ACS Applied Bio Materials最新文献

{"title":"Study on Enzymatic Degradation of Polycaprolactone-Based Composite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications.","authors":"Christian Buckley, Felicia Giordano, Rana Ibrahim, Matangi Parimala Chelvi Ratnamani, Yelu Zhao, Hongjun Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c01203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c01203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To address the slow degradation rate of polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications, particularly when rapid removal is needed to mitigate unwanted immune reactions, lipase has been employed to accelerate scaffold degradation. However, it remains unclear whether the presence of other polymeric materials in PCL composites, particularly those that are hydrophilic, would affect the degradation process. In this study, discs of composite materials composed of PCL blended with selected commonly used additives (gelatin, collagen, and poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid)) (PLGA) at two weight ratios (3:1 and 2:1, w/w) were prepared and then studied for their degradation kinetics in response to exogenously added lipase. Time-dependent degradation of composite discs was closely monitored by mass loss and morphology change. Notably, the inclusion of gelatin, collagen, or PLGA into PCL affects PCL degradation, showing different degradation rate constants. During exposure to lipase, the composite materials exhibited distinct morphology changes, which were closely correlated with their wettability due to the hydrophilic additives. Furthermore, lipase-enabled PCL degradation of cell-laden composite scaffolds also affected prolonged cell adhesion to the scaffolds in a concentration-dependent manner. In summary, a detailed understanding of lipase-aided degradation of PCL composite materials would offer the opportunity to better design scaffolds for applications in tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peptide-Functionalized Selenium Nanoparticle-Based Effective Delivery System for Src-Targeting siRNA in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.","authors":"Uday Suryakanta, Bijayananda Panigrahi, Swatilekha Das, Dindyal Mandal","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c01486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c01486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>siRNA technology represents a promising approach in RNAi-based gene therapy due to its unique ability to silence target-specific genes implicated in life-threatening diseases, such as cancer. However, developing an effective nucleic acid delivery system remains challenging due to its limitations, such as enzymatic degradation, poor cellular internalization of nucleic acids, and cytotoxicity of the delivery vehicles, which are considered to be critical factors for clinical translation. Herein, we developed peptide-functionalized selenium nanoparticles to address this issue. In this study, eight short linear peptides (LP) primarily composed of tryptophan and arginine residues were designed for the one-pot synthesis of peptide-capped selenium nanoparticles (LP-SeNPs). The synthesized LP-SeNPs were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. Among the SeNPs, LP5-SeNP showed the highest siRNA loading capacity and protection against 25% serum. Flow cytometry analysis indicated significant cellular uptake of FAM-siRNA with 23-24% of the cell population when delivered using LP1-SeNP and LP5-SeNP, respectively, compared to control FAM-siRNA. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the cytosolic localization of SeNP/siRNA complexes. Cell viability assay revealed that LP5-SeNP and the LP5-SeNP/siRNA complex did not exhibit any cytotoxicity at their experimental concentration. Further, Western blotting analysis exhibited that the LP5-SeNP/Src siRNA complex could efficiently down-regulate ∼70% Src protein expression in triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231. The cellular uptake mechanism revealed that LP5-SeNP/siRNA most probably followed the macropinocytosis pathway for successful internalization of the complex into TNBC cells. In summary, the designed peptides can generate stable peptide-coated SeNPs, which may unveil a new therapeutic strategy for siRNA therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator after transvenous lead extraction: safety, efficacy and outcome.","authors":"Enrico Giacomin, Pasquale Valerio Falzone, Pietro Bernardo Dall'Aglio, Raimondo Pittorru, Manuel De Lazzari, Riccardo Vianello, Emanuele Bertaglia, Vincenzo Tarzia, Sabino Iliceto, Gino Gerosa, Federico Migliore","doi":"10.1007/s10840-022-01293-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10840-022-01293-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) is a suitable alternative for transvenous ICD (TV-ICD) patients who have undergone transvenous lead extraction (TLE). Limited data are available on the outcome of S-ICD patients implanted after TLE. We assessed the safety, efficacy, and outcome of S-ICD implantation after TLE of TV-ICD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study population consisted of 36 consecutive patients with a median age of 52 (44-66) years who underwent S-ICD implantation after TLE of TV-ICD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Indications for TLE were infection (63.9%) and lead malfunction (36.1%). During a median follow-up of 31 months, 3 patients (8.3%) experienced appropriate therapy and 7 patients (19.4%) experienced complications including inappropriate therapy (n = 4; 11.1%), isolated pocket erosion (n = 2; 5.5%), and ineffective therapy (n = 1; 2.8%). No lead/hardware dysfunction was reported. Premature device explantation occurred in 4 patients (11%). Eight patients (22.2%) died during follow-up, six of them (75%) because of refractory heart failure (HF). There were no S-ICD-related deaths. Predictors of mortality included NYHA class ≥ 2 (HR 5.05; 95% CI 1.00-26.38; p = 0.04), hypertension (HR 22.72; 95% CI 1.05-26.31; p = 0.02), diabetes (HR 10.64; 95% CI 2.05-55.60; p = 0.001) and ischemic heart disease (HR 5.92; 95% CI 1.17-30.30; p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provides evidences on the use of S-ICD as an alternative after TV-ICD explantation for both infection and lead failure. Mortality of S-ICD patients who underwent TV-ICD explantation does not appear to be correlated with the presence of a prior infection, S-ICD therapy (appropriate or inappropriate), or S-ICD complications but rather to worsening of HF or other comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"1399-1407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12436517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40614263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Has low-dose intracoronary thrombolysis gained ground in primary percutaneous intervention?","authors":"Rasha Kaddoura, Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim, Abdul Rahman Arabi","doi":"10.1177/00033197221138725","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00033197221138725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reducing thrombus burden would improve patient's outcomes. Low-dose intracoronary thrombolytic agent administration has been considered to improve myocardial microcirculation, cardiac function, and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and high thrombus burden. This paper discusses published meta-analyses on intracoronary thrombolysis in primary percutaneous intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"906-907"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40665492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyaluronic Acid Microgels as Sequential Drug Delivery Systems.","authors":"Michael Alexander Maier, Maria Isabell Pieper, Andrij Pich","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c01272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c01272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precise delivery of drugs is essential for improving medical treatment outcomes and minimizing side effects. While there have been advancements in preparing drug delivery systems that release their payload in response to specific stimuli, challenges remain in creating carriers, capable of taking up multiple substances and releasing them in sequence. However, this approach could facilitate synergistic effects and reduce the dosing frequency. In this work, we synthesized hyaluronic acid microgels and investigated their suitability for sequential release of multiple compounds. We modified hyaluronic acid with methacrylate groups (6/15/30/60 mol % of HA repeating units), which allow for cross-linking. These precursors were dissolved in water at a concentration of 50 mg mL^-1, and microgels within a size range of 114-250 μm were formed via droplet-based microfluidics. After detailed characterization of the polyanionic microgels, we examined the loading of three cationic (model) drugs: doxorubicin, methylene blue, and besifloxacin. Release was investigated under varying conditions (pH and ionic strength), revealing a rapid burst release within a few hours in a physiological environment. We then examined the loading of larger, fluorescently labeled biomolecules, which remained trapped within the polymeric network under similar conditions. Sustained release over several days was achieved through enzymatic degradation of the microgels using hyaluronidase. Afterward, we loaded both types of payload, drug and biomolecule, into the microgels and released them in sequence. We show that release profiles can be controlled by varying enzyme concentration or the microgels' cross-linking density. Our approach facilitates the sequential delivery of two substances and paves the way toward more effective treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid-Extruded PEGylated Liposomes of Repurposed Sorafenib for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Mechanistically Enhanced Nanoplatform with Improved In Vivo Pharmacokinetics and Targeted Biodistribution.","authors":"Avinash Pawar, Ekta Pardhi, Neelesh Kumar Mehra","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c01119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c01119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sorafenib Tosylate (SRT), a multikinase inhibitor originally approved for several solid tumors, has been repurposed for potential application in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) due to its multitargeted antitumor mechanisms. However, its clinical use is limited by poor aqueous solubility, low and variable oral bioavailability, rapid systemic clearance, and dose-limiting toxicities. To address these challenges, this study aims to develop SRT-loaded PEGylated liposomes prepared by solvent evaporation followed by a hydration method and optimized using a Box-Behnken design. A lipid extrusion process was employed to reduce vesicle size and enhance uniformity, yielding an average vesicle size of 104.5 ± 4.0 nm, a low PDI of 0.097 ± 0.004, and a high entrapment efficiency of 82.5 ± 2.2%. Comprehensive characterization confirmed successful encapsulation and crystalline-to-amorphous transition of SRT. In vitro evaluation demonstrated a controlled and sustained release profile, with PEGylated liposomes releasing 70.89 ± 4.9% over 48 h, compared to 96.8 ± 3.1% free SRT within 12 h. In vitro cytotoxicity assays on MDA-MB-231 cells showed enhanced anticancer activity (IC₅₀ reduced from 35.63 ± 4.6 to 18.25 ± 1.8 μg/mL for 24 h), increased cellular uptake, ROS generation, and mitochondrial depolarization with PEGylated liposomes. Hemolysis assays confirmed excellent hemocompatibility, supporting the safety of intravenous administration. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies revealed a 5.6-fold increase in half-life and a 10.8-fold rise in AUC for PEGylated liposomes, alongside reduced hepatic and renal toxicity. Biodistribution studies demonstrated lower off-target organ accumulation, indicating improved circulation and stability. Overall, the lipid-extruded PEGylated liposome formulation overcomes key delivery limitations of SRT and offers a potent, safe, and effective platform for TNBC therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theranostic Polyaniline-Integrated <i>N</i>-Acetyl-l-Cysteine Hydrogel for Synergistic Photothermal Antibacterial Therapy and Enhanced Cell Migration.","authors":"Karthikeyan Laxmanan, Hwarang Shin, Jihye Jo, Sivakumar Bose, Priya Ranganathan, Seung Yun Nam, Hyun Wook Kang","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial infections continue to pose a significant global health challenge, highlighting the urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches that combine antibacterial efficacy with photothermal treatment modalities. In this study, we report a theranostic multifunctional hydrogel (APQ@NH), comprising Asiatic acid (AA)-doped polyaniline (PANi) loaded with quercetin (Q), and incorporated into an <i>N</i>-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC)-based hydrogel matrix, for <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial and photothermal applications. The APQ@NH hydrogel exhibits excellent rheological stability and controlled, sustained drug release behavior, ensuring prolonged antibacterial activity. Upon near-infrared 808 nm laser irradiation, the APQ@NH hydrogel effectively generates localized hyperthermia, facilitating membrane disruption and enhancing the intracellular delivery of antibacterial agents. The photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of APQ@NH was calculated to be 21.7% under 808 nm laser irradiation, confirming its effective photothermal capability. This synergistic system exhibited potent antibacterial activity against both <i>Escherichia coli (E.coli)</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) , resulting in substantial bacterial eradication. Additionally, <i>in vitro</i> studies confirmed the hydrogel's ability to promote cell migration, further supporting its potential for wound healing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autocatalytic Hydrolysis of Degradable Polyester Microspheres for Long-Lasting Release of BMP-2 Immunomodulates Bone Regeneration In Vitro.","authors":"Weihua Huang, Lijing Hao, Shuai Huang, Weikang Xu","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c01435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c01435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Degradable polyester microspheres are commonly utilized in bone tissue engineering due to their excellent biocompatibility and controlled drug-release profiles. While poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres offer rapid degradation but lack sufficient mechanical strength for prolonged implantation, polycaprolactone (PCL) microspheres, with their slower degradation rate and hydrophobic nature, are less suitable for short-term drug-release applications. In this study, PLGA-based degradable polyester microspheres were modified by introducing mesoporous calcium silicate (MCS) with a high specific surface area of 623.59 m²/g and a pore volume of 1.81 cm³/g and PCL and loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The self-catalytic hydrolysis of composite microspheres (BMGACL) enables sustained and controlled BMP-2 release over 98 days, supporting the entire bone regeneration process. Additionally, mesoporous calcium silicate enhances the microspheres' mechanical properties, providing effective structural support for bone defects. Compared to other groups, BMGACL microspheres significantly promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Notably, the BMP-2 released by composite microspheres can regulate macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype through multiple signaling pathways including cGMP-PKG and TGF-β. In an immune microenvironment enriched with M2-associated macrophages, this process induces BMSCs to express osteogenic genes. Simultaneously, it enhances the deposition of bone formation markers such as alkaline phosphatase (AP) and calcium nodules, with levels reaching 3.7 times and 20.5 times higher than those in the control group, respectively. In summary, this study proposes an efficient biodegradable polyester drug-loaded microsphere system that holds promise for advancing clinical translation of bone defect repair materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mimicking Design Scaffolds Based on Nonwoven Biological Materials of Silk Cocoon for Soft Tissue Engineering at the Bone Interfacial Area: Structure, Morphology, and Performance Evaluation Based on In Vitro Testing, and Identification of Applied Biomaterials.","authors":"Jutakan Thonglam, Thongchai Nuntanaranont, Xiangdong Kong, Jirut Meesane","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c01184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c01184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The malformation of soft tissue engineering at the bone interfacial area is a critical problem for surgery. Mimicking design scaffolds based on nonwoven biological materials were created for soft tissue engineering at the bone interfacial area. Silk cocoons were cut into small pieces before degradation by lysozyme at 0 (untreated), 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks (Mimic-SC0, Mimic-SC1, Mimic-SC2, Mimic-SC3, and Mimic-SC4, respectively). The molecular structure of degraded silk cocoons was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Wettability was tested using the contact angle, while the mechanical properties were tested using the mode of tensile force. The silk cocoons were cultured with L929 fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. Fibroblast response was tested with cell proliferation and attachment, H&E staining, and Masson staining. Osteoblast response was tested with cell proliferation and attachment, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and osteocalcin (OCN). Mimic-SC1, Mimic-SC2, Mimic-SC3, and Mimic-SC4 showed amide I mobility and low regular structural formation. All samples showed multilayered fibrous structures with dense inner and loose outer zones. Mimic-SC1, Mimic-SC2, Mimic-SC3, and Mimic-SC4 had fibers of smaller size than Mimic-SC0. Mimic-SC3 and Mimic-SC4 showed higher wettability than the others. Mimic-SC1, Mimic-SC2, Mimic-SC3, and Mimic-SC4 exhibited higher toughness and flexibility than Mimic-SC0. Mimic-SC1, Mimic-SC2, Mimic-SC3, and Mimic-SC4 exhibited better fibroblast cell adhesion along with higher proliferation than Mimic-SC0. All samples showed cell migration into the deeper layer on day 10. Mimic-SC4 had cell adhesion with continuous regular alignment and dense organization on its surface. Mimic-SC4 exhibited collagen accumulation connected to the layer of cell adhesion. Mimic-SC1, Mimic-SC2, Mimic-SC3, and Mimic-SC4 exhibited higher osteoblast proliferation, ALP activity, and OCN levels than Mimic-SC0. Our research deduced that Mimic-SC4 shows promise in soft tissue engineering at the bone interfacial area.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review Molecular Origami Classical DNA Folding Principle Empowering Modern Nanobiotechnology.","authors":"Sameera Shabnum Saleem, Siranjeevi Ravichandran, Susmitha Ravichandran, Krishna Raj Chinnadurai, Anbalagan Saravanan, Sundaram Vickram","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c01094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c01094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DNA origami has become a transformative tool in nanotechnology, providing a robust and programmable method for fabricating highly ordered nanostructures with unparalleled accuracy. This article offers a thorough examination of the present state of DNA origami, first with an introduction to its origins and importance, and subsequently addressing the essential principles that dictate its design and folding processes. Multiple manufacturing methodologies and optimization tactics are examined, emphasizing innovations that improve structural complexity, stability, and functionalization. The study explores the many uses of DNA origami in biomedicine, sensing, drug delivery, and nanorobotics, highlighting its significant potential. Notwithstanding its potential, the analysis highlights significant problems like elevated manufacturing costs, restricted structural stability under physiological settings, scaling concerns, and integration difficulties with other nanomaterials. The future possibilities of DNA origami are examined, highlighting continuous advancements and multidisciplinary collaborations focused on addressing existing limits and converting this technology into useful, real-world applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}