Environment & Health最新文献

{"title":"Adverse Effects of Pesticides on the Ovary: Evidence from Epidemiological and Toxicological Studies","authors":"Linping Wang,&nbsp;Xiaochen Ma and Jing Liu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0024310.1021/envhealth.4c00243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00243https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00243","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, public health, and residences to control pests and insects. The safety of exposure to pesticides has raised concerns due to their presence in the environment and their potential effects on human health. The ovary is the major female reproductive organ and is considered a potential target organ for pesticide toxicity. This comprehensive Review examines the adverse effects of pesticide exposure on the ovary based on evidence from human biomonitoring, epidemiological studies, and toxicological studies. Epidemiological studies have shown that pesticide exposures are associated with early/delayed menarche, menstrual cycle disorders, early menopause, long time to pregnancy, polycystic ovary syndrome, primary ovarian insufficiency, infertility, and implantation failure in women. Both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> studies have shown that exposure to pesticides disrupts the estrous cycle, reduces the follicle pool, alters hormone levels, and impairs oocyte maturation. Mechanisms of action of pesticides on ovarian function include effects on steroid receptors, hormone synthesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, epigenetic modifications, and signaling pathways. Gaps in knowledge and further research needs include prospective cohort studies with adequate sample sizes to elucidate the effects of different classes of pesticides (especially emerging insecticides, herbicides and fungicides) and mixture exposures on ovarian health, the development of effective toxicological models that can approximate or simulate realistic human exposure scenarios, and the translation of toxicological findings into measurable indicators that can be used in human health risk assessment. In summary, this Review aims to improve the understanding of the risk to women’s reproductive health from exposures to pesticides and to provide insights into strategies for preventing and managing reproductive health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"575–595 575–595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorption, Extraction, and Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmentally Weathered Microplastics, Particulate Organic Matter, Sediment, and Fish Species in the Lavaca-Matagorda Bay System","authors":"Oluniyi O. Fadare*,&nbsp;Nigel Lascelles,&nbsp;Jessica Myers,&nbsp;Andrew Gray and Jeremy L. Conkle,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0022310.1021/envhealth.4c00223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00223https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00223","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The historical industrial input of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and, more recently, microplastics into the Lavaca-Matagorda Bay system is a threat to its health and the region’s fishery economy. Our study assessed the role of microplastics in PAH mobility within Lavaca-Matagorda Bay. We investigated concentrations of the EPA’s 16 high-priority PAHs on microplastics, particulate organic matter, and surface sediments. Additionally, the gastrointestinal tracts of three economically important fishes within the bay [<i>Paralichthys lethostigma</i> (<i>n</i> = 46), <i>Sciaenops ocellatus</i> (<i>n</i> = 47), and <i>Cynoscion nebulosus</i> (<i>n</i> = 85)] were examined for microplastics, while their liver and muscle tissue were analyzed for PAHs. In all three matrices, the average concentration of ∑16PAHs ranged from 890.2 to 28,574.0 ng·g^–1. The average individual PAH concentration in fish species ranged from 75.1 to 145.4 ng·g^–1. Fish species in all of the sampling sites were classified between minimally and moderately polluted, with potential PAH bioaccumulation observed only in the southern flounder. About 67% of all of the analyzed sediment samples from Lavaca-Matagorda Bay indicate possible adverse or moderate adverse biological effects. This demonstrates the need for greater remediation of the existing pollution and continued monitoring of industrial discharges within Lavaca-Matagorda Bay to reduce harm to the ecosystem and the local economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"690–700 690–700"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric Disorders Mediate the Association between Floods and Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study in the UK Biobank","authors":"Yao Wu,&nbsp;Bo Wen,&nbsp;Danijela Gasevic,&nbsp;Rongbin Xu,&nbsp;Zhengyu Yang,&nbsp;Pei Yu,&nbsp;Yanming Liu,&nbsp;Guowei Zhou,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Jiangning Song,&nbsp;Hong Liu,&nbsp;Shanshan Li and Yuming Guo*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0024110.1021/envhealth.4c00241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00241https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00241","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Flooding has become more frequent and severe worldwide, leading to an increased burden of psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression and anxiety). Psychiatric disorders are associated with an increased risk of subsequent dementia. However, the associations among floods, psychiatric disorders, and dementia are still unclear. Using a population cohort from the UK Biobank, we aimed to investigate the mediating role of psychiatric disorders on the associations between floods and dementia. In this study, cumulative exposure to floods over an eight-year period preceding the study baseline was assessed for each participant at residential addresses. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to study the associations of flooding exposure with psychiatric disorders and dementia. Stratified analyses and mediation analyses were conducted to examine whether psychiatric disorders mediate the relationship between floods and dementia. During a median follow-up of 12.3 years (interquartile range: 11.6–13.0), 0.9% (2,028) of participants developed dementia and 9.5% (21,629) were diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. The flooding exposure was associated with an 8.0% increased risk of incident dementia (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.080, 95% CI: 1.023–1.141). The flood–dementia association was observed to be partially mediated by several subtypes of psychiatric disorders (overall proportion of mediation: 75.7%), with psychotic disorder accounting for 49.7% (indirect effect HR: 1.039, 95% confidence interval: 1.015–1.064) of flood-related dementia, followed by stress-related disorder (proportion of mediation: 18.1%), and depression (proportion of mediation: 3.9%). This study provides evidence of an increased risk of dementia associated with exposure to floods, with psychiatric disorders playing a crucial mediating role in the flood-related dementia pathway. These findings suggest that flooding exposure is a critical risk factor for dementia, and targeted interventions addressing postdisaster mental health may be crucial for dementia prevention in affected populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"680–689 680–689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unseen Threats: The Impact of Relatively Low-Level Ambient Air Pollution on Autoimmune Diseases","authors":"Rui-Xue Leng*,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Wenbiao Hu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0028110.1021/envhealth.4c00281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00281https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00281","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In developing countries like China, personal air-purifying respirators and indoor air purifiers are commonly used to mitigate high levels of air pollution, whereas lower pollution levels in many developed countries lead to less proactive measures. However, emerging evidence suggests that even relatively low-level air pollution can elevate the risk of autoimmune diseases. Recent biobank studies demonstrated a linear relationship between chronic exposure to relatively low-level ambient air pollution and the incidence of autoimmune diseases, particularly in genetically susceptible populations. Furthermore, evidence indicates that short-term exposure to low levels of PM_2.5 is associated with disease flares. This Viewpoint highlights the often-overlooked risks of low-level air pollution in contributing to autoimmune diseases in individuals with genetic predispositions; it aims to raise awareness of prevention strategies and advocate nonpharmacological interventions at both the population and individual levels, to protect high-risk groups and alleviate the burden of autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"571–574 571–574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brominated Flame Retardants Exposure Promotes the Formation of Atherosclerotic Plaque in Aortic Roots of ApoE–/– Mice by Increasing Macrophage Recruitment and Foam Cell Formation","authors":"Shasha Li,&nbsp;Dongyuan Bian,&nbsp;Hongqi Deng,&nbsp;Junkai Guo,&nbsp;Xiaobing Wu,&nbsp;Hao Liu,&nbsp;Rui Wen,&nbsp;Yiyan Li,&nbsp;Nan Liu,&nbsp;Suli Huang and Guimiao Lin*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0018310.1021/envhealth.4c00183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00183https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00183","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are persistent organic pollutants worldwide. However, the effect of BFRs on the development of atherosclerosis is currently unknown. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of three typical BFRs (BDE-47, BDE-209, and DBDPE) on the development of atherosclerosis and explored the underlying mechanisms using an <i>in vitro</i> cell model and <i>ApoE</i>^{<i>–/–</i>} mice. Our data showed that BFRs significantly inhibited the viability of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and induced the generation of ROS. BFRs significantly enhanced the content of Ox-LDL in THP-1 macrophages, which promoted the formation of foam cells. In an <i>in vivo</i> study, BFRs exposure significantly increased the plaque area and lipid content in the aortic root of mice. BFRs significantly increased the ROS level in plaques and promoted the expression level of adhesion molecule ICAM-1, which enhanced the recruitment of macrophages. Transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. In summary, these results indicate that BFRs exposure can promote the development of atherosclerosis by increasing macrophage recruitment and foam cell formation, which elucidates the impact of BFRs on atherosclerosis for the first time, and provide scientific clues for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"669–679 669–679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children’s Lung Function Was Lower in 2017–2018 than in 1995–1996: The Roles of Air Quality Change and Individual-Level Risk Factors","authors":"Meilin Yan,&nbsp;Jicheng Gong*,&nbsp;Xiaoli Duan,&nbsp;Lingyan He,&nbsp;Qin Liu,&nbsp;Weiwei Lin,&nbsp;Suzhen Cao,&nbsp;Meng Wang,&nbsp;Howard Kipen,&nbsp;Haidong Kan and Junfeng Jim Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0022110.1021/envhealth.4c00221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00221https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00221","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Air quality has improved while the lifestyle of children has changed substantially over the past 2 decades in four Chinese cities. It is unknown how these changes affected the lung function of children. We analyzed data collected in 1995–1996 and 2017–2018. In each period, &gt;2000 children 6–13 years were measured for lung function and surveyed for behavioral, residential, and health conditions. Monitored and modeled data for ambient air pollution were obtained. Age- and covariate-adjusted FVC and FEV₁ values were lower, and the proportions of children with low FVC and FEV₁ were greater in the later period than in the earlier period, while PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO_<i>x</i>, and O₃ levels changed by −42.8 μg/m³ (95% CI, −67.3, −18.6 mg/m³), −65.1 μg/m³ (−113.5, −16.7 mg/m³), −34.6 ppb (−69.2, 0.0 ppb), −27.5 ppb (−60.7, 5.7 ppb), and 1.5 ppb (−4.2, 7.1 ppb), respectively. A 4 ppb O₃ increase was associated with lower FVC by 105 mL (95% CI: 30, 180 mL) in boys and 76 mL (17, 135 mL) in girls. A generational decline in the lung function of children in the 4 Chinese cities has significant public health ramifications. Our findings imply that the reduction of ambient air pollutant concentrations from the 1995–1996 levels to the 2017–2018 levels were not sufficient to make lung function improvements. Risk factors that were absent or not as prominent in the earlier period may be responsible for lowered lung function during the later period.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"659–668 659–668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Virus Aerosol Chamber Study: The Impact of UVA, UVC, and H2O2 on Airborne Viral Transmission","authors":"Ali Mohamadi Nasrabadi,&nbsp;Diana Eckstein,&nbsp;Peter Mettke,&nbsp;Nawras Ghanem,&nbsp;René Kallies,&nbsp;Matthias Schmidt,&nbsp;Falk Mothes,&nbsp;Thomas Schaefer,&nbsp;Ricarda Graefe,&nbsp;Chaturanga D. Bandara,&nbsp;Melanie Maier,&nbsp;Uwe Gerd Liebert,&nbsp;Hans Richnow and Hartmut Herrmann*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0021510.1021/envhealth.4c00215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00215https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00215","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need to control airborne virus transmission, particularly in indoor environments with limited ventilation. This study evaluates the effectiveness of UVA and UVC irradiation, along with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), in inactivating aerosolized viruses. A 19 m³ virus aerosol simulation chamber, replicating indoor conditions, was used to simulate human respiratory emissions by aerosolizing <i>Escherichia</i> phage T4 (T4 phages) embedded in a pig mucin medium that mimics respiratory aerosols. Results showed a clear, dose-dependent reduction in viral genome copies with UVC exposure, where a dose of 129.9 mJ/cm² reduced over 99% of the viral genome copies. Although less efficient, UVA still contributed to virus inactivation, reducing detectable phages to 20% at 513.30 J/cm². Mucin provided a protective effect, making virus removal more challenging. Hydrogen peroxide enhanced disinfection, with 1.6 ppm reducing viral genome copies by 78%, and higher concentrations (up to 16 ppm) achieving over 99% reduction in the dark condition. The combination of UVA/UVC with H₂O₂ further enhanced disinfection, eliminating detectable virus genome copies entirely. These findings underscore the potential for using combined UV light and chemical treatments to effectively mitigate airborne viral transmission in enclosed spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"648–658 648–658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breath and Blood Metabolomics: A Comparative Study Using SESI-HRMS/MS and UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS","authors":"Zhifeng Tang,&nbsp;Jianming Yang,&nbsp;Xin Xu,&nbsp;Keda Zhang,&nbsp;Huiling Wang,&nbsp;Xin Luo,&nbsp;Mingliang Fang,&nbsp;Tao Huan* and Xue Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0024810.1021/envhealth.4c00248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00248https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00248","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Breath metabolomics enables noninvasive and rapid acquisition of metabolic information by detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. Secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS/MS) offers the highest coverage for detecting breath metabolites among current real-time breath analysis techniques. Although it has been generally recognized that metabolites in breath originate from the blood, a molecular-level understanding of the characteristics of metabolites in both breath and blood remains insufficient. In this study, nontargeted analyses of breath and blood samples from 11 healthy volunteers were performed using SESI-HRMS/MS and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS), respectively. Tandem mass spectrometry was employed for metabolite annotation. Twenty-six breath-unique metabolites and 73 blood-unique metabolites were identified. Besides, seven metabolites were found in both breath and blood, including 7-oxabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, levulinic acid, indole, pyroglutamic acid, malic acid, glutamic acid, and histidine. Intriguingly, the correlation of these metabolites between breath and blood was low (<i>r</i> &lt; 0.4 or <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Among all the confirmed metabolites, breath metabolites exhibit higher volatility according to their water–gas partition coefficient (log <i>P</i>_w/g) compared to blood metabolites. In addition, gender-derived differences in breath were significantly smaller than blood. In summary, this study indicates that breath metabolites are likely to offer complementary information on blood metabolites. When combined with blood metabolomics, this would be advantageous for the appropriate application of breath metabolomics in life sciences, such as in biomarker discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"596–604 596–604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Polyhalogenated Carbazole in an Anthropogenically Impacted Soil Groundwater System","authors":"Jiaxin Wang,&nbsp;Aifeng Liu,&nbsp;Minggang Zheng,&nbsp;YiLing Li,&nbsp;Lei Shi,&nbsp;Shuang Cao,&nbsp;Ling Wang* and Guangbo Qu,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0026310.1021/envhealth.4c00263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00263https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00263","url":null,"abstract":"<p >It has been proven that highly halogenated conditions could favor the generation of PHCZs in laboratory experiments, which has not been confirmed in the environment. In this study, carbazoles (CZs) and eight polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) were investigated in the groundwater–surface soil system along the coast of Laizhou Bay, around the main halogen producing areas, covering chemical enterprises, agriculture, aquaculture, and salt fields. The concentrations of PHCZs in surface soil and groundwater samples range from 0.15 to 1327.94 ng/g dry weight (dw) (mean: 80.06 ng/g dw) and 0.12–10710.56 ng/L (mean: 365.14 ng/L), respectively, much higher than those detected in other areas in China and abroad. The primary contaminant is 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole (1,3,6,8-BCZ), with a concentration range of nondetectable (N.D.)–10706.69 ng/L (detection rate, 95.79%) in groundwater and N.D.–818.52 ng/g dw (detection rate, 97.62%) in soil samples. The characteristics of the dominant position of 1,3,6,8-BCZ in the environment are different from those of other results from China, and its groundwater concentration is thousands of times higher than that of other water samples, indicating that highly halogenated environmental conditions also largely promote the generation of highly halogenated PHCZs, e.g., 1,3,6,8-BCZ. This may be the same reason for the identification of some PHCZ derivatives and mixed-substituted carbazoles in the studied area through suspected targeted screening. More than half of the soil and groundwater samples are considered to have moderate or high carcinogenic risk (CR_T &gt; 10^–4), and 11 of the 95 groundwater samples are considered to have high health risk (HQ_T ≥ 1). The mobility of groundwater improves the migration possibility of PHCZs from enterprises to residential areas to induce direct toxic effects, and the high concentration and risk levels of PHCZs in agricultural and aquaculture areas at present may induce bioaccumulation in agricultural and sideline products; therefore, the occurrence of PHCZs in the environment deserves urgent concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"636–647 636–647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Serum Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Concentrations on Immune Function in an Industrialized Region of China","authors":"Chuanzi Gao,&nbsp;Feng Quan,&nbsp;Wenhui Qiu* and Yi Zheng*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0022410.1021/envhealth.4c00224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00224https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00224","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study investigates the presence and health implications of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human serum samples collected from white-collar workers in an industrialized region of China. Our research offers fresh insights into the underexplored area of nonoccupational PFAS exposure among white-collar workers, shedding light on health risks linked to industrial PFAS pollution. Seven PFAS compounds were measured. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) emerged as predominant pollutants, with Σ₇PFAS concentrations averaging 65.486 ng/mL. Gender differences showed higher serum Σ₇PFAS levels in males, and age-related analyses suggested PFAS accumulation over time, with higher concentrations in older groups. Additionally, significant correlations were found between PFAS concentrations and biomarkers of oxidative stress and immune interference, specifically malondialdehyde (MDA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), indicating that PFAS exposure may contribute to oxidative damage and potential immunosuppression. The study highlights regional and international variations in PFAS serum concentrations, underscoring the influence of industrial activities on PFAS exposure and expanding on the established links between PFAS exposure and health outcomes. These findings call for targeted strategies to mitigate PFAS exposure in high-risk regions and warrant further research on PFAS health impacts, especially in regard to immune interference.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 4","pages":"352–362 352–362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}