ACS Applied Bio Materials最新文献

{"title":"Zein/HP-β-CD Nanoparticles for Theaflavins Encapsulation: Enhanced Stability, Sustained Release, and Protective Activity Against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage","authors":"Xiaobo Zuo,&nbsp;Xiufang Yang,&nbsp;Junhao Kong,&nbsp;Ting Xie,&nbsp;Jianwei Li,&nbsp;Changyu Zhang,&nbsp;Danyan Shen,&nbsp;Jiangli Fan","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.6c01550","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.6c01550","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Theaflavins (TFs), the major bioactive polyphenols in black tea, possess potent antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities, but their practical application is severely limited by poor chemical stability and low bioavailability. To overcome these drawbacks, we engineered zein/cyclodextrin composite nanoparticles to enhance the stability and bioactivity of TFs. Among three cyclodextrins including β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), the Zein/HP-β-CD formulation was optimal, yielding a particle size of 137 nm, a polydispersity index as low as 0.06, an encapsulation efficiency of 96.7%, and robust colloidal stability under various pH, temperature, and ionic strength conditions. Structural analyses confirmed the formation of spherical amorphous nanocomposites stabilized by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Compared with free TFs, Zein/HP-β-CD@TFs nanoparticles exhibited superior antioxidant activity with a DPPH radical scavenging rate of 79.5% and a 3-fold lower IC₅₀ for tyrosinase inhibition. In ultraviolet (UV) B-irradiated HaCaT cells, the nanoencapsulated TFs increased cell viability from 64.1% to 87.7%. In a zebrafish whitening model, the nanoparticles achieved 35.0% melanin inhibition at a total mass concentration of 0.025%, which was 1.4-fold higher than that of free TFs at the same concentration, while also exhibiting a 4-fold higher safety margin with a maximum tolerated concentration of 0.1% compared with 0.025% for free TFs. These findings demonstrate that Zein/HP-β-CD nanoparticles serve as an effective delivery platform by establishing a structure–activity relationship linking molecular interactions to enhanced bioactivity, improving the stability, bioavailability, and health-promoting functions of TFs for cosmetic and nutraceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"9 21","pages":"10358–10373"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149214769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox-Active Nanoceria Integrated with Glucose Oxidase for Glucose-Triggered Metformin Release: Promising Nanocarrier for Managing Oxidative Stress and Hyperglycemia in Diabetes Pathophysiology","authors":"Bhaben Sharmah,&nbsp;Nazim Uddin Afzal,&nbsp;Hiranmoy Barman,&nbsp;Mir Ekbal Kabir,&nbsp;Adarsh Thapa,&nbsp;Shreeram Pandit,&nbsp;Subir Biswas,&nbsp;Arup Roy,&nbsp;Prasenjit Manna","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.6c01724","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.6c01724","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Development of a glucose-responsive drug delivery platform remains a promising strategy for self-regulated treatment of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we developed a multifunctional nanocarrier system for the glucose-sensitive delivery of metformin (Met) based upon amine-functionalized nanoceria (NC-NH₂) coupled with glucose oxidase (GOx) and capped with dextran. Nanoceria's inherent ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) was made possible by its nanozyme feature, and GOx converts glucose into gluconic acid, and thereby causing drug release in a glucose-responsive manner. Drug release was controlled by the dextran shell, which served as a biocompatible gatekeeper. Under hyperglycemic conditions, the synthesized nanocarrier (NC-GOx-Met-Dex) demonstrated regulated, glucose-triggered metformin release with little release at normoglycemic levels. NC-GOx-Met-Dex showed good structural stability under physiologically simulated circumstances, selective glucose-dependent drug release kinetics in cell-free, in vitro, and ex vivo systems, and promising cellular uptake in muscle cells without causing any cytotoxicity. NC-GOx-Met-Dex enhanced glucose uptake, glucose utilization and translocation of glucose transporter protein (GLUT4) compared to the metformin-alone-treated group in palmitic acid-treated (PA, 0.75 mM) muscle cells. Further in vivo studies showed that compared to metformin alone-treated group, the nanocarrier group showed remarkable glycemic management, improvement of insulin levels, and increased metformin bioavailability in muscle tissues in animal models of diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, NC-GOx-Met-Dex gavaging to untreated animals did not cause any abnormal behavior or adverse effects, and levels of hepato-renal biomarkers, as well as blood cell profiling, were comparable to the untreated group. In general, this research provides a viable strategy for personalized diabetes therapy through the use of a dual and multifunctional nanosystem capable of responding to hyperglycemia while preventing oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"9 21","pages":"10509–10524"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aloe-Emodin Interaction Study with Human Telomeric G-Quadruplex DNA under K+ and Na+ Conditions","authors":"Priya Kumari,&nbsp;Manish S. Sengar,&nbsp;Kumud Pandav,&nbsp;Ritu Barthwal,&nbsp;Surat Kumar,&nbsp;Arvind K. Singh Chandel","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.6c01554","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.6c01554","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aloe-emodin (AED), a naturally occurring anthraquinone, was examined for its interaction with two model human telomeric G-quadruplex systems: wHTel26 adopting a hybrid-2 topology in K⁺-containing buffer and HTel22 adopting an antiparallel basket topology in Na⁺-containing buffer. UV–visible absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy showed concentration-dependent changes consistent with AED association with both G4 models. The apparent binding constants varied among the analytical techniques, spanning approximately 10³ M^–1–10⁵ M^–1, reflecting the distinct optical and conformational observables monitored by each method and the non-linear nature of the titration profiles. The limited wavelength shifts and preservation of the major CD signatures were consistent with a non-intercalative interaction, although the precise binding geometry and stoichiometry could not be resolved. AED produced an apparent thermal stabilization of approximately 14 °C for wHTel26 under the tested K⁺ condition, whereas no comparable stabilization was observed for HTel22 under the tested Na⁺ condition. Because the systems differed simultaneously in sequence, flanking residues, topology, and cation, this difference cannot be attributed solely to the ionic environment. Docking generated plausible AED association poses was used only as supportive, hypothesis-generating evidence. AED also reduced MCF-7 metabolic viability with an estimated IC₅₀ of 18.82 µM; however, telomerase inhibition and intracellular G4 target engagement were not investigated. Thus, establishing sequence- and cation-controlled G4 selectivity and confirming intracellular target engagement remain important challenges. Future studies employing matched-sequence/cross-cation comparisons, direct cellular G4-target engagement, and telomerase-based mechanistic assays will be required to establish the molecular and biological significance of AED–G4 interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"9 21","pages":"10374–10390"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149101003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biopolymer Silica Hybrids as Superior Nanocarriers for Anticancer Drug Delivery","authors":"Sumiya Iqbal,&nbsp;Shaista Ilyas,&nbsp;Aya A. Ezzat,&nbsp;Menna Hassan,&nbsp;Samar Mansour,&nbsp;Sanjay Mathur","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.6c01527","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.6c01527","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Liposomal carriers are widely used for anticancer drug delivery due to their biocompatible nature in the biological milieu. Liposome-based drugs often face premature leakage, uncontrolled release, and insufficient control over long-term drug availability. Here, we present poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-coated mesoporous silica nanocarriers (PLGA–mSiO₂, polysilomes) as an efficient and stable alternative to PEGylated liposomes. Such hybrid transporters are capable of efficiently encapsulating both hydrophilic [doxorubicin (DOX)] and hydrophobic [tamoxifen (TAM)] drugs. Investigation on drug loading, release kinetics, cellular uptake, and therapeutic response confirms the superior drug encapsulation and delivery of polysilomes efficiently. In liposomes, TAM was localized within the lipid bilayer, whereas DOX was actively loaded into the aqueous core through a transmembrane pH gradient. While this architecture enabled coloading, liposomes showed rapid drug release and pronounced cytotoxicity. In contrast, the core–shell structure of PLGA–mSiO₂ polysilome carriers retained hydrophilic DOX within the mesoporous silica core and hydrophobic TAM within the PLGA shell. This compartmentalization ensures higher encapsulation efficiencies of both DOX (77.3%) and TAM (60.5%), with loading capacities of 59.3 and 50.4%, respectively. The PLGA–silica interface is a degradable diffusion barrier, enabling pH-responsive sustained release under acidic conditions. Moreover, PLGA–mSiO₂ showed enhanced cellular uptake in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and prolonged (up to 144 h) suppression of cell viability. These results present PLGA-coated mesoporous silica nanocarriers as a promising alternative to liposomal delivery by converting rapid drug release into sustained therapeutic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"9 21","pages":"10343–10357"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Mode Spatial Confinement of GOx/HRP Tandem System in Orderly-Assembled Metal–Organic Framework@Smart Polymer Enzyme Reactors for Glucose Detection","authors":"Bowen Zhou,&nbsp;Shidi Zhang,&nbsp;Juan Qiao,&nbsp;Li Qi","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.6c01883","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.6c01883","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The transition of metal–organic framework and polymer from random assembly to ordered spatial organization in enzymatic tandem systems is critical for enhancing cascade catalytic performance. Herein, thermo-responsive poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)-block-poly(<em>N</em>-isopropylacrylamide) (PSMN) was designed and employed to integrate UiO-66-NH₂ (U) with glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase (GOx/HRP), constructing orderly-assembled U@PSMN@GOx/HRP, random assembled U_p-PSMN@GOx/HRP and PSMN@GOx/HRP enzyme reactors with spatial confinement. The thermo-responsive conformational transition of flexible PSMN, together with the structural restriction imposed by covalently integrated rigid U, cooperatively established a more ordered spatial confinement space around GOx/HRP. At 37 °C, the <em>K</em>_cat value of U@PSMN@GOx/HRP was 83.2-fold higher than that at 15 °C, while, 155.5- and 130.1-fold higher than those values of PSMN@GOx/HRP and U_P-PSMN@GOx/HRP, respectively. The enhanced cascade catalysis was further translated into sensitive glucose detection, affording a broad linear range of 2.0–1200.0 μM and a detection limit of 0.67 μM, together with reliable analytical performance in orange fruits. This study provides strategy for coupling stimuli-responsive polymer yielded confined space with orderly-assembled MOFs@polymer@enzyme induced confinement to enhance enzymatic cascade catalysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"9 21","pages":"10547–10553"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149219637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive Manufacturing of Metabolically Active Living Materials with Enhanced Biocontainment","authors":"Henrique Sepúlveda Del Rio Hamacek,&nbsp;Shannon Daily,&nbsp;LeAnn Le,&nbsp;Sadia Khalid,&nbsp;Pirjo Spuul,&nbsp;Petri-Jaan Lahtvee,&nbsp;Alshakim Nelson,&nbsp;Rahul Kumar","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.6c01394","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.6c01394","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Additive manufacturing of engineered living materials (ELMs) enables the spatial patterning of living cells or organisms within three-dimensional (3D) polymer matrices. However, effective biocontainment, defined as the ability to retain cells within 3D-printed matrices during the application period, remains a key limitation for ELMs requiring physical confinement. While synthetic biology provides cell-specific biocontainment strategies, materials-based approaches can enable generic cell retention capabilities. Therefore, we applied a materials-based strategy that combines pre-printing formulation development and post-printing processing to increase the retention of yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> in Pluronic F127-bisurethane methacrylate (F127-BUM) hydrogels. F127-BUM precursor solutions were formulated with the comonomers methacrylic acid (MAA) and/or 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), extrusion-printed, UV-cross-linked, and immersed in 70 vol % ethanol for 60 or 300 s before cultivation. Comonomer addition preserved dimensional fidelity, thermoresponsiveness, and shear-thinning behavior for 3D printing. After immobilization and cross-linking, DMAEMA and higher concentrations of MAA considerably reduced yeast viability, whereas a 70–80% viability was observed for 0.03 and 0.06 mol L^–1 MAA. With 0.06 mol L^–1 MAA and 300 s ethanol immersion, the yeast retention time reached 98 ± 12 h, which was approximately 48% longer than that of the correspondingly treated F127-BUM-only control and represented about a 465% increase relative to the untreated F127-BUM-only control. After ethanol immersion, a peripheral growth-free zone developed around a metabolically active core, enhancing cell retention and contributing to delayed cell escape. The selected MAA-containing ELMs remained metabolically active and showed nearly 38% higher apparent glucose-to-ethanol conversion than treated F127-BUM-only controls. The suspension cultures fermented faster and achieved higher yield. Our method achieved enhanced biocontainment, with an operational window of about 4–5 days. In conclusion, we demonstrate that combining pre-printing and post-printing processes can enhance biocontainment for different ELM applications. We suggest the integration of this method with synthetic-biology strategies to further extend biocontainment duration for metabolically active living materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"9 21","pages":"10277–10296"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MSC-Integrated CuPB-BTB Coaxial Nanofibrous Scaffold for pH-Responsive Infection Monitoring and Antibacterial-Regenerative Wound Therapy","authors":"Drishya Prakashan,&nbsp;Shatabdi Kristi Borgohain,&nbsp;Amarnath Chellachamy Anbalagan,&nbsp;Shilpa N Sawant,&nbsp;G Taru Sharma,&nbsp;Sonu Gandhi","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.6c01499","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.6c01499","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The healing process of chronic wounds is often hindered by recurring bacterial infections, inflammation, and inadequate tissue regeneration, which necessitates the development of innovative dressing materials capable of both infection detection and treatment. Herein, we report the development of a coaxial nanofiber scaffold made up of PCL-gelatin integrated with copper-doped prussian blue nanoparticles (CuPB), bromothymol blue (BTB), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for concurrent pH-sensitive detection of infection, drug delivery, and tissue regeneration. The coaxial architecture allowed compartmentalized integration of functional elements within the scaffold while preserving its biomimetic fibrous structure for wound dressing application. The release of CuPB nanoparticles, which serve as the source of the antibacterial copper component, imparted antibacterial properties, while BTB facilitated visual colorimetric detection of infection-associated pH changes, allowing real-time monitoring of wound status. The addition of the MSCs further augmented the regenerative potential of the scaffold through the paracrine mediated modulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. <em>In vitro</em> assessment indicated the cytocompatibility, MSC compatibility, and hemocompatibility of the scaffold, with hemolysis less than 2%. <em>In vivo</em> assessment revealed that MSC-loaded CuPB-BTB coaxial nanofibers promoted wound healing more efficiently than the control group. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses further revealed improved tissue organization, enhanced angiogenesis as evidenced by VEGF expression, and increased α-SMA associated tissue remodeling. Hence, this multifunctional scaffold represents a promising theranostic wound dressing capable of integrating infection monitoring, antibacterial action, and MSC-mediated tissue regeneration for chronic wound management.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"9 21","pages":"10329–10342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149242113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"iRGD-Functionalized Graphene–Silver Nanohybrids for Enhanced Blood–Brain Barrier Transport and Tumor Penetration in Glioma Models","authors":"Vianni Chopra,&nbsp;Jocelyn Alexandra Gómez Siono,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Fajardo Barocio,&nbsp;Gaurav Chauhan","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.6c00709","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.6c00709","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Efficient drug delivery across both the tumor microenvironment and the blood–brain barrier (BBB) remains a major challenge in glioblastoma therapy, where dense cellular architecture and endothelial restriction severely limit treatment efficacy. Here, we report the rational design of a multifunctional nanoplatform, Dox[iRGD-GO@AgNP], integrating graphene oxide (GO), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and a cyclic iRGD tumor-penetrating peptide to enhance doxorubicin (Dox) transport, tumor penetration, and intracellular delivery. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization confirmed successful synthesis, surface functionalization, colloidal stability, and efficient drug loading. In two-dimensional C6 glioma cell monolayers, cyclic iRGD-functionalized nanohybrids demonstrated significantly enhanced intracellular Dox accumulation compared to free drug and nontargeted controls. These effects were further amplified in three-dimensional glioma spheroids, where Dox[iRGD-GO@AgNP] achieved deep tumor penetration (&gt;80 µm) and more homogeneous intratumoral distribution. Enhanced delivery translated into superior therapeutic efficacy, as evidenced by reduced cell viability, increased membrane damage, upregulation of apoptosis-related markers (p53 and caspase-3 &amp;9), and pronounced morphological disruption confirmed by fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy. To evaluate endothelial transport, a Transwell-based bEnd.3 BBB model was established and validated by transendothelial electrical resistance measurements and tight junction imaging. Cyclic iRGD-functionalized nanohybrids exhibited significantly enhanced transendothelial transport while preserving BBB integrity, indicating ligand-mediated transport rather than nonspecific barrier disruption. Importantly, improved BBB traversal resulted in increased drug accumulation in downstream glioma cells and spheroids. These composites showed anti-angiogenic properties in ovo CAM model. Overall, this study integrates rational nanocomposite design with a hierarchical in vitro evaluation framework spanning material characterization, tumor-relevant 2D and 3D models, and BBB transport. The Dox[iRGD-GO@AgNP] platform addresses key delivery and efficacy barriers in glioblastoma and provides a translationally relevant strategy for the development of BBB-penetrating nanotherapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"9 21","pages":"10129–10151"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple-Session Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia: Augmented MNPs Penetration Led to Complete Eradication of Hetero-Multicellular Breast Tumor Spheroids via Apoptosis","authors":"Tushar Patel,&nbsp;Gaurang Gajjar,&nbsp;Kaid Johar,&nbsp;Kinnari H. Parekh,&nbsp;Neeraj Jain","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.6c00915","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.6c00915","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is an emerging localized cancer therapy that uses magnetic nanoparticles to selectively induce 42 to 45 °C mild hyperthermia within tumor tissues under alternating magnetic field to kill cancer cells. Despite encouraging clinical outcomes in glioblastoma and prostate cancer, the broader clinical translation of MFH across various tumor types remains limited by heterogeneous nanoparticle distribution, inconsistent tumor heating, and the frequent use of poorly predictive preclinical two-dimensional (2D) cultures. These conventional cultures fail to recapitulate the structural and stromal complexity of solid tumors and often overestimate therapeutic efficacy. In an attempt to recreate the cellular heterogeneity of clinical breast tumors to some extent, we developed a hetero-multicellular spheroid of breast cancer by co-culturing breast adenocarcinoma cells MCF-7, with non-cancerous murine fibroblasts McCoy. This approach generated heterospheroids that mimic certain key features of the breast tumor microenvironment, including heterogeneous cell population, fibroblast activation, collagen-rich extracellular matrix deposition, and the spatial arrangement of proliferative, quiescent, and necrotic cells. Following histologic validation, the hyperthermic potential of poly(acrylic acid)-coated Mn_0.9Zn_0.1Fe₂O₄ nanoparticle-based magnetic fluid on the heterospheroids was assessed under a 10 kA/m magnetic field strength and 332 kHz frequency. A single-session MFH inhibited heterospheroid growth and induced apoptosis; however, it did not significantly ablate the spheroids. Subsequently, two MFH sessions led to the complete elimination of the spheroids, accompanied by pronounced apoptotic activity. These findings suggest that repeated MFH can overcome thermotolerance, thereby augmenting therapeutic potential against stromal-rich breast tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"9 21","pages":"10195–10208"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Layer-by-Layer Rotated Scaffolds with Enhanced Cell Seeding for SERS-Based Assessment of Chemotherapy Resistance","authors":"Lara Troncoso-Afonso,&nbsp;Malou Henriksen-Lacey,&nbsp;Patricia González-Callejo,&nbsp;Maialen Zelaia Amilibia,&nbsp;Daniel Mejia-Parra,&nbsp;Camilo Cortés Acosta,&nbsp;Pablo S. Valera,&nbsp;Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,&nbsp;Luis M. Liz-Marzán,&nbsp;Clara García-Astrain","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.6c00470","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.6c00470","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of advanced three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for cancer modeling and drug screening remains a critical need in biomedical engineering. Most 3D printed scaffolds for cell growth focus on a tessellated design involving sequentially deposited printed fibers. Although this design offers a high degree of flexibility in scaffold dimensions, including fiber width and inter-fiber spacing, continuous voids in the <em>Z</em>-axis require additional methods to avoid cell sedimentation to the underlying substrate such as the incorporation of support materials. In this work, we present a modified design strategy based on the rotation of the internal infill pattern between successive layers. This strategy yields tessellated scaffolds that significantly improve cell retention and spatial cell distribution with no need for additional support matrices. Using this optimized design, we developed a 3D breast cancer model to investigate chemotherapeutic resistance by comparing MDA-MB-231 cells and their corresponding cancer stem cells, under paclitaxel treatment. The incorporation of gold nanorods in the scaffold matrix allowed us to perform real-time, in situ drug monitoring via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing. These tessellated plasmonic scaffolds enable the evaluation of chemoresistance by tracking differential drug accumulation in 3D.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":"9 21","pages":"10107–10115"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}