Environment & Health最新文献

{"title":"Accelerating Clean Energy Transitions to Safeguard Human Health and Survival.","authors":"Shilu Tong, Hilary Bambrick, Xiaoming Shi, Mathilde Pascal, Jason Prior, Eric Lavigne","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00151","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The year 2023 was the warmest year in the 174-year global instrumental record. The year was also marked by a series of climate-related extreme events, including heat waves, storms, and wildfires that caused widespread economic and health impacts. The 28th Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change called for transitioning away from fossil fuels and accelerating action in this critical decade. All countries must move rapidly toward net zero emissions and scale up their action to ensure achievement of the Paris climate goals-viz., limiting the global temperature increase from preindustrial levels to well below 2 °C and pursuing efforts to keep it below 1.5 °C. There is growing concern about whether the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C is still achievable. We believe that it is still possible to limit warming to 1.5 °C if we take seven essential actions so human health and survival can be safeguarded: scaling up the energy transition to achieve carbon neutrality before the middle of this century; rapidly phasing out the construction of new fossil fuel exploration and infrastructure; enforcing an international carbon price; tightening emission targets across both the global north and south; promoting and adopting low-consumption lifestyle as the social norm; engaging in transformative change to simultaneously act on climate, biodiversity, equity, human health, and well-being; and boosting collective efforts and strengthening international cooperation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"114-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the Natural Attenuation of Cyanotoxins: Dissipation, Transformation Pathways, and Genotoxicity","authors":"Jinlu Feng,&nbsp;Claude Kiki,&nbsp;Xi Li,&nbsp;Qian Sun* and Feng Zhao,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0014910.1021/envhealth.4c00149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00149https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00149","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN) are toxic cyanotoxins frequently found in drinking water sources, posing significant health risks. This study conducted a microcosm experiment using surface lake water exposed to sunlight to investigate the natural attenuation processes of MC-LR and CYN. Results indicated that photodegradation plays a crucial role in the natural attenuation of cyanotoxins. The half-lives of MC-LR and CYN were 1 and 7 days in summer under a combined effect of direct and indirect photodegradation, respectively. The effectiveness of these natural processes varied seasonally, with faster dissipation rates observed during summer. Bacterial degradation notably affected only MC-LR in summer, with a negligible effect on CYN. The identified transformation products showed that the conversion of MC-LR involved oxidation, hydroxylation, and/or bond cleavage with Adda and Mdha moieties, while it entails the oxidation of the tricyclic guanidine moiety and opening of the uracil ring for CYN. The Ames assay confirmed that these transformation products from the natural attenuation of MC-LR and CYN did not induce genotoxicity or mutagenicity. While these findings enhance our understanding of natural attenuation mechanisms, they also offer valuable insights that could guide artificial control strategies or improve the efficiency of cyanotoxin management. However, natural degradation processes alone, particularly in large water bodies, may be insufficient to fully mitigate cyanotoxin risks, highlighting the continued need for comprehensive management approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"154–163 154–163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burnt Plastic (Pyroplastic) from the M/V <i>X-Press Pearl</i> Ship Fire and Plastic Spill Contain Compounds That Activate Endocrine and Metabolism-Related Human and Fish Transcription Factors.","authors":"Bryan D James, Alexander V Medvedev, Lyubov A Medvedeva, Elena Martsen, Kristen L Gorman, Benjamin Lin, Sergei S Makarov, Lihini I Aluwihare, Asha de Vos, Christopher M Reddy, Mark E Hahn","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00172","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In May 2021, the M/V <i>X-Press Pearl</i> ship fire disaster led to the largest maritime spill of resin pellets (nurdles) and burnt plastic (pyroplastic). Field samples collected from beaches in Sri Lanka nearest to the ship comprised nurdles and pieces of pyroplastic. Three years later, the toxicity of the spilled material remains unresolved. To begin understanding its potential toxicity, solvent extracts of the nurdles and pyroplastic were screened for their bioactivity by several Attagene FACTORIAL bioassays (TF, NR, and AquaTox), which measured the activity of a combined 70 human transcription factor response elements and nuclear receptors and 6 to 7 nuclear receptors for each of three phylogenetically distinct fish species. Extracts of the pyroplastics robustly activated end points for the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogen receptor (ER), pregnane X receptor (PXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), retinoid X receptor (RXR), and oxidative stress (NRF2) and had the potential for activation of several others. The bioactivity profile of the pyroplastics was most similar (similarity score = 0.96) to that of probable human carcinogens benzo[<i>b</i>]fluoranthene and benzo[<i>k</i>]fluoranthene despite the extracts being a complex mixture of thousands of compounds. The activity diminished only slightly for extracts of pyroplastic collected eight months after the spill. The AquaTox FACTORIAL bioassay measured the activation of ERα, ERβ, androgen receptor (AR), PPARα, PPARγ, and RXRβ for human, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>), Japanese medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>), and rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), revealing species-specific sensitivities to the chemicals associated with the pyroplastics. These findings provide needed information to guide long-term monitoring efforts, make hazard assessments of the spilled material, and direct further research on pyroplastic, an emerging global contaminant.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burnt Plastic (Pyroplastic) from the M/V X-Press Pearl Ship Fire and Plastic Spill Contain Compounds That Activate Endocrine and Metabolism-Related Human and Fish Transcription Factors","authors":"Bryan D. James*,&nbsp;Alexander V. Medvedev,&nbsp;Lyubov A. Medvedeva,&nbsp;Elena Martsen,&nbsp;Kristen L. Gorman,&nbsp;Benjamin Lin,&nbsp;Sergei S. Makarov,&nbsp;Lihini I. Aluwihare,&nbsp;Asha de Vos,&nbsp;Christopher M. Reddy and Mark E. Hahn,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0017210.1021/envhealth.4c00172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00172https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00172","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In May 2021, the M/V <i>X-Press Pearl</i> ship fire disaster led to the largest maritime spill of resin pellets (nurdles) and burnt plastic (pyroplastic). Field samples collected from beaches in Sri Lanka nearest to the ship comprised nurdles and pieces of pyroplastic. Three years later, the toxicity of the spilled material remains unresolved. To begin understanding its potential toxicity, solvent extracts of the nurdles and pyroplastic were screened for their bioactivity by several Attagene FACTORIAL bioassays (TF, NR, and AquaTox), which measured the activity of a combined 70 human transcription factor response elements and nuclear receptors and 6 to 7 nuclear receptors for each of three phylogenetically distinct fish species. Extracts of the pyroplastics robustly activated end points for the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogen receptor (ER), pregnane X receptor (PXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), retinoid X receptor (RXR), and oxidative stress (NRF2) and had the potential for activation of several others. The bioactivity profile of the pyroplastics was most similar (similarity score = 0.96) to that of probable human carcinogens benzo[<i>b</i>]fluoranthene and benzo[<i>k</i>]fluoranthene despite the extracts being a complex mixture of thousands of compounds. The activity diminished only slightly for extracts of pyroplastic collected eight months after the spill. The AquaTox FACTORIAL bioassay measured the activation of ERα, ERβ, androgen receptor (AR), PPARα, PPARγ, and RXRβ for human, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>), Japanese medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>), and rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), revealing species-specific sensitivities to the chemicals associated with the pyroplastics. These findings provide needed information to guide long-term monitoring efforts, make hazard assessments of the spilled material, and direct further research on pyroplastic, an emerging global contaminant.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"91–101 91–101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143091619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Very Early Pregnancy Loss: The Role of PM_2.5 Exposure in IVF-ET Outcomes.","authors":"Xinlei Zhu, Haidong Kan","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00217","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"2 12","pages":"854-855"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11667279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Very Early Pregnancy Loss: The Role of PM2.5 Exposure in IVF-ET Outcomes","authors":"Xinlei Zhu,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Haidong Kan*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0021710.1021/envhealth.4c00217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00217https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"2 12","pages":"854–855 854–855"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroperoxide-Independent Generation of Spin Trapping Artifacts by Quinones and DMPO: Implications for Radical Identification in Quinone-Related Reactions","authors":"Lingli Wang,&nbsp;Jinhui Cao,&nbsp;Pu Wang,&nbsp;Yu Fu,&nbsp;Jialin Chen and Zhaohui Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0014210.1021/envhealth.4c00142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00142https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00142","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Quinones, as highly redox active molecules in biology, are believed to react with hydroperoxides to produce highly reactive ^•OH, assuming that radical adducts are exclusively formed by the addition of free radicals to the spin trap as detected by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methodology. Here, direct formation of the same DMPO adduct as that formed by genuine radical trapping of ^•OH is discovered, while quinones (i.e., 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), methyl-BQ (2-Me-BQ, 2,5-Me-BQ, 2,6-Me-BQ), and chlorinated-BQ (2-Cl-BQ, 2,5-Cl-BQ, 2,6-Cl-BQ)) meet with the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline <i>N</i>-oxide (DMPO), independent of peroxides. According to differences in alcohol-derived adducts (e.g., DMPO-CH₂OH or DMPO-OCH₃) while alcohol is attacked by ^•OH or DMPO^•+, a nonradical mechanism is proposed for the BQ/DMPO system. This is further evidenced by the mass spectrometry data in which DMPO-OCH₃ has been identified in BQ (or chlorinated-BQ)/DMPO systems. ¹⁷O incorporation experiments verify that hydroxyl oxygen in DMPO-OH originates from water. The DMPO-OH adduct might be formed via direct oxidation and water substitution or one-electron oxidation and nucleophilic addition. This study provides a peroxide-independent alternative route leading to DMPO-OH adduct in quinone-based systems, which has profound implications for assessing adverse health effects and even biogeochemical impacts of quinones if EPR is applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"143–153 143–153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use Modify All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Associated with PM_2.5 and Its Components? A Nationally Representative Cohort Study (2007-2017).","authors":"Wanzhou Wang, Chao Yang, Fulin Wang, Jinwei Wang, Feifei Zhang, Pengfei Li, Luxia Zhang","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00133","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies reported that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use could alleviate subclinical effects of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). However, whether chronic NSAID use could mitigate the long-term effects of PM_2.5 and its components on population mortality has been unknown. Based on a national representative survey of 47,086 adults (2007-2010) with follow-up information on the primary cause of death (until 2017), we investigated the long-term associations of PM_2.5 and its major components, including black carbon (BC), ammonium (NH₄ ⁺), nitrate (NO₃ ^-), organic matter (OM), and sulfate (SO₄ ^2-), with all-cause and cause-specific mortality using the Cox proportional hazards model. We also evaluated the effect modification by NSAID use (including broad NSAIDs, aspirin, or ibuprofen) on the associations using interaction models. Long-term exposures to PM_2.5 and its components were associated with increased risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, where BC, OM, and SO₄ ^2- showed stronger associations. Ibuprofen use could mitigate the associations of PM_2.5 and its components with mortality risks, while no significant modifying effects of aspirin were observed. For instance, along with per interquartile range increment in PM_2.5 concentration (34.8 μg/m³), the hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality were 1.21 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.22) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.19) in nonibuprofen and ibuprofen use groups (<i>P</i> for interaction = 0.026), respectively. Cause-specific analyses indicated that ibuprofen use could mainly mitigate risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) especially ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality attributable to PM_2.5 components. Stratified analyses found more apparent mitigating effects of ibuprofen use among participants without chronic diseases, participants ≤50 years, female participants, rural residents, and those with lower education levels. Our findings suggested potential implications in reducing population mortality caused by long-term exposures to PM_2.5 and its components through personalized interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"14-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroperoxide-Independent Generation of Spin Trapping Artifacts by Quinones and DMPO: Implications for Radical Identification in Quinone-Related Reactions.","authors":"Lingli Wang, Jinhui Cao, Pu Wang, Yu Fu, Jialin Chen, Zhaohui Wang","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00142","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quinones, as highly redox active molecules in biology, are believed to react with hydroperoxides to produce highly reactive ^•OH, assuming that radical adducts are exclusively formed by the addition of free radicals to the spin trap as detected by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methodology. Here, direct formation of the same DMPO adduct as that formed by genuine radical trapping of ^•OH is discovered, while quinones (i.e., 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), methyl-BQ (2-Me-BQ, 2,5-Me-BQ, 2,6-Me-BQ), and chlorinated-BQ (2-Cl-BQ, 2,5-Cl-BQ, 2,6-Cl-BQ)) meet with the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline <i>N</i>-oxide (DMPO), independent of peroxides. According to differences in alcohol-derived adducts (e.g., DMPO-CH₂OH or DMPO-OCH₃) while alcohol is attacked by ^•OH or DMPO^•+, a nonradical mechanism is proposed for the BQ/DMPO system. This is further evidenced by the mass spectrometry data in which DMPO-OCH₃ has been identified in BQ (or chlorinated-BQ)/DMPO systems. ¹⁷O incorporation experiments verify that hydroxyl oxygen in DMPO-OH originates from water. The DMPO-OH adduct might be formed via direct oxidation and water substitution or one-electron oxidation and nucleophilic addition. This study provides a peroxide-independent alternative route leading to DMPO-OH adduct in quinone-based systems, which has profound implications for assessing adverse health effects and even biogeochemical impacts of quinones if EPR is applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"143-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use Modify All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Associated with PM2.5 and Its Components? A Nationally Representative Cohort Study (2007–2017)","authors":"Wanzhou Wang,&nbsp;Chao Yang,&nbsp;Fulin Wang,&nbsp;Jinwei Wang,&nbsp;Feifei Zhang,&nbsp;Pengfei Li and Luxia Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0013310.1021/envhealth.4c00133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00133https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00133","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Several studies reported that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use could alleviate subclinical effects of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). However, whether chronic NSAID use could mitigate the long-term effects of PM_2.5 and its components on population mortality has been unknown. Based on a national representative survey of 47,086 adults (2007–2010) with follow-up information on the primary cause of death (until 2017), we investigated the long-term associations of PM_2.5 and its major components, including black carbon (BC), ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃^–), organic matter (OM), and sulfate (SO₄^2–), with all-cause and cause-specific mortality using the Cox proportional hazards model. We also evaluated the effect modification by NSAID use (including broad NSAIDs, aspirin, or ibuprofen) on the associations using interaction models. Long-term exposures to PM_2.5 and its components were associated with increased risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, where BC, OM, and SO₄^2– showed stronger associations. Ibuprofen use could mitigate the associations of PM_2.5 and its components with mortality risks, while no significant modifying effects of aspirin were observed. For instance, along with per interquartile range increment in PM_2.5 concentration (34.8 μg/m³), the hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality were 1.21 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.22) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.19) in nonibuprofen and ibuprofen use groups (<i>P</i> for interaction = 0.026), respectively. Cause-specific analyses indicated that ibuprofen use could mainly mitigate risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) especially ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality attributable to PM_2.5 components. Stratified analyses found more apparent mitigating effects of ibuprofen use among participants without chronic diseases, participants ≤50 years, female participants, rural residents, and those with lower education levels. Our findings suggested potential implications in reducing population mortality caused by long-term exposures to PM_2.5 and its components through personalized interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"14–25 14–25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143091611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}