Environment & Health最新文献

{"title":"Historically Polluted Area Increases Human Exposure Risks to Polychlorinated Naphthalenes through Waterfowl Egg Consumption","authors":"Xingyi Wu,&nbsp;Jianxi Yi,&nbsp;Su Zhang,&nbsp;Jianing Xin,&nbsp;Yaqun Fan,&nbsp;Han Yan,&nbsp;Jun Cao,&nbsp;Yun Zou,&nbsp;Shujun Dong* and Peilong Wang,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0013410.1021/envhealth.4c00134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00134https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00134","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), which are ubiquitous in the environment, are listed as persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention. Poultry can be exposed to PCNs via feed and breeding environments, leading to PCNs accumulation in eggs. However, information on PCNs in eggs from waterfowl raised in contaminated regions is scarce. In this study, waterfowl and chicken eggs were collected from a historically polluted area in Hunan Province, China. In addition, waterfowl eggs were collected from Guangxi Province as a control. The mean concentrations of Σ₇₅PCNs in waterfowl (30.8 pg/g wet weight [ww]) and chicken eggs (26.1 pg/g ww) from Hunan were significantly higher than in waterfowl eggs (15.6 pg/g ww) from Guangxi. The PCN homologue profiles in poultry eggs from the two regions varied, but both were dominated by lower chlorinated CNs. Correlation analysis showed that breeding environment made a greater contribution to PCNs in waterfowl eggs. Interestingly, PCNs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) showed a significant positive correlation in samples from Hunan, but not in those from Guangxi. Human exposure to PCNs and PCBs was higher through consumption of poultry eggs from historically contaminated areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"48–57 48–57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143091857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallomic Classification of Pulmonary Nodules Using Blood by Deep-Learning-Boosted Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence.","authors":"Chaojie Wei, Chao Li, Hongxin Xie, Wei Wang, Xin Wang, Dongliang Chen, Bai Li, Yu-Feng Li","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00124","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ambient air pollution is an important contributor to increasing cases of lung cancer, which is a malignant cancer with the highest mortality among all cancers. It primarily manifests in the form of pulmonary nodules, but not all will develop into lung cancer. Therefore, it is highly desired to distinguish between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules for the early prevention and treatment of lung cancer. Currently, histopathological examination is the gold standard for classifying pulmonary nodules, which is invasive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. This study proposes a metallomics approach through synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) with a simplified one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN) to distinguish pulmonary nodules by using serum samples. SRXRF spectra of serum samples were obtained and preliminarily analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, machine learning algorithms (MLs) and 1DCNN were applied to develop classification models. Both MLs and 1DCNN based on full-channel spectra could distinguish patients with benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, but the highest accuracy rate of 96.7% was achieved when using 1DCNN. In addition, it was found that characteristic elements in serum from patients with malignant nodules were different from those in benign nodules, which can serve as the fingerprint metallome profile. The simplified model based on characteristic elements resulted in good performance of sensitivity and F1-score > 91.30%, G-mean, MCC and Kappa > 85.59%, and accuracy = 94.34%. In summary, metallomic classification of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules using serum samples can be achieved through 1DCNN-boosted SRXRF, which is easy to handle and much less invasive compared to histopathological examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"40-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallomic Classification of Pulmonary Nodules Using Blood by Deep-Learning-Boosted Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence","authors":"Chaojie Wei,&nbsp;Chao Li,&nbsp;Hongxin Xie,&nbsp;Wei Wang*,&nbsp;Xin Wang*,&nbsp;Dongliang Chen,&nbsp;Bai Li and Yu-Feng Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0012410.1021/envhealth.4c00124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00124https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00124","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ambient air pollution is an important contributor to increasing cases of lung cancer, which is a malignant cancer with the highest mortality among all cancers. It primarily manifests in the form of pulmonary nodules, but not all will develop into lung cancer. Therefore, it is highly desired to distinguish between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules for the early prevention and treatment of lung cancer. Currently, histopathological examination is the gold standard for classifying pulmonary nodules, which is invasive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. This study proposes a metallomics approach through synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) with a simplified one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN) to distinguish pulmonary nodules by using serum samples. SRXRF spectra of serum samples were obtained and preliminarily analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, machine learning algorithms (MLs) and 1DCNN were applied to develop classification models. Both MLs and 1DCNN based on full-channel spectra could distinguish patients with benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, but the highest accuracy rate of 96.7% was achieved when using 1DCNN. In addition, it was found that characteristic elements in serum from patients with malignant nodules were different from those in benign nodules, which can serve as the fingerprint metallome profile. The simplified model based on characteristic elements resulted in good performance of sensitivity and F1-score &gt; 91.30%, G-mean, MCC and Kappa &gt; 85.59%, and accuracy = 94.34%. In summary, metallomic classification of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules using serum samples can be achieved through 1DCNN-boosted SRXRF, which is easy to handle and much less invasive compared to histopathological examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"40–47 40–47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143091763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Multiple Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Associations with Female Infertility: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Xianping Wei, Na Zhang, Qingqing Zhu, Yu Hu, Xin Wang, Xueyu Weng, Chunyang Liao, Guibin Jiang","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00040","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parabens (PBs) and their metabolites (MBs), triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS), bisphenols (BPs), benzophenones (BzPs), and phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) are typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) used in industrial production and daily life. Studies have suggested that these EDCs affect the reproductive system and may cause infertility; however, epidemiological evidence linking EDC exposure to infertility is still lacking. Herein, a total of 302 serum samples from women of reproductive age were collected, and six categories of typical EDCs were analyzed. The results revealed that EDCs are ubiquitous in female serum. The geometric mean (GM) concentrations of ∑PBs, ∑MBs, ∑(TCS+TCC), ∑BPs, ∑BzPs, and ∑mPAEs were 3.36, 297, 3.87, 4.39, 0.257, and 4.56 ng/mL, respectively. The serum concentrations of ∑PBs, ∑MBs, ∑(TCS+TCC), and ∑mPAEs from infertile women (GM: 4.16, 397, 4.01, and 7.33, respectively) were higher than those from fertile women (2.45, 192, 3.65, and 2.27, respectively) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The results of binary logistic regression and random forest suggest that mPAEs, such as mBP/miBP and mEHP, may contribute to infertility. This study provides insight into the relationship between the EDC exposure and reproductive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"2 12","pages":"902-911"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11667288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Multiple Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Associations with Female Infertility: A Case-Control Study","authors":"Xianping Wei,&nbsp;Na Zhang,&nbsp;Qingqing Zhu*,&nbsp;Yu Hu,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Xueyu Weng,&nbsp;Chunyang Liao and Guibin Jiang,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0004010.1021/envhealth.4c00040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00040https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00040","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Parabens (PBs) and their metabolites (MBs), triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS), bisphenols (BPs), benzophenones (BzPs), and phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) are typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) used in industrial production and daily life. Studies have suggested that these EDCs affect the reproductive system and may cause infertility; however, epidemiological evidence linking EDC exposure to infertility is still lacking. Herein, a total of 302 serum samples from women of reproductive age were collected, and six categories of typical EDCs were analyzed. The results revealed that EDCs are ubiquitous in female serum. The geometric mean (GM) concentrations of ∑PBs, ∑MBs, ∑(TCS+TCC), ∑BPs, ∑BzPs, and ∑mPAEs were 3.36, 297, 3.87, 4.39, 0.257, and 4.56 ng/mL, respectively. The serum concentrations of ∑PBs, ∑MBs, ∑(TCS+TCC), and ∑mPAEs from infertile women (GM: 4.16, 397, 4.01, and 7.33, respectively) were higher than those from fertile women (2.45, 192, 3.65, and 2.27, respectively) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The results of binary logistic regression and random forest suggest that mPAEs, such as mBP/miBP and mEHP, may contribute to infertility. This study provides insight into the relationship between the EDC exposure and reproductive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"2 12","pages":"902–911 902–911"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Fluorine Atoms and Piperazine Rings on Biotoxicity of Norfloxacin Analogues: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study","authors":"Chuanxi Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoning Wang*,&nbsp;Xinyan Zhao,&nbsp;Yongkun Wu,&nbsp;Jingyan Lin,&nbsp;Yuhan Zhao,&nbsp;Yiyong Xu,&nbsp;Kaipeng Sun,&nbsp;Chao Zhang,&nbsp;Ziheng Wan,&nbsp;Weihua Zhao,&nbsp;Yihua Xiao,&nbsp;Haofen Sun,&nbsp;Dong Chen,&nbsp;Wenping Dong,&nbsp;Tieyu Wang and Weiliang Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0009510.1021/envhealth.4c00095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00095https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00095","url":null,"abstract":"<p >To clarify the effect of the fluorine atom and piperazine ring on norfloxacin (NOR), NOR degradation products (NOR-DPs, P1–P8) were generated via UV combined with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂) technology. NOR degradation did not significantly affect cytotoxicity of NOR against BV2, A549, HepG2, and Vero E6 cells. Compared with that of NOR, mutagenicity and median lethal concentration of P1–P8 in fathead minnow were increased, and bioaccumulation factor and oral median lethal dose of P1–P8 in rats were decreased. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of DNA gyrase A (gyrA) on NOR-DPs to determine the molecular-level mechanism and establish the structure–activity relationship. Results indicated that the most common amino acid residues were Ile13, Ser27, Val28, Gly31, Asp36, Arg46, Arg47, Asp157, and Gly340; hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions played key roles in the inhibitory effect. Binding area (BA) decreased from 350.80 Ų (NOR) to 346.21 Ų (P1), and the absolute value of binding energy (|BE|) changed from 2.53 kcal/mol (NOR) to 2.54 kcal/mol (P1), indicating that the fluorine atom mainly affects BA. The piperazine ring clearly influenced BA and |BE|. “Yang ChuanXi Rules” were used to explain effects of molecular weight (MW), BA, |BE|, and sum of η₁ + η₂ (η₁: normalization of BA, η₂: normalization of |BE|) and predict biotoxicity of NOR-DPs based on half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀), half-minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC₅₀), and half-minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC₅₀) values.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"2 12","pages":"886–901 886–901"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Fluorine Atoms and Piperazine Rings on Biotoxicity of Norfloxacin Analogues: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study.","authors":"Chuanxi Yang, Xiaoning Wang, Xinyan Zhao, Yongkun Wu, Jingyan Lin, Yuhan Zhao, Yiyong Xu, Kaipeng Sun, Chao Zhang, Ziheng Wan, Weihua Zhao, Yihua Xiao, Haofen Sun, Dong Chen, Wenping Dong, Tieyu Wang, Weiliang Wang","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00095","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To clarify the effect of the fluorine atom and piperazine ring on norfloxacin (NOR), NOR degradation products (NOR-DPs, P1-P8) were generated via UV combined with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H₂O₂) technology. NOR degradation did not significantly affect cytotoxicity of NOR against BV2, A549, HepG2, and Vero E6 cells. Compared with that of NOR, mutagenicity and median lethal concentration of P1-P8 in fathead minnow were increased, and bioaccumulation factor and oral median lethal dose of P1-P8 in rats were decreased. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of DNA gyrase A (gyrA) on NOR-DPs to determine the molecular-level mechanism and establish the structure-activity relationship. Results indicated that the most common amino acid residues were Ile13, Ser27, Val28, Gly31, Asp36, Arg46, Arg47, Asp157, and Gly340; hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions played key roles in the inhibitory effect. Binding area (BA) decreased from 350.80 Ų (NOR) to 346.21 Ų (P1), and the absolute value of binding energy (|BE|) changed from 2.53 kcal/mol (NOR) to 2.54 kcal/mol (P1), indicating that the fluorine atom mainly affects BA. The piperazine ring clearly influenced BA and |BE|. \"Yang ChuanXi Rules\" were used to explain effects of molecular weight (MW), BA, |BE|, and sum of η₁ + η₂ (η₁: normalization of BA, η₂: normalization of |BE|) and predict biotoxicity of NOR-DPs based on half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀), half-minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC₅₀), and half-minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC₅₀) values.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"2 12","pages":"886-901"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11667292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects on Synaptic Plasticity Markers in Fetal Mice and HT22 Neurons upon F-53B Exposure: The Role of PKA Cytoplasmic Retention","authors":"Shen-Pan Li,&nbsp;Hui-Xian Zeng,&nbsp;Shuang-Jian Qin,&nbsp;Qing-Qing Li,&nbsp;Lu-Yin Wu,&nbsp;Qi-Zhen Wu,&nbsp;Li-Zi Lin,&nbsp;Guang-Hui Dong and Xiao-Wen Zeng*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0009810.1021/envhealth.4c00098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00098https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00098","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B), a chromium-fog depressant widely utilized as an alternative to perfluorooctanesulfonate, can transfer from mother to fetus. Recent research has demonstrated that prenatal exposure to F-53B results in synaptic damage in weaning mice. However, the mechanism underpinning F-53B-triggered synaptic damage during fetal development remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of the protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway, a crucial signaling mechanism known as “synaptic switch”, in the early neurotoxicity of F-53B exposure both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. Here, C57BL/6 fetal mice were subjected to exposure to F-53B (0, 4, and 40 μg/L) from gestation days (GD) 0 to 14 to evaluate nerve injury prior to delivery. HT22 neurons exposed to F-53B (0, 0.016, 0.08, 0.4, 2, and 10 μmol/L) for 24 h were utilized to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrated that F-53B significantly increased the fluorescence intensity of Nestin (a neural stem cell marker) in the fetal brain hippocampus (GD14). Subsequently, we found that F-53B downregulated the expression of synaptic plasticity markers (SYP, GAP43, and BDNF) in the fetal brain and HT22 neurons. Further molecular docking analysis revealed that F-53B fits into the ligand-binding pockets of PKA and CREB1. Results showed that F-53B inhibited the translocation of PKA protein from the cytoplasm to the neuronal nuclei and reduced the levels of PKA, CREB1, p-PKA(α/β/γ)-Thr197, and p-CREB1-S133 in the nucleus. Furthermore, the expression of synaptic plasticity markers altered by F-53B could be reversed by a PKA agonist and was intensified by a PKA antagonist. In summary, our findings suggest that intrauterine exposure to F-53B can weaken the expression of synaptic plasticity markers in the fetal brain, with this neurotoxicity being mediated by the cytoplasmic retention of PKA.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"2 11","pages":"776–785 776–785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects on Synaptic Plasticity Markers in Fetal Mice and HT22 Neurons upon F-53B Exposure: The Role of PKA Cytoplasmic Retention.","authors":"Shen-Pan Li, Hui-Xian Zeng, Shuang-Jian Qin, Qing-Qing Li, Lu-Yin Wu, Qi-Zhen Wu, Li-Zi Lin, Guang-Hui Dong, Xiao-Wen Zeng","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00098","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B), a chromium-fog depressant widely utilized as an alternative to perfluorooctanesulfonate, can transfer from mother to fetus. Recent research has demonstrated that prenatal exposure to F-53B results in synaptic damage in weaning mice. However, the mechanism underpinning F-53B-triggered synaptic damage during fetal development remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of the protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway, a crucial signaling mechanism known as \"synaptic switch\", in the early neurotoxicity of F-53B exposure both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. Here, C57BL/6 fetal mice were subjected to exposure to F-53B (0, 4, and 40 μg/L) from gestation days (GD) 0 to 14 to evaluate nerve injury prior to delivery. HT22 neurons exposed to F-53B (0, 0.016, 0.08, 0.4, 2, and 10 μmol/L) for 24 h were utilized to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrated that F-53B significantly increased the fluorescence intensity of Nestin (a neural stem cell marker) in the fetal brain hippocampus (GD14). Subsequently, we found that F-53B downregulated the expression of synaptic plasticity markers (SYP, GAP43, and BDNF) in the fetal brain and HT22 neurons. Further molecular docking analysis revealed that F-53B fits into the ligand-binding pockets of PKA and CREB1. Results showed that F-53B inhibited the translocation of PKA protein from the cytoplasm to the neuronal nuclei and reduced the levels of PKA, CREB1, p-PKA(α/β/γ)-Thr197, and p-CREB1-S133 in the nucleus. Furthermore, the expression of synaptic plasticity markers altered by F-53B could be reversed by a PKA agonist and was intensified by a PKA antagonist. In summary, our findings suggest that intrauterine exposure to F-53B can weaken the expression of synaptic plasticity markers in the fetal brain, with this neurotoxicity being mediated by the cytoplasmic retention of PKA.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"2 11","pages":"776-785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11574628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discharges of Wastewater Treatment Plants Needed Further Monitoring to Minimize Potential Risk of Entamoeba and Blastocystis for Public Health","authors":"Asli Onursal*,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Bulent Icgen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0011310.1021/envhealth.4c00113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00113https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00113","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The protozoan parasites <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> and <i>Blastocystis hominis</i> are responsible for causing human amebiasis and hominis infections, respectively. These infections are highly prevalent and are often linked to waterborne diseases. Due to the absence of regulations for monitoring these protozoa at the discharge points of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the effluents reaching surface waters contribute to waterborne transmission. This underscores the significance of the removal capacities of WWTPs in reducing the spread of these infectious parasites. Therefore, this study examined five different types of WWTPs in Ankara, Turkey, over a year to assess their capacities to remove <i>E. histolytica</i> and <i>B. hominis</i>. The seasonal abundances of genes specific to these protozoa in both the influents and effluents of each WWTP were measured using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The reduction in the number of protozoan rDNA copies between the influent and effluent samples was evaluated as the removal capacity, expressed in log₁₀ reduction (LRV) values. The results elucidated that the removal of <i>E. histolytica</i> and <i>B. hominis</i> was highly affected by the process used. Membrane bioreactor systems displayed the highest removal capacity with LRV &gt; 3. Therefore, discharges of WWTPs with other processes could need further monitoring to minimize the potential risk for public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"2 11","pages":"838–845 838–845"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}