Environment & Health最新文献

{"title":"Hydroperoxide-Independent Generation of Spin Trapping Artifacts by Quinones and DMPO: Implications for Radical Identification in Quinone-Related Reactions","authors":"Lingli Wang,&nbsp;Jinhui Cao,&nbsp;Pu Wang,&nbsp;Yu Fu,&nbsp;Jialin Chen and Zhaohui Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0014210.1021/envhealth.4c00142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00142https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00142","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Quinones, as highly redox active molecules in biology, are believed to react with hydroperoxides to produce highly reactive ^•OH, assuming that radical adducts are exclusively formed by the addition of free radicals to the spin trap as detected by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methodology. Here, direct formation of the same DMPO adduct as that formed by genuine radical trapping of ^•OH is discovered, while quinones (i.e., 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), methyl-BQ (2-Me-BQ, 2,5-Me-BQ, 2,6-Me-BQ), and chlorinated-BQ (2-Cl-BQ, 2,5-Cl-BQ, 2,6-Cl-BQ)) meet with the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline <i>N</i>-oxide (DMPO), independent of peroxides. According to differences in alcohol-derived adducts (e.g., DMPO-CH₂OH or DMPO-OCH₃) while alcohol is attacked by ^•OH or DMPO^•+, a nonradical mechanism is proposed for the BQ/DMPO system. This is further evidenced by the mass spectrometry data in which DMPO-OCH₃ has been identified in BQ (or chlorinated-BQ)/DMPO systems. ¹⁷O incorporation experiments verify that hydroxyl oxygen in DMPO-OH originates from water. The DMPO-OH adduct might be formed via direct oxidation and water substitution or one-electron oxidation and nucleophilic addition. This study provides a peroxide-independent alternative route leading to DMPO-OH adduct in quinone-based systems, which has profound implications for assessing adverse health effects and even biogeochemical impacts of quinones if EPR is applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"143–153 143–153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use Modify All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Associated with PM_2.5 and Its Components? A Nationally Representative Cohort Study (2007-2017).","authors":"Wanzhou Wang, Chao Yang, Fulin Wang, Jinwei Wang, Feifei Zhang, Pengfei Li, Luxia Zhang","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00133","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies reported that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use could alleviate subclinical effects of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). However, whether chronic NSAID use could mitigate the long-term effects of PM_2.5 and its components on population mortality has been unknown. Based on a national representative survey of 47,086 adults (2007-2010) with follow-up information on the primary cause of death (until 2017), we investigated the long-term associations of PM_2.5 and its major components, including black carbon (BC), ammonium (NH₄ ⁺), nitrate (NO₃ ^-), organic matter (OM), and sulfate (SO₄ ^2-), with all-cause and cause-specific mortality using the Cox proportional hazards model. We also evaluated the effect modification by NSAID use (including broad NSAIDs, aspirin, or ibuprofen) on the associations using interaction models. Long-term exposures to PM_2.5 and its components were associated with increased risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, where BC, OM, and SO₄ ^2- showed stronger associations. Ibuprofen use could mitigate the associations of PM_2.5 and its components with mortality risks, while no significant modifying effects of aspirin were observed. For instance, along with per interquartile range increment in PM_2.5 concentration (34.8 μg/m³), the hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality were 1.21 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.22) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.19) in nonibuprofen and ibuprofen use groups (<i>P</i> for interaction = 0.026), respectively. Cause-specific analyses indicated that ibuprofen use could mainly mitigate risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) especially ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality attributable to PM_2.5 components. Stratified analyses found more apparent mitigating effects of ibuprofen use among participants without chronic diseases, participants ≤50 years, female participants, rural residents, and those with lower education levels. Our findings suggested potential implications in reducing population mortality caused by long-term exposures to PM_2.5 and its components through personalized interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"14-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use Modify All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Associated with PM2.5 and Its Components? A Nationally Representative Cohort Study (2007–2017)","authors":"Wanzhou Wang,&nbsp;Chao Yang,&nbsp;Fulin Wang,&nbsp;Jinwei Wang,&nbsp;Feifei Zhang,&nbsp;Pengfei Li and Luxia Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0013310.1021/envhealth.4c00133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00133https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00133","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Several studies reported that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use could alleviate subclinical effects of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). However, whether chronic NSAID use could mitigate the long-term effects of PM_2.5 and its components on population mortality has been unknown. Based on a national representative survey of 47,086 adults (2007–2010) with follow-up information on the primary cause of death (until 2017), we investigated the long-term associations of PM_2.5 and its major components, including black carbon (BC), ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃^–), organic matter (OM), and sulfate (SO₄^2–), with all-cause and cause-specific mortality using the Cox proportional hazards model. We also evaluated the effect modification by NSAID use (including broad NSAIDs, aspirin, or ibuprofen) on the associations using interaction models. Long-term exposures to PM_2.5 and its components were associated with increased risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, where BC, OM, and SO₄^2– showed stronger associations. Ibuprofen use could mitigate the associations of PM_2.5 and its components with mortality risks, while no significant modifying effects of aspirin were observed. For instance, along with per interquartile range increment in PM_2.5 concentration (34.8 μg/m³), the hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality were 1.21 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.22) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.19) in nonibuprofen and ibuprofen use groups (<i>P</i> for interaction = 0.026), respectively. Cause-specific analyses indicated that ibuprofen use could mainly mitigate risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) especially ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality attributable to PM_2.5 components. Stratified analyses found more apparent mitigating effects of ibuprofen use among participants without chronic diseases, participants ≤50 years, female participants, rural residents, and those with lower education levels. Our findings suggested potential implications in reducing population mortality caused by long-term exposures to PM_2.5 and its components through personalized interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"14–25 14–25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143091611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroperoxide-Independent Generation of Spin Trapping Artifacts by Quinones and DMPO: Implications for Radical Identification in Quinone-Related Reactions.","authors":"Lingli Wang, Jinhui Cao, Pu Wang, Yu Fu, Jialin Chen, Zhaohui Wang","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00142","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quinones, as highly redox active molecules in biology, are believed to react with hydroperoxides to produce highly reactive ^•OH, assuming that radical adducts are exclusively formed by the addition of free radicals to the spin trap as detected by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methodology. Here, direct formation of the same DMPO adduct as that formed by genuine radical trapping of ^•OH is discovered, while quinones (i.e., 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), methyl-BQ (2-Me-BQ, 2,5-Me-BQ, 2,6-Me-BQ), and chlorinated-BQ (2-Cl-BQ, 2,5-Cl-BQ, 2,6-Cl-BQ)) meet with the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline <i>N</i>-oxide (DMPO), independent of peroxides. According to differences in alcohol-derived adducts (e.g., DMPO-CH₂OH or DMPO-OCH₃) while alcohol is attacked by ^•OH or DMPO^•+, a nonradical mechanism is proposed for the BQ/DMPO system. This is further evidenced by the mass spectrometry data in which DMPO-OCH₃ has been identified in BQ (or chlorinated-BQ)/DMPO systems. ¹⁷O incorporation experiments verify that hydroxyl oxygen in DMPO-OH originates from water. The DMPO-OH adduct might be formed via direct oxidation and water substitution or one-electron oxidation and nucleophilic addition. This study provides a peroxide-independent alternative route leading to DMPO-OH adduct in quinone-based systems, which has profound implications for assessing adverse health effects and even biogeochemical impacts of quinones if EPR is applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"143-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Conference of ISEH, ICEPH, and ISEG on Environment and Health Successfully Held in Galway.","authors":"Chaosheng Zhang","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"2 11","pages":"846-847"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11574625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Conference of ISEH, ICEPH, and ISEG on Environment and Health Successfully Held in Galway","authors":"Chaosheng Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0018410.1021/envhealth.4c00184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00184https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"2 11","pages":"846–847 846–847"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observed Effects on Very Early Pregnancy Linked to Ambient PM_2.5 Exposure in China among Women Undergoing <i>In Vitro</i> Fertilization-Embryo Transfer.","authors":"Changxin Lan, Yichun Guan, Haining Luo, Xiaoling Ma, Yihua Yang, Hongchu Bao, Cuifang Hao, Xiaojin He, Han Zhang, Ning Gao, Weinan Lin, Mengyuan Ren, Tianxiang Wu, Chao Wang, Xiaoqing Ni, Chunyan Shen, Jianrui Zhang, Junfang Ma, Rui Zhang, Yin Bi, Lili Zhuang, Ruichao Miao, Ziyi Song, Tong An, Zhengteng Liu, Bo Pan, Mingliang Fang, Jing Liu, Zhipeng Bai, Fangang Meng, Yuanchen Chen, Xiaoxia Lu, Yuming Guo, Yunxia Cao, Qun Lu, Bin Wang","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00107","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adverse effect of ambient PM_2.5 exposure on very early pregnancy (VEP) remains controversial among epidemiological studies but is supported by toxicological evidence. We adopted a multicenter retrospective cohort of 141,040 cycles to evaluate the effect of PM_2.5 exposure on the VEP using the <i>in vitro</i> fertilization and embryo transfer platform and high-resolution PM_2.5 data in China. We first investigated the association between PM_2.5 exposure 1 week before and 1 week after the embryo transfer date and VEP. The average PM_2.5 concentrations of the 2 weeks were approximately 47 μg/m³. The pooled results revealed a negative association between women's accumulated PM_2.5 exposure during the 2 weeks near the day of embryo transfer and success odds of VEP with the relative risk of 0.999 (95% CI: 0.997-0.999) at each increase of 10 μg/m³. The women with the fresh cycle or one transplanted embryo were considered as a vulnerable population. Furthermore, seven periods for the fresh cycle and five periods for the frozen cycle from 85 days before oocyte retrieval to the day of gestational sac detection by ultrasound detection were defined. For these exposure periods, no association between the average PM_2.5 exposure and VEP risk was identified. Our study provided large-scale population evidence for the association between PM_2.5 exposure near embryo transfer day and VEP and identified vulnerable populations among women undergoing <i>in vitro</i> fertilization-embryo transfer.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"2 12","pages":"918-928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11667290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiphase Radical Chemical Processes Induced by Air Pollutants and the Associated Health Effects.","authors":"Qineng Wang, Huan Song, Huabin Dong, Song Guo, Maosheng Yao, Yi Wan, Keding Lu","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00157","DOIUrl":"10.1021/envhealth.4c00157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air pollution is increasingly recognized as a significant health risk, yet our understanding of its underlying chemical and physiological mechanisms remains incomplete. Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone (O₃) interact with biomolecules in intracellular and microenvironments, such as the epithelial lining fluid (ELF), leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS trigger cellular inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, contributing to a spectrum of diseases affecting the respiratory, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. Extensive epidemiological and toxicological research highlights the pivotal role of ROS in air pollution-related diseases. It is crucial to comprehend the intricate chemical processes and accompanying physiological effects of ROS from air pollutants. This review aims to systematically summarize ROS generation mechanisms in the ELF and measurement techniques of oxidative potential (OP), taking the kinetic reactions of ROS cycling in the ELF as an example, and discusses the general health implications of ROS in respiratory, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. Understanding these processes through interdisciplinary research is essential to develop effective and precise strategies as well as air quality standards to mitigate the public health impacts of air pollution globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiphase Radical Chemical Processes Induced by Air Pollutants and the Associated Health Effects","authors":"Qineng Wang,&nbsp;Huan Song*,&nbsp;Huabin Dong,&nbsp;Song Guo,&nbsp;Maosheng Yao,&nbsp;Yi Wan and Keding Lu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0015710.1021/envhealth.4c00157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00157https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00157","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Air pollution is increasingly recognized as a significant health risk, yet our understanding of its underlying chemical and physiological mechanisms remains incomplete. Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone (O₃) interact with biomolecules in intracellular and microenvironments, such as the epithelial lining fluid (ELF), leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS trigger cellular inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, contributing to a spectrum of diseases affecting the respiratory, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. Extensive epidemiological and toxicological research highlights the pivotal role of ROS in air pollution-related diseases. It is crucial to comprehend the intricate chemical processes and accompanying physiological effects of ROS from air pollutants. This review aims to systematically summarize ROS generation mechanisms in the ELF and measurement techniques of oxidative potential (OP), taking the kinetic reactions of ROS cycling in the ELF as an example, and discusses the general health implications of ROS in respiratory, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. Understanding these processes through interdisciplinary research is essential to develop effective and precise strategies as well as air quality standards to mitigate the public health impacts of air pollution globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"1–13 1–13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143091610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observed Effects on Very Early Pregnancy Linked to Ambient PM2.5 Exposure in China among Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer","authors":"Changxin Lan,&nbsp;Yichun Guan,&nbsp;Haining Luo,&nbsp;Xiaoling Ma,&nbsp;Yihua Yang,&nbsp;Hongchu Bao,&nbsp;Cuifang Hao,&nbsp;Xiaojin He,&nbsp;Han Zhang,&nbsp;Ning Gao,&nbsp;Weinan Lin,&nbsp;Mengyuan Ren,&nbsp;Tianxiang Wu,&nbsp;Chao Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Ni,&nbsp;Chunyan Shen,&nbsp;Jianrui Zhang,&nbsp;Junfang Ma,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Yin Bi,&nbsp;Lili Zhuang,&nbsp;Ruichao Miao,&nbsp;Ziyi Song,&nbsp;Tong An,&nbsp;Zhengteng Liu,&nbsp;Bo Pan,&nbsp;Mingliang Fang,&nbsp;Jing Liu,&nbsp;Zhipeng Bai,&nbsp;Fangang Meng,&nbsp;Yuanchen Chen,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Lu,&nbsp;Yuming Guo,&nbsp;Yunxia Cao*,&nbsp;Qun Lu* and Bin Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.4c0010710.1021/envhealth.4c00107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00107https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00107","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The adverse effect of ambient PM_2.5 exposure on very early pregnancy (VEP) remains controversial among epidemiological studies but is supported by toxicological evidence. We adopted a multicenter retrospective cohort of 141,040 cycles to evaluate the effect of PM_2.5 exposure on the VEP using the <i>in vitro</i> fertilization and embryo transfer platform and high-resolution PM_2.5 data in China. We first investigated the association between PM_2.5 exposure 1 week before and 1 week after the embryo transfer date and VEP. The average PM_2.5 concentrations of the 2 weeks were approximately 47 μg/m³. The pooled results revealed a negative association between women’s accumulated PM_2.5 exposure during the 2 weeks near the day of embryo transfer and success odds of VEP with the relative risk of 0.999 (95% CI: 0.997–0.999) at each increase of 10 μg/m³. The women with the fresh cycle or one transplanted embryo were considered as a vulnerable population. Furthermore, seven periods for the fresh cycle and five periods for the frozen cycle from 85 days before oocyte retrieval to the day of gestational sac detection by ultrasound detection were defined. For these exposure periods, no association between the average PM_2.5 exposure and VEP risk was identified. Our study provided large-scale population evidence for the association between PM_2.5 exposure near embryo transfer day and VEP and identified vulnerable populations among women undergoing <i>in vitro</i> fertilization-embryo transfer.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"2 12","pages":"918–928 918–928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/envhealth.4c00107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}