studies demonstrate that the addition of Ps encapsulated CH nanoparticles (NPs) into the hydrogel solution improved the porosity of the developed scaffolds. The rheological analysis of the designed gel ink with and without Ps loading and the release kinetics were studied. The antimicrobial results show that the Ps-loaded scaffolds in the postprinting step exhibited superior antibacterial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) strains compared to a preprinted Ps-loaded scaffold. Direct and indirect <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity tests also confirmed the designed Ps-loaded scaffold biocompatibility toward a mouse fibroblast (L929) cell line. We demonstrated that the scaffold formulated by propolis-loaded chitosan NPs can enhance the migration and proliferation of L929 fibroblast cells. The obtained results prove the promise of the designed 3D printed silica-SFO-CH-Ps scaffolds as a potent 3D scaffold to mediate tissue regeneration but also as an antibacterial highly porous matrix to support wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"7917-7935"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Sensor with Tunable Conjugation Efficiency for Highly Sensitive Detection of Superoxide Anion in Tumors.","authors":"Wenyi Liao, Yueyuan Pan, Jiaxin Fu, Xiang Sun, Xi Zhou, Miao Wang, Lihuang Li, Lei Ren","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01558","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.4c01558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Superoxide anion (O₂^•-) is a highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) within tumor cells, and its abnormal concentrations can lead to various diseases such as cancer, inflammation, and premature aging disorders. Here, we obtained a series of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) systems that can be used for sensitive and specific detection of O₂^•- by varying the type and reaction time of quantum dots (QDs) and combining them with different concentrations of recombinant aequorin. Among them, the recombinant aequorin-conjugated CdTe/CdSe QDs had the highest conjugation efficiency as the Aeq-QD BRET sensor, which has a remarkable energy transfer efficiency of 35.6% and an extremely low limit of 4 nM for detecting O₂^•-, which exceeds traditional chemiluminescence detection relying on coelenterazine. The applicability of this sensor for assessing tumor oxidative stress levels was also validated in diverse cell types and cancer mice. This study effectively contributes to the field of cancer research and tumor oxidative stress biology based on O₂^•- sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"8709-8717"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folate-Mediated Targeting and Controlled Release: PLGA-Encapsulated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Delivering Capecitabine to Pancreatic Tumor.","authors":"Abhay Dev Tripathi, Yamini Labh, Soumya Katiyar, Anurag Kumar Singh, Vivek K Chaturvedi, Abha Mishra","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.4c00019","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.4c00019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discovery of specifically tailored therapeutic delivery systems has sparked the interest of pharmaceutical researchers considering improved therapeutic effectiveness and fewer adverse effects. The current study concentrates on the design and characterization of PLGA (polylactic-co-glycolic acid) capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN)-based systems for drug delivery for pH-sensitive controlled drug release in order to achieve a targeted drug release inside the acidic tumor microenvironment. The physicochemical properties of the nanoformulations were analyzed using TEM, zeta potential, AFM, TGA, FTIR, and BET analyses in addition to DLS size. The final formed PLGA-FoA-MSN-CAP and pure MSN had sizes within the therapeutic ranges of 164.5 ± 1.8 and 110.7 ± 2.2, respectively. Morphological characterization (TEM and AFM) and elemental analysis (FTIR and XPS) confirmed the proper capping and tagging of PLGA and folic acid (FoA). The PLGA-coated FoA-MSN exhibited a pH-dependent controlled release of the CAP (capecitabine) drug, showing efficient release at pH 6.8. Furthermore, the <i>in vitro</i> MTT test on PANC1 and MIAPaCa-2 resulted in an IC₅₀ value of 146.37 μg/ml and 105.90 μg/ml, respectively. Mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis was confirmed from the caspase-3 and annexin V/PI flow cytometry assay, which displayed a cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Overall, the results predicted that the designed nanoformulation is a potential therapeutic agent in treating pancreatic cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"7838-7851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140287535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}