Zhe Zhang, Hui Zheng, Jindian Fan, Yitong Wang, Yushan Zhu, Kelsang Norbo, Lin Wu, Bo Du, Qingying Zhang, Dexin Kong
{"title":"In Silico Identification and Verification of the Anticancer Mechanism of TMBM-010 from <i>Oxytropis herba</i> with a Rational Delivery System Design.","authors":"Zhe Zhang, Hui Zheng, Jindian Fan, Yitong Wang, Yushan Zhu, Kelsang Norbo, Lin Wu, Bo Du, Qingying Zhang, Dexin Kong","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients diagnosed with gastric cancer often face poor prognoses and limited treatment options. Current therapies remain limited, resulting in significant adverse effects and suboptimal outcomes. Network pharmacology analysis suggests that TMBM-010, a natural compound, holds the potential to modulate key pathways in cancer progression. Through network pharmacological analysis, we identified the anticancer mechanisms of TMBM-010, including ROS induction, DNA damage, apoptosis, and inhibition of DNA repair pathways. To enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of TMBM-010, we developed TMBM-010-loaded nanoparticles (TNPs) and biomimetic nanoparticles (TNPs@RGD-CM) coated with gastric cancer cell membranes and RGD ligands. TNPs@RGD-CM demonstrated high stability, excellent biosafety, and a controlled release profile. In a gastric cancer xenograft model, TNPs@RGD-CM significantly improved the bioavailability, increased ROS generation, and enhanced anticancer effects. Our findings demonstrate that TNPs@RGD-CM augment TMBM-010's bioactivity <i>in vivo</i>, effectively targeting cancer cells and suppressing tumor-promoting pathways. These results suggest that TNPs@RGD-CM represent a promising nanomedicine strategy for gastric cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ensi Liu, Shuai Cheng, Qiannan Zhao, Sen Lin, Xifan Mei
{"title":"Injectable, Self-Healing, Superadhesive PVA Hydrogels Promote Skin Wound Healing by Regulating the Inflammatory Microenvironment.","authors":"Ensi Liu, Shuai Cheng, Qiannan Zhao, Sen Lin, Xifan Mei","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrophage cells are crucial in the inflammatory and proliferative phases of skin injury. The key to skin regeneration lies in controlling the immune response triggered by macrophages. The current treatment methods for skin defects include scar healing, skin grafting surgery, and skin flap repair surgery. The healing time is too long and cannot be cured for a long time, which seriously endangers the health and quality of life of patients. The hydrogel developed by predecessors has promoted the healing of skin defects by providing a moist environment for the wound surface. A hydrogel wound dressing with self-healing and adhesive qualities can offer enhanced protection to the wound and extend the material's lifespan. This study developed a high-adhesion, injectable, and self-healing hydrogel using PVA. The Northern Schisandrin B (NSB) were trapped within PVA hydrogels (PVA.gel). Due to the presence of PVA gel, which provides strong adhesion and anti-inflammatory properties to NSB, it addresses the issue of NSB solution not adhering to the wound surface, thus ensuring continuous action on the wound surface. During in vitro experiments on wound healing, the hydrogel has the ability to adhere to the wound's surface, thereby improving the healing process. The NSB.PVA.gel is capable of persistently suppressing inflammation to manage the inflammatory milieu in long-term wounds, ensuring a seamless shift from the inflammatory stage to the proliferation stage. The NSB.PVA.gel, known for its efficacy, safety, and ease of use, is capable of meeting a variety of clinical requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yonghui Liu, Zongqian Ren, Yu Zhao, Dong Wan, Jie Pan
{"title":"Codelivery of Cell Apoptosis AVPIAQ Peptide and Doxorubicin for Synergistic Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Yonghui Liu, Zongqian Ren, Yu Zhao, Dong Wan, Jie Pan","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional combination chemotherapy, which utilizes noncovalent bonding for self-assembly and encapsulation for drug loading and delivery, faces challenges in clinical application. The development of combination chemotherapy systems that enable multiple drugs to be contained within a single molecule to achieve synergistic therapy is an innovative concept for cancer treatment. In this study, a polymeric micelle named mPEG-GFLGAVPIAQDEVD-DOX&DOX was constructed through the covalent linkage of two chemotherapy drugs of doxorubicin (DOX) and the pro-apoptotic peptide SMAC (AVPIAQ) and then using the thin-film hydration method. The micelle can be specifically recognized by cathepsin B within cancer cells, leading to the cleavage of the peptide GFLG. This action facilitates the shedding of mPEG, thereby enhancing the efficiency of micelle uptake by cells. Upon internalization, the micelles release the encapsulated DOX, thereby promoting apoptosis and activating Caspase-3, which in turn cleaves the peptide DEVD. This process accelerates the release of DOX, thereby enhancing the efficacy of tumor cell killing. Subsequently, the pro-apoptotic peptide SMAC was exposed, which bonded to inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and inhibited their antiapoptotic activity, thereby accelerating tumor cell apoptosis. SMAC plays a key role in apoptosis by alleviating the inhibitory effect of IAPs on Caspase-3, allowing DOX and SMAC to act synergistically on tumor cells as cocktail therapy, achieving a double-killing effect, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy against tumors. These results indicated that the dual-drug polymer micelles prepared can significantly enhance antitumor therapeutic efficacy and reduce their side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taylor E Escher, Simseok A Yuk, Yuan Qian, Wenan Qiang, Sultan Almunif, Swagat Sharma, Evan A Scott, Karla J F Satchell
{"title":"Expression of a RAS Degrader via Synthetic Nanocarrier-Mediated mRNA Delivery Reduces Pancreatic Tumors.","authors":"Taylor E Escher, Simseok A Yuk, Yuan Qian, Wenan Qiang, Sultan Almunif, Swagat Sharma, Evan A Scott, Karla J F Satchell","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00179","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Therapeutic gene expression can address many of the challenges associated with the controlled delivery of intracellularly active biologics, such as enzymes that degrade RAS for the treatment of RAS-driven cancers. Here, we demonstrate that an optimized synthetic nonviral gene delivery platform composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>b</i>-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-PPS) can block copolymers conjugated to a dendritic cationic peptide (PPDP2) for nontoxic delivery and therapeutic expression of mRNA within human pancreatic cancer cells and tumors. The naturally occurring bacterial enzyme RAS/RAP1-specific endopeptidase (RRSP) is a potent RAS degrader that specifically targets all RAS isoforms. Using PPDP2, <i>rrsp</i>-mRNA is delivered to human pancreatic cells, resulting in RRSP protein expression, degradation of RAS, and loss of cell proliferation. Further, pancreatic tumors are reduced with residual tumors lacking detectable RAS and phosphorylated ERK. Using structural modeling, we further demonstrate that a noncatalytic RAS-binding domain of RRSP provides high specificity for RAS. These data support the notion that the synthetic nanocarrier PPDP2 can deliver <i>rrsp</i>-mRNA to pancreatic tumor cells to interrupt the RAS signaling system.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Theranostic <sup>177</sup>Lu-Labeled Polymeric Nanoparticles (<sup>177</sup>Lu-PNPs) for the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer.","authors":"Hsin-Hua Hsieh, Shih-Po Su, Yang-Hsiang Chan, Huihua Kenny Chiang, Yi-Jang Lee, Chun-Yi Wu","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents the development of <sup>177</sup>Lu-labeled polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) for theranostic applications in head and neck cancer, utilizing both near-infrared II (NIR-II) and SPECT imaging for targeted delivery and monitoring. The PNPs were surface-modified with ethylenediamine and chelated with DTPA to enable <sup>177</sup>Lu radiolabeling, achieving a radiochemical yield of 15.4% ± 3.2% and high purity (>95%). The radiolabeling process preserved the size distribution and optical properties of PNPs, facilitating their use in NIR-II imaging, which confirmed effective tumor delivery with peak uptake at 24 h postinjection. Photothermal therapy (PTT) combined with <sup>177</sup>Lu-PNPs significantly enhanced tumor uptake and therapeutic efficacy, as shown by tumor growth suppression and extended survival in treated mice. Importantly, mice receiving the <sup>177</sup>Lu-PNPs-PTT combination therapy exhibited minimal toxicity, as indicated by stable body weight and unaltered organ histology on H&E staining. These findings demonstrate the potential of <sup>177</sup>Lu-PNPs as a safe and effective multifunctional platform for imaging-guided photothermal-radionuclide cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Ali Dheyab, Azlan Abdul Aziz, Wesam Abdullah, Saleh T Alanezi, Wasan Hussein Kasasbeh, Firas Fohely, Pegah Moradi Khaniabadi, Mahmood S Jameel, Nazila Oladzadabbasabadi, Mehran Ghasemlou
{"title":"Engineering Colloidal Nanozymes for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy: From Surface Chemistry to Catalytic Mechanisms and Precision Medicine.","authors":"Mohammed Ali Dheyab, Azlan Abdul Aziz, Wesam Abdullah, Saleh T Alanezi, Wasan Hussein Kasasbeh, Firas Fohely, Pegah Moradi Khaniabadi, Mahmood S Jameel, Nazila Oladzadabbasabadi, Mehran Ghasemlou","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colloidal nanozymes, enzyme-mimetic nanocatalysts with tunable catalytic activity, are revolutionizing cancer diagnosis and therapy by integrating catalytic precision with biomedical functionality. Their ability to regulate redox homeostasis, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and modulate tumor microenvironments provides a foundation for targeted therapeutic interventions, while their intrinsic catalytic properties enhance biosensing and imaging for early cancer detection. However, the rational design of nanozymes remains a challenge, particularly in optimizing their catalytic efficiency, biocompatibility, and specificity for tumor-selective reactions. This review explores how surface chemistry, interfacial engineering, and catalytic mechanisms dictate nanozyme activity, stability, and interactions with biological systems. We critically analyze the fundamental catalytic mechanisms peroxidase-like, oxidase-like, catalase-like, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like reactions driving nanozyme applications in cancer therapy, as well as their role in biosensors, imaging probes, and theranostic platforms for early cancer diagnosis. Additionally, we examine cutting-edge surface modification strategies, including atomic dispersion, ligand coordination, and defect engineering, to enhance nanozyme selectivity and reduce off-target effects. By integrating fundamental catalysis with translational biomedical applications, this review establishes a comprehensive framework for advancing nanozyme-based diagnostics and therapeutics in precision oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kameel Zuniga, Marc Thompson, Preeti J Muire, Nicholas Clay, S L Rajasekhar Karna, Logan Leatherman, Rebecca Lopez, Tao You, Krystle Harm, Jerod Brammer, Joseph Wenke, Robert Christy, Christine Kowalczewski
{"title":"Development and Characterization of a Collagen-Based Three-Dimensional In Vitro Model to Mimic Biofilm Formation in a Wound Bed.","authors":"Kameel Zuniga, Marc Thompson, Preeti J Muire, Nicholas Clay, S L Rajasekhar Karna, Logan Leatherman, Rebecca Lopez, Tao You, Krystle Harm, Jerod Brammer, Joseph Wenke, Robert Christy, Christine Kowalczewski","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current studies using in vitro biofilm culturing systems have been instrumental at elucidating wound biofilm formation but fail to account for the diverse environment that bacteria are exposed to within the host. In the current study, we recapitulated this wound biofilm microenvironment by creating a hydrogel composed of collagen, thrombin, fibrinogen, meat broth, and FBS and subsequently infected the scaffolds with UAMS-1. We characterized the material properties of the hydrogel (noninfected) and found no significant differences in the storage modulus when fibrin was added to the collagen hydrogel. When infected with UAMS-1, temporal growth and polysaccharide formation were observed through plating, SEM, and histological staining, indicative of biofilm formation. PCR analysis revealed heightened expression of adhesion-associated genes with no increase in expression of metabolic genes, indicating significant increase in the formation of a robust biofilm over time. Vancomycin was ineffective in eradicating the already-developed biofilm, whereas the total CFUs in rifampin-treated models decreased significantly compared to those in the untreated group. Although it was not significant, an increase in SCVs was observed in the rifampin-treated group, suggesting that rifampin may create a harsher environment against the <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, allowing the increase in more resistant bacteria. The persistence of an infection in our rifampin-treated 3D in vitro wound model indicates an increased similarity to the host environment compared to that of a static biofilm model.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Defrançois, Alexandre Barras, Mickaël Maton, Patrice Woisel, Feng Hildebrand, Nicolas Blanchemain, Rabah Boukherroub, Joël Lyskawa
{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of NIR-Light Responsive Alginate Hydrogels Embedding Polydopamine Nanoparticles.","authors":"Sarah Defrançois, Alexandre Barras, Mickaël Maton, Patrice Woisel, Feng Hildebrand, Nicolas Blanchemain, Rabah Boukherroub, Joël Lyskawa","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial infections are one of the most serious health problems worldwide and represent a significant threat to humans. In this article, we designed an injectable alginate-based hydrogel embedding polydopamine nanoparticles (nPDA) and applied it as a (nano)phototherapeutic agent and nanocarrier for photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapies with the perspective of treating bacterial infections and overcoming microbial resistance. For this purpose, nPDA were functionalized with Chlorin e6 as a photosensitizer and embedded in an alginate hydrogel to apply the PDT treatment. The photothermal properties of nPDA were exploited for the \"on demand\" local release of antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin (for Gram-negative bacteria) and Rifampicin (for Gram-positive bacteria) to address respectively <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus</i>s <i>aureus</i> as these antimicrobial-resistant pathogens are commonly found in bacterial infections. <i>In vitro</i> experiments have shown that PDT and PTT treatments were both highly efficient for the treatment of <i>S. aureus</i>, leading to the complete eradication of this bacterium. On the contrary, PDT was less effective for treating <i>E. coli</i>, while PTT revealed an excellent antibacterial activity toward this pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingying Nie, Cewen Hu, Xinyue Huang, Huajing Zeng, Zhilong Wang, Jiachen Liang, Jizeng Wang
{"title":"Accelerating Wound Healing through a Mechano-Electric Synergistic Conductive Hydrogel.","authors":"Yingying Nie, Cewen Hu, Xinyue Huang, Huajing Zeng, Zhilong Wang, Jiachen Liang, Jizeng Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To address the challenge of achieving faster wound healing, we present an innovative approach using hydrogel wound dressings that leverage the mechano-electric synergistic effect. This method incorporates piezoelectric zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a thermosensitive poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel matrix. The engineered hydrogel demonstrates exceptional mechanical strength, optimal swelling properties, enhanced antibacterial activity, and excellent biocompatibility and biosafety. Upon application to a wound site, the hydrogel undergoes temperature-induced centripetal contraction, which enhances the wound closure process. Moreover, the morphological changes in the hydrogel caused by self-contraction and alterations in skin shape can trigger a piezoelectric effect, generating stable and lasting bioelectric signals that promote fibroblast migration. Consequently, a wound approximately 1 cm<sup>2</sup> in size can nearly completely heal within 14 days, thanks to the hydrogel's multifaceted therapeutic potential, including anti-inflammatory effects, promotion of cell migration, induction of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation, and enhancement of angiogenesis. This breakthrough represents a significant advancement over conventional hydrogel wound dressings, offering considerable promise for clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Zare Narimani, Amir Landarani-Isfahani, Mehrnaz Bahadori, Majid Moghadam, Shahram Tangestaninejad, Iraj Mohammadpoor-Baltork, Valiollah Mirkhani
{"title":"Covalent Immobilization of Lipase on NH<sub>2</sub>-MIL-125(Ti) through Ugi Reaction for Biodiesel Production.","authors":"Ali Zare Narimani, Amir Landarani-Isfahani, Mehrnaz Bahadori, Majid Moghadam, Shahram Tangestaninejad, Iraj Mohammadpoor-Baltork, Valiollah Mirkhani","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, heterogeneous biocatalysts were produced by successfully synthesizing the metal-organic framework (MOF) NH<sub>2</sub>-MIL-125(Ti) as a support, followed by the chemical stabilization of the lipase enzyme using the Ugi four-component reaction (Lipase-NH<sub>2</sub>-MIL-125), resulting in a stabilization efficiency of 87%. The amine group in MOF plays one of the reactants in the Ugi reaction, and a firm covalent bond is created between the enzyme and the support, which avoids enzyme leaching and leads to a stable biocatalyst. Enzyme efficiency, reusability, pH, and temperature stability of Lipase-NH<sub>2</sub>-MIL-125 have been investigated, and their high performance has been proven for the biocatalyst. The biodiesel production process using oleic acid has been utilized to evaluate the catalytic activity of the designed biocatalyst, and different parameters have been optimized. The results confirmed the good activity of Lipase-NH<sub>2</sub>-MIL-125 in biodiesel production, and even after 6 cycles, the activity slightly decreased, which confirmed the stability of the biocatalyst during the reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}