Small Science最新文献_第6页

Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity as Organic Cathodes for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries. 本征微孔聚合物作为快速充电锂离子电池的有机阴极。

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Small Science Pub Date : 2026-08-13 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70364

Eva Vásquez-Barillas, Ani N Davis, A M Mahmudul Hasan, Amrit Kaur, Swapnanil Goswami, Kiana A Treaster, Kausturi Parui, John D Langhout, Rachel H Bianculli, Joshua D Marquez, Gabriel Carson, Austin M Evans, Megan M Butala

{"title":"Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity as Organic Cathodes for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries.","authors":"Eva Vásquez-Barillas, Ani N Davis, A M Mahmudul Hasan, Amrit Kaur, Swapnanil Goswami, Kiana A Treaster, Kausturi Parui, John D Langhout, Rachel H Bianculli, Joshua D Marquez, Gabriel Carson, Austin M Evans, Megan M Butala","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.70364","url":null,"abstract":"Developing fast-charging electrodes requires understanding how polymer architecture governs ion-transport, redox-site accessibility, and charge-storage mechanism. While porosity improves electrochemical performance, its role at fast-charging conditions remains unclear. We investigate the effects of porosity by comparing polymers with a naphthalene diimide (NDI) redox-active unit and two contorted monomers (triptycene-like [tryp] and spirobisindane [spiro]) to a nonporous model system (NDI-model). In galvanostatic cycling, NDI-model exhibits low accessible capacity even at slow rates (25.8 mAh g-1 at C/10), indicating limited ion transport, related to its low surface area (35 m2 g-1). NDI-spiro exhibits a superior performance, retaining 74% of its C/10 capacity at 20C. Cyclic voltammetry reveals a surface-controlled charge-storage mechanism for NDI-spiro, attributed to its higher surface area (273 m2 g-1), which allows greater accessibility of redox sites. In contrast, NDI-tryp achieves high capacity at slow rates (50.4 mAh g-1 at C/10), but suffers from diffusion limitations and poor rate capability, related with its diffusion-controlled charge-storage mechanism. Extending this study to spiro-based polymers with other redox active units, perylene diimide (PDI) and benzenediimide (BDI), shows that redox-unit identity affects kinetics and rate capability, shifting the charge-storage mechanism from surface-controlled to a diffusion-controlled. These findings establish structure-property relationships for designing high-performance fast-charging organic battery electrodes.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 8","pages":"e70364"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Surface Engineering Strategy to Suppress Cathodic Precipitation in Seawater Electrolysis. 抑制海水电解中阴极沉淀的表面工程策略。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-08-12 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70368

Vasundhara Nettem, Muhammad Waqas Khan, Suraj Loomba, Sharafadeen Gbadamasi, Tushar Verma, Babar Shabbir, Ravichandar Babarao, Nasir Mahmood

{"title":"A Surface Engineering Strategy to Suppress Cathodic Precipitation in Seawater Electrolysis.","authors":"Vasundhara Nettem, Muhammad Waqas Khan, Suraj Loomba, Sharafadeen Gbadamasi, Tushar Verma, Babar Shabbir, Ravichandar Babarao, Nasir Mahmood","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.70368","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical seawater splitting powered by renewable energy offers a pathway to green hydrogen, but cathodic precipitation of Mg/Ca hydroxides severely impairs kinetics and deactivates catalysts. Here, we develop an ammonia-modified Cu3P/MoP (A-Cu3P/MoP) heterostructure that delivers efficient and precipitation-resistant hydrogen evolution in natural and alkaline seawater. Density functional theory calculations reveal that surface NH4 + species dramatically reduce the overall free energy of reaction intermediates and lower the potential-determining step to 1.24 eV at the *H-OH transition, thereby facilitating the Volmer step. Benefiting from this optimized interfacial chemistry, A-Cu3P/MoP achieves 0.50 A cm-2 at 574 mV in natural seawater and 1.0 A cm-2 at 416 mV in alkaline seawater, outperforming Pt/C. The catalyst maintains stable operation for over 500 h at 100 mA cm-2, whereas Pt/C rapidly degrades within 50 h due to severe Mg/Ca hydroxide deposition. In a 25 cm2 zero-gap electrolyzer paired with a lab-designed anode, A-Cu3P/MoP sustains ~420 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V for more than 50 h in seawater with negligible performance loss. Mechanistic studies indicate that interfacial NH4 + forms a positively charged layer that electrostatically repels Mg2+/Ca2+, suppressing hydroxide precipitation and enabling durable seawater electrolysis.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 8","pages":"e70368"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbonate- Versus Hydroxide-Based Precursor for the Synthesis of Li/Mn Rich Cathodes: Exploring Differences in Discharge Capacities and Cycle Life. 碳酸盐与氢氧化物前驱体合成富锂锰阴极：探索放电容量和循环寿命的差异。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-08-12 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70370

Pranti Sutar, Johannes Helmut Thienenkamp, Laurin Profanter, Tim Messink, Annalena Krude, Uta Rodehorst, Hyuck Hur, Gunther Brunklaus, Dominik Voigt, Martin Winter, Johannes Kasnatscheew

{"title":"Carbonate- Versus Hydroxide-Based Precursor for the Synthesis of Li/Mn Rich Cathodes: Exploring Differences in Discharge Capacities and Cycle Life.","authors":"Pranti Sutar, Johannes Helmut Thienenkamp, Laurin Profanter, Tim Messink, Annalena Krude, Uta Rodehorst, Hyuck Hur, Gunther Brunklaus, Dominik Voigt, Martin Winter, Johannes Kasnatscheew","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.70370","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium/manganese-rich (LMR)-based cathodes can enhance the specific energy of Li ion batteries and are conventionally synthesized via a carbonate-based precursor (LMR-CO3). The CO2 evolution-related voids and enhanced surface area can be avoided by calcination of a hydroxide-based precursor [LMR-(OH)2]. This way, the LMR releases less oxygen during charge, as seen by a decreased Mn3+/4+ redox activity and decreased voltage fade. However, the lower specific discharge capacity is attributed to a decreased lithiation amount in the initial cycles for LMR-(OH)2 and is related to a higher Li+ extraction degree, that is, a higher redox oxidation number at the discharged state. Interestingly, this decreases the accompanying amount of detrimental Mn3+ and is concluded to improve cycle life, due to, for example, minimized Jahn-Teller distortions and disproportionation reactions. The differences in lithiation (e- + Li+) degrees of the two LMRs emerge at end-of-discharge and can stem from differences in either redox resistance and/or resistance of Li+ intercalation, for example, due to slight crystal stacking faults in the course of different synthesis conditions and/or simply from bigger particle sizes.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 8","pages":"e70370"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Azobenzene-Cored Amphiphilic Dendrimers: Molecular Photoswitching Controls Dendriplex Topology and Gene Delivery. 偶氮苯核两亲性树状大分子：分子光开关控制树状大分子拓扑结构和基因传递。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-08-12 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70377

María J Puerto-Madorrán, Gonzalo Rivero-Barbarroja, Juan M Benito, Stéphane Maisonneuve, Itziar Vélaz, Christophe Di Giorgio, Conchita Tros de Ilarduya, Francisco Mendicuti, Carmen Ortiz Mellet, Juan Xie, José M García Fernández

{"title":"Azobenzene-Cored Amphiphilic Dendrimers: Molecular Photoswitching Controls Dendriplex Topology and Gene Delivery.","authors":"María J Puerto-Madorrán, Gonzalo Rivero-Barbarroja, Juan M Benito, Stéphane Maisonneuve, Itziar Vélaz, Christophe Di Giorgio, Conchita Tros de Ilarduya, Francisco Mendicuti, Carmen Ortiz Mellet, Juan Xie, José M García Fernández","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.70377","url":null,"abstract":"Azobenzene-cored ionizable amphiphilic Janus dendrimers (Azo-IAJDs) are introduced as molecularly defined, single-component vectors in which reversible photoswitching controls plasmid DNA (pDNA) condensation pathways, dendriplex topology, and transfection behavior. The amphiphiles combine asymmetrically substituted azobenzene cores with ionizable and lipophilic dendrons and undergo efficient, reversible E/Z photoisomerization under biologically relevant conditions. In the presence of pDNA, they form nanocomplexes displaying markedly different supramolecular organizations depending on the architecture of the ionizable domain, ranging from highly ordered lamellar nanoparticles to morula-like or weakly structured condensates. Molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that photoisomerization within preassembled lamellar dendriplexes introduces local structural frustration, transiently destabilizes bilayer organization, and enhances amphiphile dissociation. These structural perturbations correlate with enhanced intracellular delivery and transgene expression upon E ↔ Z interconversion. In vitro, Z-derived nanocomplexes systematically outperform the corresponding E-isomers in COS-7, HepG2, and RAW264.7 cells, while ex vivo photoswitching yields up to 50-fold increases in expression. In vivo studies further demonstrate isomer-dependent passive organ targeting, including pronounced shifts from lung- to liver-dominant transfection profiles. Collectively, these results establish molecular photoswitching as a mechanism to encode supramolecular DNA organization and biological function in single-component dendritic vectors.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 8","pages":"e70377"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moment-Equivalent Adhesion Statistics Inferred From Particle Resuspension Kinetics. 从颗粒重悬浮动力学推断的力矩等效粘附统计。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-08-11 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70361

Roy Almog, Ziv Klausner, Ronen Berkovich

{"title":"Moment-Equivalent Adhesion Statistics Inferred From Particle Resuspension Kinetics.","authors":"Roy Almog, Ziv Klausner, Ronen Berkovich","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.70361","url":null,"abstract":"Particle resuspension from surfaces is a fundamental process in many chemical engineering systems, including aerosol dispersion, powder processing, filtration, contamination control, and environmental dispersion. Accurate prediction of resuspension requires knowledge of particle-surface adhesion statistics, yet direct adhesion measurements are often technically demanding and strongly system-dependent. Here, a data-driven framework based on an augmented Rock'n'Roll (RnR) model is developed to reconstruct adhesion-force statistics from resuspension measurements. The present approach integrates a flexible bounded beta distribution into the RnR framework, allowing adhesion heterogeneity to be reconstructed without restricting the distribution to a lognormal form. It is shown here that this enables a robust, percentile-resolved reconstruction of adhesion statistics that remain mechanically consistent with rolling detachment physics and aerodynamic forcing. Implementing this approach across multiple datasets and particle systems, the reconstructed adhesion percentiles were found to exhibit a systematic aerodynamic scaling when normalized by the rolling lever-arm ratio. This reflects the linear contribution of rolling in the moment balance and serves as an internal consistency check of the inverse reconstruction. These results indicate that resuspension percentiles encode quantitative information about particle-surface adhesion interactions. By isolating the mechanically relevant resistance to rolling detachment, the proposed method infers adhesion statistics without direct adhesion experiments.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 8","pages":"e70361"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Copper-Complexing Lipid Unmasks the Ethanol Hidden Within Liposomes and Highlights the Relevance of Fabrication Method on the Performance of Lipophilic Functional Molecules. 铜络合脂质体揭示了隐藏在脂质体中的乙醇，并强调了制备方法与亲脂功能分子性能的相关性。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-08-04 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70357

Leonardo Severini, Beatrice Simonis, Davide Lanera, Marco Campanile, Pompea Del Vecchio, Federica Di Mascolo, Isabella Ossani, Francesca D'Acunzo, Cecilia Bombelli, Simona Sennato

{"title":"A Copper-Complexing Lipid Unmasks the Ethanol Hidden Within Liposomes and Highlights the Relevance of Fabrication Method on the Performance of Lipophilic Functional Molecules.","authors":"Leonardo Severini, Beatrice Simonis, Davide Lanera, Marco Campanile, Pompea Del Vecchio, Federica Di Mascolo, Isabella Ossani, Francesca D'Acunzo, Cecilia Bombelli, Simona Sennato","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70357","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70357","url":null,"abstract":"Liposomes are traditionally produced batch-wise using laborious bulk methods. In contrast, microfluidics (μF) enables operator-independent, continuous, and scalable production of liposomes with narrow size distributions, aided by advanced chip technology. However, μF fabrication may leave traces of the water-miscible organic solvent used to dissolve lipids. Thereby, benign solvents such as ethanol are employed, and post-processing ensures acceptable limits of residues. Nonetheless, residual ethanol can influence liposome structure, stability, and the performance of component functional molecules. These effects are typically investigated by microscopy, scattering, and diffraction techniques, not suited for high-throughput applications. Here, the impact of liposome fabrication method on the incorporation of 2-(hydroxyimino)-3-octyltridecanal (HIOTD) and on its performance as a Cu(II) chelator is assessed using UV-vis spectrometry. DMPC liposomes and a commercial μF micromixer chip are employed as a representative case, with solvent-free thin film hydration (TF) as a benchmark for comparison. Combined DLS, calorimetry, and fluorescence anisotropy analyses reveal physicochemical differences between μF and TF liposomes, while UV-vis spectroscopy highlights variations in incorporation and metal-binding performance of HIOTD. These findings demonstrate that the liposome fabrication route critically affects the functional behavior of embedded molecules and propose a convenient UV-vis approach for comparative evaluation of fabrication methods, in view of their clinical translation.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 8","pages":"e70357"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Applications of Vanadium Nitrides: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. 氮化钒的电化学储能与转化应用：最新进展与展望。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-08-02 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70363

Warfa Fatima, Sanjana Madapura Suresh, Subhashree Mohapatra, Sang Mun Jeong, Asish K Kundu, Chandra Sekhar Rout

{"title":"Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Applications of Vanadium Nitrides: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Warfa Fatima, Sanjana Madapura Suresh, Subhashree Mohapatra, Sang Mun Jeong, Asish K Kundu, Chandra Sekhar Rout","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70363","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70363","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for sustainable energy systems has driven advancements in materials for efficient energy storage and conversion technologies. Among emerging electrode materials, vanadium nitride (VN) has attracted attention due to its high electrical conductivity, excellent chemical stability, tunable electronic structure, and abundant electrochemically active sites, making it suitable for many device applications. Synthesis strategies, composite design, and electrolyte selection play critical roles in determining the electrochemical performance of VN-based materials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of VN, including theoretical insights, various synthesis routes, and their influence on structural and electrochemical properties. The application of VN in energy storage technologies like supercapacitors, ion-batteries, and metal-ion capacitors, is systematically discussed, highlighting its high specific capacity, excellent rate capability, and long-term cycling stability. Furthermore, VN's electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, oxygen reduction, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrogen reduction is critically evaluated, emphasizing its low overpotentials, enhanced catalytic activity, and favorable reaction kinetics. Despite these advantages, challenges like surface oxidation, structural degradation, and limitations in large-scale synthesis remain. Future perspectives on nanostructure engineering, heterostructure integration, and advanced electrolyte optimization are also extensively discussed. These characteristics position VN as a significant contender for next-generation energy storage and conversion technologies.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 8","pages":"e70363"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13431895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microenvironment-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for Ocular Surface Diseases: Mechanisms, Applications, and Translational Challenges. 眼表疾病的微环境反应性药物递送系统：机制、应用和转化挑战。

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Small Science Pub Date : 2026-08-02 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70354

Jiamin Liu, Liangbo Chen, Yao Fu, Siyi Zhang

{"title":"Microenvironment-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for Ocular Surface Diseases: Mechanisms, Applications, and Translational Challenges.","authors":"Jiamin Liu, Liangbo Chen, Yao Fu, Siyi Zhang","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70354","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70354","url":null,"abstract":"Vision impairment not only compromises patients' quality of life but also imposes a substantial societal and economic burden. Conventional ophthalmic formulation is hindered by ocular physiological barriers, leading to low bioavailability and necessitating frequent administration. To overcome these limitations, novel microenvironment-responsive drug delivery systems (MR-DDSs), have emerged as a highly promising strategy. This review aims to systematically summarize recent advances in MR-DDSs for treating ocular diseases, providing insights for clinicians and researchers. Firstly, we elucidated the characteristics of the ocular microenvironment under normal and pathological conditions, including factors such as temperature, pH, and the levels of ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enzymes. Subsequently, we introduced the categories, properties, and molecular mechanisms of stimulus-responsive polymers, followed by a summary of preparation methods, characterization techniques and performance metrics for major systems. Then, we summarized the application and therapeutic efficacy of MR-DDSs in managing a range of common ocular surface diseases, including dry eye disease, infectious keratitis, and corneal neovascularization. Finally, we critically analyzed the obstacles to clinical translation and propose promising avenues for future research. This review offers a comprehensive framework bridging material design, performance evaluation, and clinical translation, providing actionable insights for both clinicians and researchers in the field.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 8","pages":"e70354"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13431877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Injectable Artificial Photoreceptors: STEM Cell Functional Integration and in vivo Electrophysiological Validation in Retinal Degeneration Models. 可注射人工光感受器：干细胞功能整合和视网膜变性模型的体内电生理验证。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-07-31 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70353

Afshin Izadian, Ali Torkashvand, Benjamin Allan McCall, Yong Gao, Christine M Taylor, Fateme Karimi Hafshejani, Arupratan Das, Michelle L Surma, Sunland Gong, Amir Reza Hajrasouliha

{"title":"Injectable Artificial Photoreceptors: STEM Cell Functional Integration and in vivo Electrophysiological Validation in Retinal Degeneration Models.","authors":"Afshin Izadian, Ali Torkashvand, Benjamin Allan McCall, Yong Gao, Christine M Taylor, Fateme Karimi Hafshejani, Arupratan Das, Michelle L Surma, Sunland Gong, Amir Reza Hajrasouliha","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70353","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70353","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an injectable artificial photoreceptor (APR) is engineered to transduce visible light into cell-level electrical stimulation via localized surface plasmon resonance to restore vision in patients with vision loss. APRs comprise gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) dielectric coating and are integrated onto a high-permittivity barium titanate core. This yields a stable nanocomposite with maximum absorbance in the green band at around 525 nm. APRs were evaluated in vitro using human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cells (hRGCs) exposed to light stimulation. In vivo efficacy was assessed following intravitreal injection of APRs in the rd1 mouse model, and functional outcomes were evaluated using visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and pupillary light reflex (PLR) testing. In vitro, optical stimulation of hRGCs in the presence of APRs increased multielectrode-array (MEA) firing. This shifted cellular metabolism toward mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation without inducing apoptosis. In rd1 mice, intravitreal APR delivery produced robust restoration of light-evoked retinal activity in explant MEAs and improved functional readouts in vivo, validated by enhanced PLR and increased N1 amplitudes on flash VEPs. This study demonstrates that a fully injectable nanophotonic prosthesis can restore light responsiveness in a retinal degeneration model without the need for implanted electronics or genetic modification.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 8","pages":"e70353"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13431967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theory-Guided Low-Speed Centrifugation for High-Purity Boron Nitride Nanotubes. 高纯度氮化硼纳米管的理论导向低速离心。

IF 7

Small Science Pub Date : 2026-07-31 eCollection Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.70359

Thang Quoc Huynh, Jun-Hyung Im, Eunsu Cho, Jin-Kang Choi, Kwang-Suk Oh, Young-Ki Kim

{"title":"Theory-Guided Low-Speed Centrifugation for High-Purity Boron Nitride Nanotubes.","authors":"Thang Quoc Huynh, Jun-Hyung Im, Eunsu Cho, Jin-Kang Choi, Kwang-Suk Oh, Young-Ki Kim","doi":"10.1002/smsc.70359","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smsc.70359","url":null,"abstract":"Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are promising building blocks for next-generation technologies, yet synthesis-derived impurities and structural damage from conventional purification methods (e.g., harsh acid treatments, high-speed centrifugation) hinder their practical applications. Here, we report a theory-guided low-speed centrifugation strategy for high-purity BNNT enrichment without detectable structural damage. Leveraging fundamental sedimentation principles, this approach capitalizes on the distinct sedimentation contrast between compact impurities and high-aspect-ratio BNNTs. This mechanism enables highly selective separation, where impurities sediment rapidly while BNNTs remain suspended. Comprehensive experimental validations confirm that estimated BNNT purity approaching ∼95% is achievable, providing a favorable purity-recovery balance while preserving nanotube morphology and dispersibility under the tested conditions. The strategy exhibits versatility across tested surfactant systems in environmentally benign aqueous media, eliminating the need for strong acids or organic solvents while maintaining compatibility with ionic and nonionic stabilizers. Importantly, the purified BNNT dispersions retain their capacity for Onsager-type anisotropic assembly to form uniformly aligned architectures during subsequent gravity filtration. This offers direct opportunities for advanced anisotropic applications, including thermal management, mechanical reinforcement, and directional transport. By unifying sedimentation theory with practical processing, this work establishes low-speed centrifugation as a viable and sustainable strategy for high-aspect-ratio one-dimensional nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":29791,"journal":{"name":"Small Science","volume":"6 8","pages":"e70359"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13431879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0