Umberto Fugiglando, P. Santi, Sebastiano Milardo, K. Abida, C. Ratti
{"title":"Characterizing the \"Driver DNA\" Through CAN Bus Data Analysis","authors":"Umberto Fugiglando, P. Santi, Sebastiano Milardo, K. Abida, C. Ratti","doi":"10.1145/3131944.3133939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131944.3133939","url":null,"abstract":"People's driving behavior is influenced by different human and environmental factors, and several attempts to characterize it have been proposed. Nowadays, the standardization of the CAN bus and the increase of the electronic components units in modern cars offer a large availability of sensors data that make possible a more reliable and direct characterization of driving styles. In this work, we propose the concept of \"Driving DNA\" as a way of describing the complexity of driving behavior through a set of individual and easy-to-measure quantities. These quantities are responsible for some aspects of the driver's behavior, just as -- in the metaphor -- genes are responsible for the tracts of an individual. The concept has been tested on a dataset collected from the CAN bus consisting of more than 2000 trips performed by 53 people, in a wide scenario of road types and open traffic conditions. The Driving DNAs have been calculated for each person, and a graphical visualization of their comparison is provided.","PeriodicalId":297778,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Smart, Autonomous, and Connected Vehicular Systems and Services","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117079579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning Affordance for Autonomous Driving","authors":"Jianxiong Xiao","doi":"10.1145/3131944.3133941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131944.3133941","url":null,"abstract":"Today, there are two major paradigms for vision-based autonomous driving systems: mediated perception approaches that parse an entire scene to make a driving decision, and behavior reflex approaches that directly map an input image to a driving action by a regressor. In this paper, we propose a third paradigm: a direct perception based approach to estimate the affordance for driving. We propose to map an input image to a small number of key perception indicators that directly relate to the affordance of a road/traffic state for driving. Our representation provides a set of compact yet complete descriptions of the scene to enable a simple controller to drive autonomously. Falling in between the two extremes of mediated perception and behavior reflex, we argue that our direct perception representation provides the right level of abstraction. We evaluate our approach in a virtual racing game as well as real world driving and show that our model can work well to drive a car in a very diverse set of virtual and realistic environments.","PeriodicalId":297778,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Smart, Autonomous, and Connected Vehicular Systems and Services","volume":"92 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116269774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vulnerable Road User Protection through Intuitive Visual Cue on Smartphones","authors":"Taeho Kim, Wongoo Han, Hyogon Kim, Yongtae Park","doi":"10.1145/3131944.3131950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131944.3131950","url":null,"abstract":"As vehicle communication standards mature, protecting vulnerable road users (VRUs) using vehicle communication technology is looming as a promising and useful application. The current vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communication as stipulated by the standard such as SAE J2735 implies that it is mainly the vehicles that take the responsibility for VRU protection. In this VRU protection framework, user devices are essentially beacons that transmit Personal Safety Messages (PSMs). Upon receiving these PSMs, the drivers (or autonomous vehicles) take necessary measures to protect them. We, however, believe that the road users could also use the information about nearby vehicles to avoid dangerous situations. This paper discusses how the most distracted road user type, i.e., smartphone users, can use the Basic Safety Messages (BSMs) from nearby vehicles to notice approaching danger and take appropriate defensive actions. We build a complete prototype based on the IEEE Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) standards, and demonstrate how it can be used by pedestrians to notice imminent danger even while they are gazing at the smartphone screen.","PeriodicalId":297778,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Smart, Autonomous, and Connected Vehicular Systems and Services","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121792757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Privacy Risks in Vehicle Grids and Autonomous Cars","authors":"Joshua Joy, M. Gerla","doi":"10.1145/3131944.3133938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131944.3133938","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, the vehicle has been the extension of the manual ambulatory system, docile to the drivers' commands. Recent advances in communications, controls and embedded systems have changed this model, paving the way to the Intelligent Vehicle Grid. The car is now a formidable sensor platform, absorbing information from the environment, from other cars (and from the driver) and feeding it to other cars and infrastructure to assist in safe navigation, pollution control and traffic management. The next step in this evolution is just around the corner: the Internet of Autonomous Vehicles. Like other important instantiations of the Internet of Things (e.g., the smart building, etc), the Internet of Vehicles will not only upload data to the Internet with V2I. It will also use V2V communications, storage, intelligence, and learning capabilities to anticipate the customers' intentions and learn from other peers. V2I and V2V are essential to the autonomous vehicle, but carry the risk of attacks. This paper will address the privacy attacks to which vehicles are exposed when they upload private data to Internet Servers. It will also outline efficient methods to preserve privacy.","PeriodicalId":297778,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Smart, Autonomous, and Connected Vehicular Systems and Services","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129536058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Salman Ahmed, M. A. Hoque, Jackeline Rios-Torres, A. Khattak
{"title":"Demo: Freeway Merge Assistance System using DSRC","authors":"Md. Salman Ahmed, M. A. Hoque, Jackeline Rios-Torres, A. Khattak","doi":"10.1145/3131944.3131957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131944.3131957","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the development of a novel decentralized freeway merge assistance system using the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) technology. The system provides visual advisories on a Google map through a smart phone application. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first implementation of a DSRC-based freeway merging assistance system-integrated with smart phone application via Bluetooth--that has been tested in real-world on an interstate highway in an uncontrolled environment. Results from field operational tests indicate that this system can successfully advise drivers towards a collaborative and smooth merging experience on typical \"Diamond\" interchanges.","PeriodicalId":297778,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Smart, Autonomous, and Connected Vehicular Systems and Services","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115622157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Eduardo de Andrade, S. Byers, V. Gopalakrishnan, Emir Halepovic, M. Majmundar, D. Poole, Lien K. Tran, C. Volinsky
{"title":"Managing Massive Firmware-Over-The-Air Updates for Connected Cars in Cellular Networks","authors":"Carlos Eduardo de Andrade, S. Byers, V. Gopalakrishnan, Emir Halepovic, M. Majmundar, D. Poole, Lien K. Tran, C. Volinsky","doi":"10.1145/3131944.3131953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131944.3131953","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the problem of managing Firmware Over-The-Air (FOTA) updates for cars at a massive scale over a cellular network. This problem is constrained by factors like large number of cars, a need to perform updates quickly and securely, ability to do the update anywhere and any time, and delivering the often large update without harming the network. We present a scheduling approach for managing large FOTA downloads in a cellular network that combines historical network load with car usage and location analytics. The proposed approach uses a combination of heuristics and an optimized scheduler and applies them to schedule the admission of cars to download FOTA. Using real network data from a large cellular provider that includes a million cars and nearly a billion radio-level network connections, we show that our scheduling approach is feasible and practical. We also show that it is possible to manage FOTA even when device and network models use high levels of aggregation over time. Simulation results show that our method improves over random uncontrolled approaches by (i) reducing median download startup delay by 48%, (ii) reducing the number of cars that don't complete the update by 10% and most importantly, (iii) reducing the load in busy cells by up to 37%.","PeriodicalId":297778,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Smart, Autonomous, and Connected Vehicular Systems and Services","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115629011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiheng Feng, Weili Sun, Jianfeng Zheng, Henry X. Liu
{"title":"New Dimensions of Intersection Control with Connected and Automated Vehicles","authors":"Yiheng Feng, Weili Sun, Jianfeng Zheng, Henry X. Liu","doi":"10.1145/3131944.3133936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131944.3133936","url":null,"abstract":"Connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technologies are believed to offer tremendous benefits to the urban transportation system. Intersection control will also experience a transition process from the state-of-the-practice paradigm to a fully CAV deployed environment, and new dimensions will be added to the control framework. In this paper, we envision that the transition process mainly contains three major stages, namely, the detector-free signal operation, the generalized spatiotemporal intersection control, and the infrastructure adaptation. Several key challenges are discussed.","PeriodicalId":297778,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Smart, Autonomous, and Connected Vehicular Systems and Services","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122804238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detecting False Position Attack in Vehicular Communications Using Angular Check","authors":"S. Kuk, Hyogon Kim, Yongtae Park","doi":"10.1145/3131944.3131949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131944.3131949","url":null,"abstract":"With Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) finalized for legal enforcement from 2020 after the recent move by the U.S. Government, data plausibility is still an unresolved security issue. In particular, an attacker may forge false position values in safety beacons in order to cause unsafe response from startled receiving vehicles. The data plausibility is a longstanding issue for which various approaches based on sensor fusion, behavior analysis and communication constraints have been proposed, but none of these completely solve the problem. This paper proposes an angle of arrival (AoA) based method to invalidate position forging adversaries such as roadside attackers. Built entirely on the WAVE framework, it can be used even when the traditional sensor fusion-based or behavior-based check is inapplicable. The proposed approach is a completely passive scheme that does not require more than an additional antenna that is strongly recommended for performance anyway.","PeriodicalId":297778,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Smart, Autonomous, and Connected Vehicular Systems and Services","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131071954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Smart, Autonomous, and Connected Vehicular Systems and Services","authors":"","doi":"10.1145/3131944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131944","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":297778,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Smart, Autonomous, and Connected Vehicular Systems and Services","volume":"8 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127510963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}