{"title":"","authors":"Ala V. Overcenco*, and , Liuba Ş. Coreţchi, ","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 7","pages":"XXX-XXX XXX-XXX"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaojia He, Maureen Meister, Jennifer Jeon, Saeed Alqahtani, Pam Cushenan, Scott Weaver, Ruiyan Luo, Marilyn Black, Jonathan Shannahan* and Christa Wright*,
Hans Orru*, Wasif Raza, Francesco Forastiere, Joseph Spadaro, Henrik Olstrup, Nataša Dragic, Ivana Radic, Sanja Harhaji, Sanja Bijelovic, Lars Modig, Mike Holland, Sandrine Andres, Adrien Troise, Antoine Guion, Alicia Gressent, Jörg Schullehner and Johan Nilsson Sommar,
{"title":"A Review of the Evidence of the Toxicity of Chemical Substances Included in the European Union Ambient Air Quality and Drinking Water Directives: Perspectives for Health Impact Assessments","authors":"Hans Orru*, Wasif Raza, Francesco Forastiere, Joseph Spadaro, Henrik Olstrup, Nataša Dragic, Ivana Radic, Sanja Harhaji, Sanja Bijelovic, Lars Modig, Mike Holland, Sandrine Andres, Adrien Troise, Antoine Guion, Alicia Gressent, Jörg Schullehner and Johan Nilsson Sommar, ","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00277","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The European Union (EU) Ambient Air Quality Directive (AAQD) and Drinking Water Directive (DWD) are aimed at maintaining and improving air quality and ensuring high standards for potable water across the EU. Besides several other indicators, the AAQD and DWD consist of chemical parameters (substances or substance groups) that are regulated within this framework. All the substances are associated with various health outcomes, and many of them are classified as carcinogenic or probably/possibly carcinogenic with causal links. To quantify the health burden of the chemical substances included in the AAQD and DWD, we need information regarding population exposure, current baseline mortality/morbidity rates in the populations, and exposure–response functions (ERFs) or unit risks (URs) from previous epidemiological studies. During this study, we analyzed the availability of ERFs or URs and discussed their applicability in health impact assessments (HIAs). From the HIA perspective, ERFs─in terms of relative risk (RR), standardized mortality ratio (SMR), odds ratio (OR), or UR data─were available for many of the analyzed substances. However, for some substances such as acrylamide, antimony, boron, chlorate and chlorite, copper, microcystin-LR, and selenium, no risk measures could be identified. The aim of this study is to derive ERFs, which will allow HIAs for a larger number of chemicals when exposure data and baseline mortality/morbidity data are available. Currently, HIAs have largely focused only on main ambient pollutants such as particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub>), fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>X</sub>), and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>). In contrast, health risks related to exposure to chemicals are much more diverse, and the health burdens should be quantified to a much greater extent.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 9","pages":"970–997"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Lin*, Ruoxue Chen, Yihui Ge, Xiaodong Liu, Kian Fan Chung and Junfeng Jim Zhang,
{"title":"Nitrated Fatty Acids and Susceptibility of COPD to Air Pollution: Evidence from a Randomized Crossover Study","authors":"Yan Lin*, Ruoxue Chen, Yihui Ge, Xiaodong Liu, Kian Fan Chung and Junfeng Jim Zhang, ","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.5c00068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.5c00068","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Previous studies documented increased nitrative stress and susceptibility to air pollution among individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions. This study examines the role of anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective nitrated fatty acids (i.e., NO<sub>2</sub>-cLA) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)’s and ischemic heart disease (IHD)’s susceptibility to air pollution. In a randomized crossover study, 40 healthy, 40 COPD, and 39 IHD adults underwent a 2 h walk in a more polluted street or a less polluted park. We measured urinary NO<sub>2</sub>-cLA before and 24 h after the walk, as well as respiratory inflammatory biomarkers, lung function, airway resistance, and arterial stiffness. Baseline NO<sub>2</sub>-cLA levels were 2.56 (95% CI: 1.20–5.43)-fold higher among COPD participants than healthy participants, which can be explained by higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide and sputum myeloperoxidase levels. Among COPD but not healthy or IHD participants, the street walk, compared to park, led to a 57.7% (95% CI: 7.6–80.6%) decrease in NO<sub>2</sub>-cLA levels and sputum biomarker changes indicative of decreased neutrophil inflammation and proresolving responses. Decreased NO<sub>2</sub>-cLA levels were associated with exposure to black carbon and ultrafine particles and worsened lung function and arterial stiffness. Taken together, nitrated fatty acids partially mediate COPD patients’ cardiorespiratory responses to air pollution, explaining their susceptibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 9","pages":"1107–1114"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/envhealth.5c00068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyue Li, Chenyu Zhu, Qisong Xing, Huaying Liu, Yimeng Wang and Maosheng Yao*,
{"title":"Speaking Different Languages Impacts Size-Resolved Exhaled Breath Aerosol Particle Emission","authors":"Xinyue Li, Chenyu Zhu, Qisong Xing, Huaying Liu, Yimeng Wang and Maosheng Yao*, ","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.5c00096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.5c00096","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Aerosol transmission plays an important role in airborne-spread diseases. The transmission variations across language-usage regions were observed during COVID-19, however the potential differences from languages on aerosol transmission are poorly understood. Here, fifty-one multilingual volunteers were recruited to speak same-semantic dialogues in three languages selected from eight different languages studied to investigate the emission characteristics of exhaled aerosol across languages. The findings revealed that the size of exhaled aerosol particles generated by speaking was predominantly concentrated below 1 μm. The emission loads of exhaled aerosols during speaking and the associated potential risk of aerosol transmission across languages showed notable discrepancies. Additionally, the individual physiological factors such as age, gender and body mass index (BMI) also jointly influenced the exhaled aerosols during speaking. The machine learning model of random forest regression further revealed that language differences had a considerably greater impact on size-resolved exhaled aerosol emission concentrations than gender, but not than BMI. Thus, different language usages can influence the emission concentrations of exhaled aerosol during speaking, thereby impacting the potential for aerosol transmission across languages. This linguistic-induced diversity of transmission potentials could have played a non-negligible role in the disparate global dissemination patterns observed in aerosol-transmitted pandemics including COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 9","pages":"998–1007"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/envhealth.5c00096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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