Environment & Health最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Serum Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Concentrations on Immune Function in an Industrialized Region of China.","authors":"Chuanzi Gao, Feng Quan, Wenhui Qiu, Yi Zheng","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the presence and health implications of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human serum samples collected from white-collar workers in an industrialized region of China. Our research offers fresh insights into the underexplored area of nonoccupational PFAS exposure among white-collar workers, shedding light on health risks linked to industrial PFAS pollution. Seven PFAS compounds were measured. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) emerged as predominant pollutants, with Σ₇PFAS concentrations averaging 65.486 ng/mL. Gender differences showed higher serum Σ₇PFAS levels in males, and age-related analyses suggested PFAS accumulation over time, with higher concentrations in older groups. Additionally, significant correlations were found between PFAS concentrations and biomarkers of oxidative stress and immune interference, specifically malondialdehyde (MDA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), indicating that PFAS exposure may contribute to oxidative damage and potential immunosuppression. The study highlights regional and international variations in PFAS serum concentrations, underscoring the influence of industrial activities on PFAS exposure and expanding on the established links between PFAS exposure and health outcomes. These findings call for targeted strategies to mitigate PFAS exposure in high-risk regions and warrant further research on PFAS health impacts, especially in regard to immune interference.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 4","pages":"352-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging Population and Lacking Sanitation Governance: Global Challenges in Alleviating Deaths from Unsafe Rural Sanitation","authors":"Zixuan Wang,&nbsp;Pengyu Li,&nbsp;Wenkai Li,&nbsp;Yingnan Cao,&nbsp;Jianguo Liu,&nbsp;Lin Li,&nbsp;Junxin Liu and Tianlong Zheng*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0024610.1021/envhealth.4c00246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00246https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00246","url":null,"abstract":"<p >With the rapid pace of global urbanization, health risks faced by rural communities are often overlooked. Deaths Attributable to Unsafe Sanitation in Rural areas (DAUSRs) are influenced by demographic factors, disease mortality rates, and environmental sanitation conditions. However, most studies have been limited in scope and scale and lack a comprehensive evaluation framework for global DAUSRs. Therefore, this study estimated the global DAUSRs from 2000 to 2030, using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and the World Health Organization (WHO). We employed methods such as comparable risk assessment, Bayesian age (period) models, and AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models. Changes in the DAUSRs and their influencing factors were evaluated by applying a decomposition method to assess the impact of population dynamics, sanitation conditions, age structure, and disease mortality rates. The results indicated that despite improvements in rural sanitation, 12.2% of rural populations will still lack access to sanitary toilets in 2030, with an estimated 243,000 deaths (CI: 147,000–441,000) due to unsafe rural sanitation environments. This outcome highlights the need for better rural sanitation governance to provide for demographic shifts, such as aging and declining fertility rates, which are key drivers of DAUSRs. Regions such as Africa and Southeast Asia are at a higher risk with higher diarrhea-related mortality rates in rural areas. We suggest comprehensive measures, including enhancing rural medical facilities, improving sanitation infrastructure, and focusing on vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and children. These measures could inform global rural environmental and public health policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"626–635 626–635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient Temperature and Suicide Risk in Thailand: Evidence from Chiang Mai and Bangkok Provinces.","authors":"Ramita Thawonmas, Yoonhee Kim, Masahiro Hashizume","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00153","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide is a critical public health issue with rates varying across regions and demographic groups. Recent evidence suggests that ambient temperature may influence suicide risk. This study examines the association between temperature and suicide in Thailand's tropical climate, focusing on Chiang Mai and Bangkok provinces, and quantifies the attributable burden. Daily suicide and meteorological data from 2002 to 2021 were analyzed using a time-stratified case-crossover approach with a distributed lag nonlinear model, adjusted for relative humidity. Province-specific estimates were pooled through a multivariate meta-regression model. The study found a positive, mostly linear association between temperature and suicide risk, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.70 (95% CI: 1.35, 2.15) across the temperature range. Approximately 24.61% of suicides were attributable to temperature, with 12.05% due to hot temperatures above the 66th percentile. The pooled attributable fractions were higher in the 0-64 age group compared to those aged ≥65, while differences between sexes were not statistically significant. This study highlights the significant association between higher ambient temperatures and increased suicide risks in Thailand, emphasizing the need to integrate climate considerations into mental health and suicide prevention policies. Further research across diverse climatic zones is essential for understanding climate influences on mental health globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 5","pages":"560-570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Large-Scale Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Using Field-Collected Earthworms as Bio-Indicators in Shaoguan, South China","authors":"Xiangyu Wang,&nbsp;Shijia Cairang,&nbsp;Jingjing Du*,&nbsp;ZeBin Wei,&nbsp;QiTang Wu,&nbsp;Ligang Hu and Ming Xu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0024910.1021/envhealth.4c00249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00249https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00249","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Soil heavy metal pollution is one of the biggest issues that we are facing today, which poses serious threats to ecosystems and communities. However, a lack of efficient means and incomplete monitoring data are the main obstacles impeding soil pollution management and prevention in China. Moreover, it is rare to examine the possibility and reliability of using field-collected earthworms to assess the pollution degree of soil heavy metals in real-world situations at a large field scale. In this study, we investigate the potential use of field-collected earthworms as bio-indicators to assess the pollution characteristics and risks of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, As, Cd, and Cr) across three typical regions (Xiaokeng Reservoir, Dabaoshan Mine, and Smelter/Steel Plants) in Shaoguan, one of six trial zones identified for the Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan in China. Our results unveil the existence of significant differences in the spatial distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils and earthworms across these regions. The average contents of Zn, Pb, Cu, As, Cr, and Cd in soils were 329.7 ± 476.5, 180.9 ± 262.4, 82.9 ± 197.8, 66.6 ± 61.6, 53.3 ± 53.6, and 7.2 ± 8.2 mg/kg, while those in earthworms were 113.6 ± 112.1, 99.4 ± 106.8, 90.0 ± 126.9, 24.7 ± 30.8, 8.8 ± 9.4, and 5.1 ± 3.4 mg/kg, respectively. The internal exposure dose of heavy metals in earthworms is found to more accurately reflect their bioavailability under true environmental conditions than the external exposure dose in soils. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) exhibited the highest values for Cd (0.01–24.40), followed by those for Pb (0.06–9.94), Cu (0.12–5.23), Cr (0.02–1.90), As (0.02–1.18), and Zn (0.06–1.17). Further principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest (RF) classification ascertain that earthworms are more capable of differentiating heavy metal pollution in different regions than soil alone. Compared to the routine analysis of the total heavy metal content in soils, our novel strategy demonstrates the superiority of employing field-collected earthworms as bio-indicators for monitoring heavy metal pollution and discriminating potential sources of soil pollution in a real scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"616–625 616–625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient Temperature and Suicide Risk in Thailand: Evidence from Chiang Mai and Bangkok Provinces","authors":"Ramita Thawonmas*,&nbsp;Yoonhee Kim and Masahiro Hashizume,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0015310.1021/envhealth.4c00153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00153https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00153","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Suicide is a critical public health issue with rates varying across regions and demographic groups. Recent evidence suggests that ambient temperature may influence suicide risk. This study examines the association between temperature and suicide in Thailand’s tropical climate, focusing on Chiang Mai and Bangkok provinces, and quantifies the attributable burden. Daily suicide and meteorological data from 2002 to 2021 were analyzed using a time-stratified case-crossover approach with a distributed lag nonlinear model, adjusted for relative humidity. Province-specific estimates were pooled through a multivariate meta-regression model. The study found a positive, mostly linear association between temperature and suicide risk, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.70 (95% CI: 1.35, 2.15) across the temperature range. Approximately 24.61% of suicides were attributable to temperature, with 12.05% due to hot temperatures above the 66th percentile. The pooled attributable fractions were higher in the 0–64 age group compared to those aged ≥65, while differences between sexes were not statistically significant. This study highlights the significant association between higher ambient temperatures and increased suicide risks in Thailand, emphasizing the need to integrate climate considerations into mental health and suicide prevention policies. Further research across diverse climatic zones is essential for understanding climate influences on mental health globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 5","pages":"560–570 560–570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MPs Entering Human Circulation through Infusions: A Significant Pathway and Health Concern","authors":"Tingting Huang,&nbsp;Yangyang Liu,&nbsp;Licheng Wang,&nbsp;Xuejun Ruan,&nbsp;Qiuyue Ge,&nbsp;Minglu Ma,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Wenbo You,&nbsp;Liwen Zhang,&nbsp;Ventsislav Kolev Valev* and Liwu Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0021010.1021/envhealth.4c00210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00210https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00210","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Human uptake of microplastic particles (MPs) is causing increasing health concerns, and there is mounting pressure to evaluate the associated risks. While MPs can be ingested, breathed in, or drank in, a very direct entrance channel is available through ingress into the bloodstream. Intravenous infusion usually proceeds from plastic bottles. Many are made of polypropylene (PP), and filtering is applied to limit particle contamination. In this study, we examined the MPs’ content of filtrates using a combination of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We find that the number of PP particles is significant (∼7500 particles/L). The MP sizes range from 1 to 62 μm, with a median of ∼8.5 μm. About 90% of particles ranged between 1 and 20 μm in size, with ∼60% in the range 1 to 10 μm. We then discuss the potential number of such particles injected and the consequences of their presence in the bloodstream. We highlight the organs for potential deposition, and we discuss possible clinical effects. Our quantitative data are important to help evaluate the toxicity risks associated with MPs and to accurately balance those risks versus the benefits of using intravenous injections.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 5","pages":"551–559 551–559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MPs Entering Human Circulation through Infusions: A Significant Pathway and Health Concern.","authors":"Tingting Huang, Yangyang Liu, Licheng Wang, Xuejun Ruan, Qiuyue Ge, Minglu Ma, Wei Wang, Wenbo You, Liwen Zhang, Ventsislav Kolev Valev, Liwu Zhang","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00210","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human uptake of microplastic particles (MPs) is causing increasing health concerns, and there is mounting pressure to evaluate the associated risks. While MPs can be ingested, breathed in, or drank in, a very direct entrance channel is available through ingress into the bloodstream. Intravenous infusion usually proceeds from plastic bottles. Many are made of polypropylene (PP), and filtering is applied to limit particle contamination. In this study, we examined the MPs' content of filtrates using a combination of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We find that the number of PP particles is significant (∼7500 particles/L). The MP sizes range from 1 to 62 μm, with a median of ∼8.5 μm. About 90% of particles ranged between 1 and 20 μm in size, with ∼60% in the range 1 to 10 μm. We then discuss the potential number of such particles injected and the consequences of their presence in the bloodstream. We highlight the organs for potential deposition, and we discuss possible clinical effects. Our quantitative data are important to help evaluate the toxicity risks associated with MPs and to accurately balance those risks versus the benefits of using intravenous injections.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 5","pages":"551-559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Hidden Threat: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Pollution’s Distinct Traits and Crucial Impacts on Lung Function in Chinese Plateau Populations","authors":"Li He,&nbsp;Ce Liu,&nbsp;Hao Zhao,&nbsp;Zhaoru Yang,&nbsp;Erkai Zhou,&nbsp;Huan Chen,&nbsp;Huanhuan Wei and Bin Luo*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0026810.1021/envhealth.4c00268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00268https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00268","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The plateau region is conventionally regarded as a “clean land” with minimal environmental pollution, leading to scarce research on the distribution of emerging pollutants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their effects on the health of plateau inhabitants. To understand that, we studied participants from two representative towns in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, China. Lung function parameters (FVC%, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC) were measured, while PFAS concentrations in urine and indoor dust were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We measured the levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in urine. The results demonstrated a preponderance of short-chain PFAS in urine, with PFBS, PFPeA, and PFBA showing the highest detection rates. PFBA had the highest median concentration at 0.47 ng/mL. Similarly, in indoor dust, PFBA was the most frequently detected, followed by PFOA, with median concentrations of 0.56 and 0.44 ng/g, respectively. Multiple PFAS compounds showed significant inverse correlations with FVC% and FEV1%. PFAS exposure was associated with elevated oxidative stress biomarker levels (8-OHdG, 8-epi-PGF2α, and MDA), and their synergistic interaction aggravated the decline in lung function. This research provides valuable evidence of PFAS exposure patterns in the plateau population, highlighting the dominance of short-chain PFAS compounds and the concerning link between PFAS exposure and impaired lung function.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 6","pages":"605–615 605–615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of 4-tert-Butylphenol on Inflammation and Glycogen Metabolism in Cyprinus carpio L via the miR-363/PKCδ Axis","authors":"Jiawen Cui,&nbsp;Xinchi Shang,&nbsp;Yuhao Liu,&nbsp;Xiaohua Teng,&nbsp;Li Zhou* and Bing Yan,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0024210.1021/envhealth.4c00242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00242https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00242","url":null,"abstract":"<p >4-<i>tert</i>-Butylphenol (4-tBP), widely used in manufacturing polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, is commonly found in aquatic environments globally. This study investigates the chronic (60 days) hepatotoxic effects and the underlying mechanism of 4-tBP on fish, including concentrations with environmental relevance (≤100 μg/L), using <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L. as the model. Results showed that 1–500 μg/L 4-tBP triggered significant alterations in oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), with a dose–response relationship confirmed by the Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) index. Histopathological analysis and molecular experiments revealed inflammatory responses, disruptions in glycogen metabolism, and critical insulin signaling pathways (IRS1, AKT, and GSK3β). Further investigations, including miRNA sequencing and <i>in vitro</i> assays in primary hepatocytes, identified the miR-363/PKCδ axis as a critical regulatory pathway affecting these changes. This study demonstrated that chronic, low-level exposure to 4-tBP can induce hepatotoxicity in <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L. via the miR-363/PKCδ axis. These findings highlight the potential ecological and health risks posed by 4-tBP in the environment and suggest potential targets for therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 5","pages":"539–550 539–550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of 4-<i>tert</i>-Butylphenol on Inflammation and Glycogen Metabolism in <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L via the miR-363/PKCδ Axis.","authors":"Jiawen Cui, Xinchi Shang, Yuhao Liu, Xiaohua Teng, Li Zhou, Bing Yan","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00242","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>4-<i>tert</i>-Butylphenol (4-tBP), widely used in manufacturing polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, is commonly found in aquatic environments globally. This study investigates the chronic (60 days) hepatotoxic effects and the underlying mechanism of 4-tBP on fish, including concentrations with environmental relevance (≤100 μg/L), using <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L. as the model. Results showed that 1-500 μg/L 4-tBP triggered significant alterations in oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), with a dose-response relationship confirmed by the Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) index. Histopathological analysis and molecular experiments revealed inflammatory responses, disruptions in glycogen metabolism, and critical insulin signaling pathways (IRS1, AKT, and GSK3β). Further investigations, including miRNA sequencing and <i>in vitro</i> assays in primary hepatocytes, identified the miR-363/PKCδ axis as a critical regulatory pathway affecting these changes. This study demonstrated that chronic, low-level exposure to 4-tBP can induce hepatotoxicity in <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L. via the miR-363/PKCδ axis. These findings highlight the potential ecological and health risks posed by 4-tBP in the environment and suggest potential targets for therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 5","pages":"539-550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}