Journal of the American Nutrition Association最新文献

{"title":"Ursolic Acid Reduces Parasite Burden Through Th-1 Mediated Immunomodulation in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis.","authors":"Supriya Mandal, Aishi Biswas, Utpal Bakshi, Madhusri Pramanik, Md Sabir Ali, Subrata Majumdar, Santanu Kar Mahapatra, Junaid Jibran Jawed","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2536301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2536301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Trypanosomatidae covers major pathogens of human host including the deadly <i>Leishmania donovani</i> parasite causing visceral leishmaniasis. This study aims to find the commonly expressed proteins among the different trypanosomatidae parasites having therapeutic efficacies and to elucidate the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring dietary compound Ursolic acid (UA) against the common targets and to understand its immunomodulatory effect in terms of <i>L. donovani</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>In- silico</i> methods were applied to identify the non-human, commonly expressed protein with high therapeutic efficacies among the five major pathogen of Trypanosomatidae including <i>L. donovani, L. infantum, L. major, Trypanosoma cruzi, and T. brucei</i>. The affinity between the target proteins and UA was investigated through molecular docking. Immunomodulatory and antileishmanial efficacy of UA was studied using different <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study identified 13 commonly expressed proteins with therapeutic efficacies across five different trypanosomatidae parasites. Docking analysis revealed that UA had a substantial binding affinity toward potential therapeutic targets of <i>L. donovani</i>. UA was found to be highly effective in killing promastigotes and amastigotes in infected macrophages <i>in vitro</i>. In <i>L. donovani</i>-infected macrophages, UA efficiently increased NO production, which is accompanied by the elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α) and the downregulation of IL-10 and TGF-β. During <i>in vivo</i> study in infected BALB/c mice, UA shows enhanced T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression in splenocytes with subsequent decrease in hepato-splenic parasite burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The widespread occurrence of UA in common fruits and herbs used in daily life contributes to its potential dietary intake and associated health benefits. Our study further highlighted the immunomodulatory role of UA, potentially influencing both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Overall, the study identified the significant drug targets among the family of trypanosomatidae parasites and demonstrated UA's possible effectiveness against <i>L. donovani</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Hesperidin, Diosmin and Proanthocyanidins Nutritional Supplementation on Cognitive and Motor Functions in Older Adults: A Pilot Randomized Control Study.","authors":"Silvia Giovannini, Alessandra Lauria, Anna Maria Malizia, Elisabetta Lama, Nadia Morciano, Lorenzo Biscotti, Claudia Loreti, Letizia Castelli","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2526600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2526600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frailty, falls, and disability are related to aging, which involves a decline in biological function. Proper nutrition can reduce frailty. When consumed in significant quantities, phytochemical compounds carry out a variety of biological tasks. Altermor^®, a nutritional supplement containing hesperidin, diosmin and proanthocyanidins, optimizes blood microcirculation. The purpose of the study is to evaluate improvements in cognitive function, balance, fatigue, and some aspects of quality of life by introducing supplementation with Altemor^® in the elderly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a randomized, crossover-controlled pilot study. Thirty-six elderly patients were randomized into three groups: G-ALT12, G-ALT21, and G-CON. G-ALT12 patients took 1 stick/day of Altemor^® for 8 wk, did 4 wk of wash-out, and then took 2 sticks/day of Altemor^® for another 8 wk; G-Alt21 patients took 2 sticks/day of Altemor^® for 8 wk, did 4 wk of wash-out, and then took 1 stick/day of Altemor^® for another 8 wk. G-CON patients took any supplements beyond their daily routine. All patients were assessed at baseline, after 8 wk, after 12 wk, and after 20 wk for cognitive and motor performance, mood, fatigue, and quality of life. After 1 week and 13 wk, patients were evaluated for attention only.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both experimental groups showed statistically significant differences from the control group in cognitive function, particularly attention, and fall risk. No domains showed statistically significant differences between the two experimental groups. No significant differences were found in any domain when comparing the two experimental doses (1 stick/day vs. 2 sticks/day).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the older adults, dietary supplementation with hesperidin, diosmin and proanthocyanidins showed a positive effect on improving cognitive functions (attention, learning, memory) as well as significantly reducing the risk of falling. In the future, the use of Altermor^® should be studied in moderate cognitive impairment and other cognitive disorders.</p><p><p>Trial registration. NCT06352099.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potentials of Phytochemicals in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Results from Animal Model Interventional Studies.","authors":"Mihad Omer, Omer I Omer, Mohammed Ali, Ibrahim O Mohamed","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2532078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2532078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of phytochemicals as a dietary therapy for colitis has not yet gained sufficient momentum to be widely adopted as a validated therapeutic approach, primarily due to a lack of robust scientific evidence supporting their efficacy. This review aims to investigate, discuss, and evaluate interventional studies conducted on animal models that utilize phytochemicals as a therapeutic intervention for colitis. By doing so, it seeks to enhance our understanding of their mechanisms of action and contribute to the growing body of scientific knowledge, ultimately aiding in the formulation of evidence-based nutritional guidelines for patients with colitis. An extensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Web of Science, with a particular focus on the most recent studies published between 2020 and 2024. The search prioritized <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies on animal models that explore the mechanisms through which dietary interventions employing phytochemicals alleviate colitis. The findings reveal that various categories of phytochemicals in general and the sub polyphenols category are effective in mitigating colitis through multiple pathways. Notably, studies investigating combinations of phytochemicals have demonstrated greater therapeutic potential, suggesting possible synergistic effects. However, further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying these synergistic interactions. While the majority of interventional studies have utilized animal models, there is a critical need for human clinical trials to validate these findings. Such studies are essential to support the development of reliable nutritional guidelines and to translate preclinical findings into practical dietary recommendations for patients with colitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets With Mortality Among Individuals With Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yuyao Deng, Shuzhen Li, Lushuang Yang, Xintong Zhu, Qiaoling Luo, Lijie Fan, Zhilei Shan, Jiawei Yin","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2524531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2524531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and low-fat diets (LFDs) have shown short-term metabolic improvements. However, the associations of different types of LCDs and LFDs with mortality among individuals with hypertension remain unclear when considering the quality of macronutrients and food sources.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The prospective cohort study included 16,379 adults (≥20 years) with hypertension from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2016 in the United States. Data with at least one dietary recall were utilized to construct overall, healthy, and unhealthy LCD and LFD scores. Mortality outcomes were linked to National Death Index mortality data until December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated healthy LCD scores were associated with favorable levels of blood triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure, while increased healthy LFD scores were linked to reduced levels of blood insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure at baseline (all <i>p_trend</i> < 0.05). During 167,213 person-years of follow-up, a total of 5010 deaths occurred. The multivariable-adjusted HRs of all-cause mortality for per 25-percentile increment in dietary scores were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.87-0.95; <i>p_trend</i> < 0.05) for healthy LCD scores, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91-0.98; <i>p_trend</i> < 0.05) for healthy LFD scores, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.95-1.03; <i>p_trend</i> = 0.71) for unhealthy LCD scores, and 1.06 (95% CI, 1.02-1.10; <i>p_trend</i> < 0.05) for unhealthy LFD scores. Isocalorically replacing 5% energy of low-quality carbohydrate or saturated fat with high-quality carbohydrate, plant protein, or unsaturated fat was associated with a 9% to 45% reduced risk of all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among individuals with hypertension, healthy LCDs and LFDs are significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, whereas unhealthy LFDs scores are notably associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Low Circulating Omentin-1, Vitamin D, Antioxidants, and Trace Elements Imbalances in Women with Subclinical Hypothyroidism.","authors":"Chiman H Sulaiman, Lina Y Mohammed, Mohammed A Hami","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2528243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2528243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Omentin-1, a novel adipokine with anti-inflammatory properties, may have a role in the pathophysiology of Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCHT). However, its association with antioxidants, vitamin D, and trace elements imbalances in SCHT remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the association between low circulating Omentin-1 with vitamin D, antioxidants, and trace elements imbalances in women with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroid females aged 18-50 years and 40 healthy females matched in age with cases are enrolled in the current study. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and Vitamin D were measured using electrochemiluminescence assay. Serum iron (Fe) is analyzed by a photometric measuring unit. Serum zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu) were quantified using a colorimetric assay. Serum glutathione-s-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were examined by spectrophotometer. Omentin-1 is analyzed by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Omentin-1 levels are markedly reduced in women with SCHT compared with healthy controls. Moreover, there is a substantial decrease in Serum Zn, Mg, SOD, GST, and vitamin D and a significant increase in Cu/Zn and Cu/Mg ratios among SCHT group. Omentin-1 had a substantial positive correlation with CAT, SOD, and Vitamin D, however a significant negative link was observed between omentin-1 and TSH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study concluded that women with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism demonstrate significant changes in omentin-1, antioxidant enzymes, trace elements, and their ratios. Furthermore, low circulating omenin-1 in women with newly diagnosed SCHT is correlated with deficiencies in vitamin D, antioxidant enzymes, and trace elements imbalances.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of a Whole Plant Foods Diet in Breast Cancer Prevention and Survival.","authors":"Mariana Del Carmen Fernández-Fígares Jiménez","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2442631","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2442631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity among women worldwide. Epidemiologic evidence shows that the risk of BC and other chronic diseases decreases as the proportion of whole plant foods increases, while the proportion of animal foods (fish, meat, poultry, eggs, seafood, and dairy products) and non-whole plant foods (e.g., refined grains, added sugars, French fries) in the diet decreases. Whole plant foods include fruits, vegetables, roots, tubers, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds from which no edible part has been removed and to which no non-whole food been added. A whole plant foods diet lowers insulin resistance, inflammation, excess body fat, cholesterol, and insulin-like growth factor 1 and sex hormone bioavailability; it also increases estrogen excretion, induces favorable changes in the gut microbiota, and may also favorably affect mammary microbiota composition and decrease the risk of early menarche, all contributing to reduced BC incidence, recurrence, and mortality. This review explores the connection between a whole plant foods diet and BC risk and mortality as well as the potential mechanisms involved. Additionally, this diet is compared with other dietary approaches recommended for BC. A whole plant foods diet seems the optimal dietary pattern for BC and overall disease prevention as it exclusively consists of whole plant foods which, based on existing evidence, lead to the best health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"422-438"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Mediterranean Diets on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Disease in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Adrian V Hernandez, Katherine M Marti, Kristen E Marti, Nissen Weisman, Michelle Cardona, Domenic M Biello, Vinay Pasupuleti, Vicente A Benites-Zapata, Yuani M Roman, Alejandro Piscoya","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2440051","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2440051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We systematically evaluated effects of Mediterranean diets (MED) on cardiovascular (CV) disease and risk factors in overweight or obese adults. Five engines and two registries were searched until October 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating any type of MED compared to other diets or advice in adults. Outcomes of interest were clinical outcomes and CV risk factors (anthropometric, lipids, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, liver function). Inverse variance random effects models were used for meta-analyses; effects of MED were described as mean differences (MDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Quality of evidence (QoE) per outcome was evaluated using GRADE methodology. Twenty-six RCTs (<i>n</i> = 10,352) were included. Four RCTs evaluated only obese patients and 22 evaluated overweight and obese patients. Clinical outcomes were only described in the revised 2018 PREDIMED trial where MED was associated with 35% lower risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or CV death vs advice (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.85). MED significantly reduced the values of body mass index (MD, -0.61 kg/m²; 95% CI, -1.14 to -0.09; 17 RCTs), waist circumference (MD, -2.48 cm; 95% CI, -3.99 to -0.96; 17 RCTs), triglycerides (MD, -7.93 mg/dL; 95% CI, -13.48 to -2.39; 19 RCTs), and fatty liver index (MD, -12.26; 95% CI, -23.96 to -0.56; 3 RCTs) compared with controls. MED did not significantly change any other CV risk factors. QoE was very low for most of the outcomes; 85% of RCTs had some concerns or high risk of bias. In overweight or obese adults, MED significantly decreased body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, and fatty liver index score but no other CV risk factors when compared with other diets or advice. There was paucity of data on effects of MED on clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"387-404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective Effect of a <i>Kalanchoe pinnata</i>-Based Beverage Against Carbon Tetrachloride- and Gentamicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats.","authors":"Kanza Saeed, Muhammad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai, Samreen Ahsan, Tariq Mehmood, Muhammad Zubair Khalid, Adnan Khaliq, Muhammad Zuhair, Waseem Khalid, Tawfiq Alsulami, Douglas Law, Emery Lenge Mukonzo","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2442615","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2442615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic liver diseases are accountable for approximately 2 million deaths annually. The current study aimed to test the putative prophylactic role of <i>Kalanchoe pinnata</i> against hepatic stress.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong><i>Kalanchoe pinnata</i> leaf extracts utilized in beverage production were obtained via 3 different extraction techniques (conventional solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest values on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid assay were from a beverage prepared with supercritical fluid extract. When the prophylactic aspects of a <i>Kalanchoe pinnata</i>-based beverage were explored against carbon tetrachloride- (CCl₄-) and gentamicin-induced hepatotoxic conditions in male Wistar rats, results revealed a reduction in serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum alanine transaminase, and bilirubin levels in rats with CCl₄ and gentamicin-induced toxicity. The study also concluded that the administration of a therapeutic beverage significantly improved serum total protein, albumin, and globulin levels in <i>Kalanchoe pinnata</i>-treated rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support the ameliorative potential of <i>Kalanchoe pinnata</i> against liver diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"405-421"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could New Palm-Free Structured Lipids Mitigate Postprandial Hyperlipidemia and Inflammation Induced by High-Fat Meals in Swiss Mice?","authors":"Alice da Silva Malveira, Vanessa Alves, Gabriela de Matuoka E Chiocchetti, Alessandra Gambero, Amanda Rejane Alves de Ávila, Guilherme de Figueiredo Furtado, Juliana Alves Macedo, Valdecir Luccas, Gabriela Alves Macedo","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2449524","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2449524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A high-fat meal can cause postprandial hyperlipemia, initiating an acute inflammatory response. New structured lipids (SLs) free from trans and palm fatty acids are emerging as food structurants.</p><p><p><b>Objective:</b> We evaluated the postprandial response and inflammatory profiles in Swiss mice after oral administration of SLs in high-fat meals.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> SLs with different contents of long-chain saturated fatty acids were synthesized through an interesterification process involving soybean, peanut oils and crambe hard fat.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> SLs containing 23.79% (SL1), 32.01% (SL2), and 43.87% (SL3) of total saturated fatty acids reduced the absorption of serum triglycerides and appeared to mitigate postprandial inflammation by interleukin-6. A faster gastric emptying rate after consuming SL3 was corroborated by the fecal presence of behenic acid.</p><p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our results suggest that SLs, free from palm and trans fats, may have the potential to mitigate inflammation, reduce the postprandial response, and lower absorption upon acute consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"478-486"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Obesogenic and Antioxidant Potential of Lychee Seed Flour in Zebrafish Fed a High-Fat Diet.","authors":"João Paulo Lima de Oliveira, William Franco Carneiro, Kiara Cândido Duarte da Silva, Moises Silvestre de Azevedo Martins, Gilson Gustavo Lucinda Machado, Leonardo Abrahão Nogueira, Mary Suzan Varaschin, Eduardo Valério de Barros Vilas Boas, Luis David Solis Murgas, Elisângela Elena Nunes Carvalho","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2446285","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2446285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Obesity has become one of the major public health issues and is associated with various comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Lychee seeds are considered promising ingredients for developing functional foods owing to their nutraceutical properties and phytochemical composition. This study aimed to induce obesity in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) through a hyperlipidic diet supplemented with different concentrations of lychee seed flour and to evaluate its effects on adipose tissue, biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and caudal fin regeneration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 200 adult zebrafish were u anded and divided into five experimental groups: control, hyperlipidic diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with 2%, 4%, and 6% lychee seed flour. After 12 wk of feeding, biochemical parameters (glycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-HDL, aspartate aminotransferase-AST, alanine aminotransferase-ALT, and cortisol) and oxidative stress biomarkers, such as Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), Glutathione (GSH), and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the HFD4% group exhibited a significant reduction in the diameter of visceral adipocytes compared with the control, HFD, and HFD2% groups. There was a higher prevalence of severe steatosis in the control and HFD groups and mild steatosis in the HFD6% group. The HFD4% and HFD6% groups had the lowest glycemic levels, whereas the HFD6% group had the highest HDL levels. Supplementation with lychee seed flour also positively modulated oxidative stress biomarkers, with increased CAT and GST activity in the HFD6% group and reduced ROS in the HFD4% and HFD6% groups compared with the HFD group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was concluded that adding 4 to 6% lychee seed flour may have beneficial effects on biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers in HFD-fed zebrafish. The results indicate that lychee seed flour shows promise for use in foods and supplements targeting obesity prevention and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"454-467"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}