Environment & Health最新文献

{"title":"","authors":"Lucca Caiaffa Santos Rosa, Mariam Sarhan and Andre Silva Pimentel*, ","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 3","pages":"XXX-XXX XXX-XXX"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144438444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorption, Extraction, and Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmentally Weathered Microplastics, Particulate Organic Matter, Sediment, and Fish Species in the Lavaca-Matagorda Bay System.","authors":"Oluniyi O Fadare, Nigel Lascelles, Jessica Myers, Andrew Gray, Jeremy L Conkle","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00223","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The historical industrial input of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and, more recently, microplastics into the Lavaca-Matagorda Bay system is a threat to its health and the region's fishery economy. Our study assessed the role of microplastics in PAH mobility within Lavaca-Matagorda Bay. We investigated concentrations of the EPA's 16 high-priority PAHs on microplastics, particulate organic matter, and surface sediments. Additionally, the gastrointestinal tracts of three economically important fishes within the bay [<i>Paralichthys lethostigma</i> (<i>n</i> = 46), <i>Sciaenops ocellatus</i> (<i>n</i> = 47), and <i>Cynoscion nebulosus</i> (<i>n</i> = 85)] were examined for microplastics, while their liver and muscle tissue were analyzed for PAHs. In all three matrices, the average concentration of ∑16PAHs ranged from 890.2 to 28,574.0 ng·g^-1. The average individual PAH concentration in fish species ranged from 75.1 to 145.4 ng·g^-1. Fish species in all of the sampling sites were classified between minimally and moderately polluted, with potential PAH bioaccumulation observed only in the southern flounder. About 67% of all of the analyzed sediment samples from Lavaca-Matagorda Bay indicate possible adverse or moderate adverse biological effects. This demonstrates the need for greater remediation of the existing pollution and continued monitoring of industrial discharges within Lavaca-Matagorda Bay to reduce harm to the ecosystem and the local economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"690-700"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorption, Extraction, and Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmentally Weathered Microplastics, Particulate Organic Matter, Sediment, and Fish Species in the Lavaca-Matagorda Bay System","authors":"Oluniyi O. Fadare*,&nbsp;Nigel Lascelles,&nbsp;Jessica Myers,&nbsp;Andrew Gray and Jeremy L. Conkle,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0022310.1021/envhealth.4c00223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00223https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00223","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The historical industrial input of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and, more recently, microplastics into the Lavaca-Matagorda Bay system is a threat to its health and the region’s fishery economy. Our study assessed the role of microplastics in PAH mobility within Lavaca-Matagorda Bay. We investigated concentrations of the EPA’s 16 high-priority PAHs on microplastics, particulate organic matter, and surface sediments. Additionally, the gastrointestinal tracts of three economically important fishes within the bay [<i>Paralichthys lethostigma</i> (<i>n</i> = 46), <i>Sciaenops ocellatus</i> (<i>n</i> = 47), and <i>Cynoscion nebulosus</i> (<i>n</i> = 85)] were examined for microplastics, while their liver and muscle tissue were analyzed for PAHs. In all three matrices, the average concentration of ∑16PAHs ranged from 890.2 to 28,574.0 ng·g^–1. The average individual PAH concentration in fish species ranged from 75.1 to 145.4 ng·g^–1. Fish species in all of the sampling sites were classified between minimally and moderately polluted, with potential PAH bioaccumulation observed only in the southern flounder. About 67% of all of the analyzed sediment samples from Lavaca-Matagorda Bay indicate possible adverse or moderate adverse biological effects. This demonstrates the need for greater remediation of the existing pollution and continued monitoring of industrial discharges within Lavaca-Matagorda Bay to reduce harm to the ecosystem and the local economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"690–700 690–700"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric Disorders Mediate the Association between Floods and Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study in the UK Biobank","authors":"Yao Wu,&nbsp;Bo Wen,&nbsp;Danijela Gasevic,&nbsp;Rongbin Xu,&nbsp;Zhengyu Yang,&nbsp;Pei Yu,&nbsp;Yanming Liu,&nbsp;Guowei Zhou,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Jiangning Song,&nbsp;Hong Liu,&nbsp;Shanshan Li and Yuming Guo*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0024110.1021/envhealth.4c00241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00241https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00241","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Flooding has become more frequent and severe worldwide, leading to an increased burden of psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression and anxiety). Psychiatric disorders are associated with an increased risk of subsequent dementia. However, the associations among floods, psychiatric disorders, and dementia are still unclear. Using a population cohort from the UK Biobank, we aimed to investigate the mediating role of psychiatric disorders on the associations between floods and dementia. In this study, cumulative exposure to floods over an eight-year period preceding the study baseline was assessed for each participant at residential addresses. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to study the associations of flooding exposure with psychiatric disorders and dementia. Stratified analyses and mediation analyses were conducted to examine whether psychiatric disorders mediate the relationship between floods and dementia. During a median follow-up of 12.3 years (interquartile range: 11.6–13.0), 0.9% (2,028) of participants developed dementia and 9.5% (21,629) were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. The flooding exposure was associated with an 8.0% increased risk of incident dementia (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.080, 95% CI: 1.023–1.141). The flood–dementia association was observed to be partially mediated by several subtypes of psychiatric disorders (overall proportion of mediation: 75.7%), with psychotic disorder accounting for 49.7% (indirect effect HR: 1.039, 95% confidence interval: 1.015–1.064) of flood-related dementia, followed by stress-related disorder (proportion of mediation: 18.1%), and depression (proportion of mediation: 3.9%). This study provides evidence of an increased risk of dementia associated with exposure to floods, with psychiatric disorders playing a crucial mediating role in the flood-related dementia pathway. These findings suggest that flooding exposure is a critical risk factor for dementia, and targeted interventions addressing postdisaster mental health may be crucial for dementia prevention in affected populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"680–689 680–689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric Disorders Mediate the Association between Floods and Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study in the UK Biobank.","authors":"Yao Wu, Bo Wen, Danijela Gasevic, Rongbin Xu, Zhengyu Yang, Pei Yu, Yanming Liu, Guowei Zhou, Yan Zhang, Jiangning Song, Hong Liu, Shanshan Li, Yuming Guo","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00241","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flooding has become more frequent and severe worldwide, leading to an increased burden of psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression and anxiety). Psychiatric disorders are associated with an increased risk of subsequent dementia. However, the associations among floods, psychiatric disorders, and dementia are still unclear. Using a population cohort from the UK Biobank, we aimed to investigate the mediating role of psychiatric disorders on the associations between floods and dementia. In this study, cumulative exposure to floods over an eight-year period preceding the study baseline was assessed for each participant at residential addresses. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to study the associations of flooding exposure with psychiatric disorders and dementia. Stratified analyses and mediation analyses were conducted to examine whether psychiatric disorders mediate the relationship between floods and dementia. During a median follow-up of 12.3 years (interquartile range: 11.6-13.0), 0.9% (2,028) of participants developed dementia and 9.5% (21,629) were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. The flooding exposure was associated with an 8.0% increased risk of incident dementia (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.080, 95% CI: 1.023-1.141). The flood-dementia association was observed to be partially mediated by several subtypes of psychiatric disorders (overall proportion of mediation: 75.7%), with psychotic disorder accounting for 49.7% (indirect effect HR: 1.039, 95% confidence interval: 1.015-1.064) of flood-related dementia, followed by stress-related disorder (proportion of mediation: 18.1%), and depression (proportion of mediation: 3.9%). This study provides evidence of an increased risk of dementia associated with exposure to floods, with psychiatric disorders playing a crucial mediating role in the flood-related dementia pathway. These findings suggest that flooding exposure is a critical risk factor for dementia, and targeted interventions addressing postdisaster mental health may be crucial for dementia prevention in affected populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"680-689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unseen Threats: The Impact of Relatively Low-Level Ambient Air Pollution on Autoimmune Diseases.","authors":"Rui-Xue Leng, Wenbiao Hu","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00281","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In developing countries like China, personal air-purifying respirators and indoor air purifiers are commonly used to mitigate high levels of air pollution, whereas lower pollution levels in many developed countries lead to less proactive measures. However, emerging evidence suggests that even relatively low-level air pollution can elevate the risk of autoimmune diseases. Recent biobank studies demonstrated a linear relationship between chronic exposure to relatively low-level ambient air pollution and the incidence of autoimmune diseases, particularly in genetically susceptible populations. Furthermore, evidence indicates that short-term exposure to low levels of PM_2.5 is associated with disease flares. This Viewpoint highlights the often-overlooked risks of low-level air pollution in contributing to autoimmune diseases in individuals with genetic predispositions; it aims to raise awareness of prevention strategies and advocate nonpharmacological interventions at both the population and individual levels, to protect high-risk groups and alleviate the burden of autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"571-574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unseen Threats: The Impact of Relatively Low-Level Ambient Air Pollution on Autoimmune Diseases","authors":"Rui-Xue Leng*,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Wenbiao Hu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0028110.1021/envhealth.4c00281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00281https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00281","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In developing countries like China, personal air-purifying respirators and indoor air purifiers are commonly used to mitigate high levels of air pollution, whereas lower pollution levels in many developed countries lead to less proactive measures. However, emerging evidence suggests that even relatively low-level air pollution can elevate the risk of autoimmune diseases. Recent biobank studies demonstrated a linear relationship between chronic exposure to relatively low-level ambient air pollution and the incidence of autoimmune diseases, particularly in genetically susceptible populations. Furthermore, evidence indicates that short-term exposure to low levels of PM_2.5 is associated with disease flares. This Viewpoint highlights the often-overlooked risks of low-level air pollution in contributing to autoimmune diseases in individuals with genetic predispositions; it aims to raise awareness of prevention strategies and advocate nonpharmacological interventions at both the population and individual levels, to protect high-risk groups and alleviate the burden of autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"571–574 571–574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brominated Flame Retardants Exposure Promotes the Formation of Atherosclerotic Plaque in Aortic Roots of <i>ApoE</i> ^<i>-/-</i> Mice by Increasing Macrophage Recruitment and Foam Cell Formation.","authors":"Shasha Li, Dongyuan Bian, Hongqi Deng, Junkai Guo, Xiaobing Wu, Hao Liu, Rui Wen, Yiyan Li, Nan Liu, Suli Huang, Guimiao Lin","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00183","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are persistent organic pollutants worldwide. However, the effect of BFRs on the development of atherosclerosis is currently unknown. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of three typical BFRs (BDE-47, BDE-209, and DBDPE) on the development of atherosclerosis and explored the underlying mechanisms using an <i>in vitro</i> cell model and <i>ApoE</i> ^<i>-/-</i> mice. Our data showed that BFRs significantly inhibited the viability of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and induced the generation of ROS. BFRs significantly enhanced the content of Ox-LDL in THP-1 macrophages, which promoted the formation of foam cells. In an <i>in vivo</i> study, BFRs exposure significantly increased the plaque area and lipid content in the aortic root of mice. BFRs significantly increased the ROS level in plaques and promoted the expression level of adhesion molecule ICAM-1, which enhanced the recruitment of macrophages. Transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. In summary, these results indicate that BFRs exposure can promote the development of atherosclerosis by increasing macrophage recruitment and foam cell formation, which elucidates the impact of BFRs on atherosclerosis for the first time, and provide scientific clues for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"669-679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brominated Flame Retardants Exposure Promotes the Formation of Atherosclerotic Plaque in Aortic Roots of ApoE–/– Mice by Increasing Macrophage Recruitment and Foam Cell Formation","authors":"Shasha Li,&nbsp;Dongyuan Bian,&nbsp;Hongqi Deng,&nbsp;Junkai Guo,&nbsp;Xiaobing Wu,&nbsp;Hao Liu,&nbsp;Rui Wen,&nbsp;Yiyan Li,&nbsp;Nan Liu,&nbsp;Suli Huang and Guimiao Lin*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0018310.1021/envhealth.4c00183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00183https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00183","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are persistent organic pollutants worldwide. However, the effect of BFRs on the development of atherosclerosis is currently unknown. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of three typical BFRs (BDE-47, BDE-209, and DBDPE) on the development of atherosclerosis and explored the underlying mechanisms using an <i>in vitro</i> cell model and <i>ApoE</i>^{<i>–/–</i>} mice. Our data showed that BFRs significantly inhibited the viability of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and induced the generation of ROS. BFRs significantly enhanced the content of Ox-LDL in THP-1 macrophages, which promoted the formation of foam cells. In an <i>in vivo</i> study, BFRs exposure significantly increased the plaque area and lipid content in the aortic root of mice. BFRs significantly increased the ROS level in plaques and promoted the expression level of adhesion molecule ICAM-1, which enhanced the recruitment of macrophages. Transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. In summary, these results indicate that BFRs exposure can promote the development of atherosclerosis by increasing macrophage recruitment and foam cell formation, which elucidates the impact of BFRs on atherosclerosis for the first time, and provide scientific clues for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"669–679 669–679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children's Lung Function Was Lower in 2017-2018 than in 1995-1996: The Roles of Air Quality Change and Individual-Level Risk Factors.","authors":"Meilin Yan, Jicheng Gong, Xiaoli Duan, Lingyan He, Qin Liu, Weiwei Lin, Suzhen Cao, Meng Wang, Howard Kipen, Haidong Kan, Junfeng Jim Zhang","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00221","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air quality has improved while the lifestyle of children has changed substantially over the past 2 decades in four Chinese cities. It is unknown how these changes affected the lung function of children. We analyzed data collected in 1995-1996 and 2017-2018. In each period, >2000 children 6-13 years were measured for lung function and surveyed for behavioral, residential, and health conditions. Monitored and modeled data for ambient air pollution were obtained. Age- and covariate-adjusted FVC and FEV₁ values were lower, and the proportions of children with low FVC and FEV₁ were greater in the later period than in the earlier period, while PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO _<i>x</i> , and O₃ levels changed by -42.8 μg/m³ (95% CI, -67.3, -18.6 mg/m³), -65.1 μg/m³ (-113.5, -16.7 mg/m³), -34.6 ppb (-69.2, 0.0 ppb), -27.5 ppb (-60.7, 5.7 ppb), and 1.5 ppb (-4.2, 7.1 ppb), respectively. A 4 ppb O₃ increase was associated with lower FVC by 105 mL (95% CI: 30, 180 mL) in boys and 76 mL (17, 135 mL) in girls. A generational decline in the lung function of children in the 4 Chinese cities has significant public health ramifications. Our findings imply that the reduction of ambient air pollutant concentrations from the 1995-1996 levels to the 2017-2018 levels were not sufficient to make lung function improvements. Risk factors that were absent or not as prominent in the earlier period may be responsible for lowered lung function during the later period.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"659-668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}