Environment & Health最新文献

{"title":"Exposure to Legacy and Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Diminished Ovarian Reserve: Evidence from Blood-Follicle Transfer and Mixture Risk Assessment in Reproductive-Aged Women","authors":"Yuanyi Gu,&nbsp;Yining Li,&nbsp;Xiaochen Chang,&nbsp;Shanshan Wu,&nbsp;Jichun Tan,&nbsp;Jiayin Dai","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.5c00832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.5c00832","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emerging evidence implicates per- and polyfluoroalkylsubstances(PFAS) in adverse alterations to the follicular microenvironment,yet their potential contribution to diminished ovarian reserve (DOR)remains poorly characterized. This study systematically quantifiedboth legacy and novel PFAS in matched plasma and follicular fluidsamples from reproductive-aged women in Shenyang, China (2017–2020),and determined compound-specific blood-follicle transfer efficiencies(BFTEs). A matched case-control design, controlling for age and bodymass index (BMI), was applied to evaluate associations between PFASconcentrations─both as individual analytes and as chemicalmixtures─in follicular fluid and the presence of DOR, as assessedby anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC).Two perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECA) (PFMOAA and PFO5DoDA)were identified for the first time in human follicular fluid. BFTEsexhibited substantial variability (62.43%–470.93%) and a clearinverse relationship with carbon chain length, with short-chain perfluorocarboxylicacids (PFCA) (PFBA and PFHpA) and PFECA (PFMOAA and PFO5DoDA) showingmarked preferential partitioning into follicular fluid (BFTE &gt;1).Elevated follicular concentrations of PFBA and PFPeA were significantlyassociated with increased DOR risk, accompanied by concomitant reductionsin AMH and AFC. Mixture modeling further demonstrated a positive associationbetween total PFAS burden and DOR. Bayesian kernel machine regressionidentified short-chain PFCA and PFECA as the principal contributors,with PFBA representing the dominant driver of the observed effect.These findings reveal the bioaccumulation of short-chain PFAS in follicles,including emerging compounds, and provide compelling evidence fortheir involvement in impaired ovarian function which has direct implicationsfor reproductive risk assessment in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"4 8","pages":"1778–1789"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Mixture Associations of Prenatal Air Pollution and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Birth Weight Outcomes in an African American Cohort","authors":"Benjamin R. Kessler,&nbsp;Anne L. Dunlop,&nbsp;Robert B. Hood,&nbsp;Stephanie M. Eick,&nbsp;Jiada James Zhan,&nbsp;Susan S. Hoffman,&nbsp;Zhihao Jin,&nbsp;Youran Tan,&nbsp;Erin Ferranti,&nbsp;Jeremy Sarnat,&nbsp;Audrey J. Gaskins,&nbsp;Howard H. Chang,&nbsp;Christine Ekenga,&nbsp;Donghai Liang","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.5c00490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.5c00490","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dietarypolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a critical rolein healthy pregnancy by supporting fetal development and modulatinginflammation. Few studies have considered how dietary PUFAs and environmentalexposures may jointly influence birth outcomes. We therefore investigatedthe joint mixture associations of prenatal exposure to traffic-relatedair pollutants (TRAPs), including carbon monoxide, fine particulatematter (PM_2.5), nitrogen oxides, and dietary PUFA intake,on birth weight for gestational age z-score (BWZ) in 297 pregnantAfrican Americans enrolled in the Atlanta Maternal-Child Cohort. Atmean α-linolenic acid (ALA) intake, a first-trimester interquartilerange (IQR) increase in PM_2.5 was associated with a 0.08(95% CI: 0.02–0.18) unit decrease in BWZ, but at twice themean ALA intake, the same PM_2.5 increase was associatedwith a 1.12 (95% CI: 0.19–2.05) unit increase in BWZ (<em>p</em>-int = 0.04). Similarly, at mean linoleic acid (LA) intake,a first-trimester IQR increase in PM_2.5 was associatedwith a 0.08 (95% CI: 0.02–0.17) unit decrease in BWZ, whereasat twice the mean LA intake, PM_2.5 exposure was associatedwith a 1.09 (95% CI, 0.16–2.02) unit increase (<em>p</em>-int = 0.09). Our findings suggest that higher prenatal PUFA intakemay mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution on fetal growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"4 8","pages":"1637–1647"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trihalomethane Concentrations Measured at the Tap are a Poor Predictor of Haloacetonitrile Concentrations in Small Rural Drinking Water Systems","authors":"Emily N. Byers,&nbsp;Lindell E. Ormsbee,&nbsp;W. Jay Christian,&nbsp;Nina McCoy,&nbsp;Madison Mooney,&nbsp;Debi Sexton,&nbsp;Jason M. Unrine","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.6c00095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.6c00095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Haloacetonitriles are drivers of disinfection byproduct(DBP) toxicitywith in vitro assays. Regulated trihalomethanes have historicallybeen an indicator of haloacetonitriles; however, differences in precursors,disinfectants used, and network variability reduce the reliabilityof trihalomethanes as an indicator for toxicity. The spatial–temporalvariability in haloacetonitriles and trihalomethanes in rural drinkingwater systems was analyzed using monthly tap water collected in twosystems for two years (<em>n</em>_homes = 34; <em>n</em>_samples = 623). Median concentrations were 69.8μg L^–1 (Interquartile Range (IQR) 43.2–98.5)for total trihalomethanes and 5.1 μg L^–1 (IQR4.5–5.9) for total haloacetonitriles. Concentrations were influencedby temperatures and changes in precursors which were exacerbated bytreatment operations (e.g., prechlorination, greater source waterDBP forming potential). The ratio of haloacetonitriles to trihalomethaneswas greater during the spring and in homes with decreased water ages.Brominated species contributed a larger portion of the mass concentrationof haloacetonitriles than the trihalomethanes. Trihalomethanes andhaloacetonitrile concentrations were poorly correlated (<em>r</em>_Pearson = 0.41). The cytotoxicity of trihalomethanes andhaloacetonitriles were more strongly correlated (<em>r</em>_Pearson = 0.72) in the presence of increased Br^–. Variation in haloacetonitriles with respect to surface water qualityand system operation conditions differ significantly from trihalomethanes,making trihalomethanes a poor surrogate. In systems with elevatedBr^–, trihalomethanes may serve as an indicator ofthe occurrence of brominated-haloacetonitriles.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"4 8","pages":"1708–1719"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor VOCs Exposure Disrupts Hemostatic Balance: Plasma Proteomics Identifies Complement and Coagulation Cascade Dysregulation as a Critical Signature","authors":"Yurong Cui,&nbsp;Gan Miao,&nbsp;Duxing Li,&nbsp;Tian Qiu,&nbsp;Peijie Sun,&nbsp;Yuebin Lv,&nbsp;Xiaohan Sun,&nbsp;Yijiao Li,&nbsp;Rong Zhang,&nbsp;Lin Lu,&nbsp;Xiaoting Jin,&nbsp;Yuxin Zheng","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.5c00641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.5c00641","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are prevalent indoorpollutants,posing significant health risks. However, current toxicological datafocus predominantly on individual compounds, leaving a critical gapin understanding how exposure to mixed VOCs alters the plasma proteomeand impacts health risk prediction. Herein, we investigated VOCs-inducedhematological disturbances using a whole-body inhalation exposuremodel with C57BL/6J mice (<em>n</em> = 3) exposed to decoration-derivedVOCs for 8 weeks. By integrating plasma proteomics with machine learning,we demonstrated that VOCs exposure significantly disrupts hemostatichomeostasis, primarily by perturbing the complement and coagulationcascades. Network enrichment and correlation analyses further identifieda network of suppressed pathways (e.g., platelet activation and focaladhesion) and activated pathways (e.g., necroptosis and IL-17 signalingpathway) that collectively drive this dysregulation. Critically, weidentified downregulated von Willebrand factor (VWF) and cell divisioncontrol protein 42 (CDC42) as a robust biomarker signature, as evidencedby correlation coefficients (<em>r</em>) of 0.91 and 0.90with complement and coagulation cascades, respectively. Leveragingthese biomarkers, we developed a highly accurate health risk scoringmodel. This study provides the first comprehensive molecular portraitof VOCs-induced hematological disturbances and presents a novel proteomics-drivenframework for the early prediction and intervention of VOCs-relatedhealth effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"4 8","pages":"1625–1636"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Life Exposure to PFOS or F-53B is Associated with Increased Asthma Susceptibility in Offspring and Alterations in the Pulmonary Barrier, Immune Function, and Gut Microbiota","authors":"Zhenying Lin,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Huang,&nbsp;Sujie Sun,&nbsp;Chunyu Cheng,&nbsp;Zelin Cao,&nbsp;Ze Chen,&nbsp;Meng Ni,&nbsp;Yi Hu,&nbsp;Jiuru Zhao,&nbsp;Qianqian Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaorui Liu,&nbsp;Zhiwei Liu","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.5c00473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.5c00473","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is phased out, itsalternative,6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B), has beenwidely used in China. However, the health risks associated with F-53Bexposure, particularly its potential effects on offspring respiratoryoutcomes, remain largely unclear. We therefore investigated whethergestational and lactational exposures to PFOS or F-53B alter earlylung development and influence asthma susceptibility in offspring.Pregnant mice were exposed to PFOS or F-53B at a dose relevant tothe human tolerable daily intake of PFOS during gestation and lactation,and maternal–fetal distribution was quantified by ultraperformanceliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) at embryonicday 18.5. Both PFOS and F-53B efficiently crossed the placenta andaccumulated in the fetal lungs. Following ovalbumin sensitizationand challenge, offspring from exposed dams showed increased airwayinflammatory pathology and goblet cell hyperplasia, along with higherbronchoalveolar lavage protein and elevated pulmonary <em>Il5</em> and <em>Il1b</em> expression, with PFOS inducing more pronouncedfunctional changes. Early life exposure downregulated pulmonary tightjunction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin at postnatal day 1, while transcriptomicsrevealed persistent dysregulation of immune-related pathways. 16SrRNA gene sequencing further demonstrated alterations in gut microbiotadiversity and composition. Together, these findings suggest that earlylife exposure to PFOS or F-53B is associated with changes in lung-barrierdevelopment, immune signaling, and gut microbial composition, whichmay contribute to an increased asthma susceptibility in the offspring.Notably, F-53B exhibits transplacental transfer efficiency comparableto that of PFOS, raising concerns regarding its safety as a PFOS alternative.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"4 8","pages":"1648–1663"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Research Upsurge of 6PPD-Quinone: Future Directions and Challenges for Hazard Evaluation and Pollution Control","authors":"Yanhao Zhang,&nbsp;Shusheng Zhang,&nbsp;Zongwei Cai","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.6c00169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.6c00169","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"4 8","pages":"1584–1586"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Triadic Framework for Context-Dependent Nanotoxicology through the Lens of Biotransformation","authors":"Wanqin Dai,&nbsp;Qinwen Fang,&nbsp;Zhiyong Zhang,&nbsp;Xiao He","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.6c00090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.6c00090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"4 8","pages":"1581–1583"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treg/Th Cell Imbalance Is Negatively Associated with Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Growth Impairment in Children Exposed to PFAS, PAHs, and Phthalates","authors":"Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Xie,&nbsp;Kaihui Li,&nbsp;Shuhan Qu,&nbsp;Jieting Chen,&nbsp;Rongyi Kang,&nbsp;Lei Tan,&nbsp;Xijin Xu,&nbsp;Xia Huo","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.5c00627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.5c00627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exposure to environmental pollutants such as PFAS, PAHs,and phthalateshas been associated with gut dysbiosis and developmental abnormalitiesin children, yet the underlying immunological mechanisms remain poorlyunderstood. This study investigated whether disruption of the Treg/effectorTh cell balance is association with these adverse effects. Our resultsdemonstrated that exposure to specific pollutants, including 2-OHFlu,mBP, miBP, and mEHHP were significantly reduced Treg cell frequencyand the Treg/effector T cell ratio. Furthermore, exposure to PFHxS,3-OHFlu, and mBP was negatively correlated with gut microbiota α-diversity.Additionally, PFHxS, PFNA, 2-OHNap, and mBP were associated with reducedlevels of SCFAs, key metabolites that were positively correlated withα-diversity. Notably, our studies showed most SCFAs showed negativecorrelations with the Treg/Th cell ratio, with valeric acid demonstratinga specific and significant association with Treg/Th17 cell ratio balance.Finally, linear regression confirmed that several pollutants, includingPFHxS, mBP, 3-OHFlu, and 2-OHNap, were negatively associated withthe Body Mass Index-for-Age Z-score. Collectively, these findingsdelineate a potential mechanistic pathway whereby PFAS, PAHs, andmay impair child growth by reducing gut microbiota diversity, suppressingSCFA production, and disrupting Treg/effector Th cell-mediated intestinalimmune tolerance. This study provides the first evidence linking themicrobiome-SCFA-immune tolerance axis to pollutant-associated developmentaltoxicity in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"4 8","pages":"1818–1831"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning-Enabled Metallomics Reveals Geographic Exposomic Signatures in a Large Brazilian Cohort","authors":"Déborah Araújo Morais,&nbsp;Wellington Tavares de Sousa Júnior,&nbsp;Gabriela Pereira de Salles,&nbsp;Marilia Cristina Oliveira Souza,&nbsp;Jose L. Domingo,&nbsp;Paulo Lotufo,&nbsp;Isabela M. Benseñor,&nbsp;Fernando Barbosa, Jr.","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.6c00155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.6c00155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humanexposure to environmental metals and metalloidsis shapedby complex interactions among geography, sociodemographic characteristics,lifestyle, and environmental conditions. Although human biomonitoringprovides a powerful framework to assess internal exposure, large-scalestudies capable of resolving geographically structured exposomic patternsremain scarce. This study aimed to evaluate whether metallomics profilescombined with machine learning can be used to identify GeographicExposOmic Signatures (GExOS), defined as geographically structuredinternal exposure patterns derived from integrated biomonitoring data.We profiled the plasma metallome of 9949 adults participating in theBrazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Plasmaconcentrations of 15 metals and metalloids were quantified ICP-MS.Unsupervised multivariate analyses were used to explore global metallomicspatterns, followed by supervised machine learning models (XGBoost)to assess geographic classification performance and identify the elementsdriving regional differentiation. Distinct plasma metallomics profileswere observed according to sex, age, education, income, smoking, andalcohol consumption. Unsupervised analyses revealed structured butcontinuous regional exposure gradients. Machine learning models demonstratedrobust geographic classification performance, with accuracy, sensitivity,and specificity consistently exceeding 80%. Rubidium emerged as amajor determinant of geographic discrimination, highlighting its rolein shaping spatially structured internal exposure patterns and definingGExOS. These findings demonstrate that the integration of metallomicsand machine learning enables the identification of GExOS, providinga scalable and biologically grounded framework to resolve spatialheterogeneity in the human exposome. Metallomics-derived GExOS encodeinterpretable and predictive exposure signatures with potential applicationsin environmental surveillance, population health risk assessment,exposure mapping, nutritional epidemiology, and forensic and regulatorysciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"4 8","pages":"1843–1852"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desalination of Seawater: Comprehensive Nontarget Assessment of Disinfection Byproducts","authors":"Walid El-Shorbagy,&nbsp;Amy A. Cuthbertson,&nbsp;Ryan Harren,&nbsp;Elizabeth D. Wagner,&nbsp;Michael J. Plewa,&nbsp;Susan D. Richardson","doi":"10.1021/envhealth.5c00858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.5c00858","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to growing populationsand water scarcity, desalination isincreasingly used to generate safe drinking water. A concern is thepotential formation of more toxic brominated and iodinated disinfectionbyproducts (DBPs) in the finished drinking water. While desalinationtechnologies remove much of the organic matter and bromide/iodideprecursors to DBP formation, lower molecular weight, uncharged compoundsand salts are not completely removed. We present a comprehensive nontargetidentification of DBPs from desalination, using a broadscreen, comprehensiveapproach with gas chromatography (GC)-high resolution-mass spectrometry(MS) to identify DBPs produced in desalinated waters treated withchlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, chloramine, and UV. We includereal desalinated waters from three large desalination plants in theUnited Arab Emirates, along with controlled laboratory treatmentsof these waters, allowing a direct comparison of different disinfectants.Mammalian cell cytotoxicity analyses for new desalination DBPs arealso reported, along with whole-water toxicology for treated desalinatedwaters. Fifty-five DBPs were identified, including many reported forthe first time in desalinated water, including a new dibromomethyl-pyrazole,along with haloketones, haloaldehydes, halonitromethanes, haloamides,and &gt;2 carbon haloacids. Di- and tribromophenols had greater cytotoxicitycompared to corresponding regulated di- and trihaloacetic acids. Reverseosmosis (RO)-treated waters had higher cytotoxicity than distilledwaters (multistage flash and multieffect distillation). Of the RO-treatedwaters, samples treated with ozone-chlorine had highest cytotoxicity,followed by UV, ozone, and chloramine, consistent with increased formationof more toxic bromonitromethanes and dibromoacetic acid with ozone-chlorine.However, DBP levels in the treated desalinated waters and whole-watercytotoxicity were lower than found in typical drinking waters, suggestingthat, despite increased formation of brominated DBPs, desalinationmay produce safer water overall.</p>","PeriodicalId":29795,"journal":{"name":"Environment & Health","volume":"4 8","pages":"1611–1624"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148810441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}