Journal of the American Nutrition Association最新文献

{"title":"Nutritional Problems Related to Oropharyngeal and Esophageal Changes in Aging: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Elif Adanur Uzunlar","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2179553","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2179553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Today, it is known that the elderly population is increasing rapidly with the quality of life. The United Nations estimate that one in six people will be 65 years or older by 2050. This situation causes interest in the old age period to increase day by day. In parallel with this, studies on the aging process have grown rapidly. Especially the health problems accompanying extended life expectancy and its treatment have become the focus of researchers in recent years. It is a known fact that some sensory and physiological changes in old age affect the quality of oral food intake and food taste. This may lead to inadequate nutritional intake and even rejection of food intake in the elderly. Therefore, severe malnutrition and sarcopenia occur in these individuals, and their life span is shortened. In this review, the effects of aging-related oropharyngeal and esophageal changes and problems on oral food intake will be evaluated. Our increasing knowledge on this subject will contribute to healthcare professionals in the prevention and treatment of health problems such as malnutrition that may occur during the aging process. In this review, a literature search was conducted with the keywords \"older\" or \"elderly\" or \"geriatrics\" and \"nutrition\" or \"malnutrition\" and \"oropharyngeal functions\" or \"esophageal functions\" in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar electronic databases. KEY TEACHING POINTSSome changes may occur in oropharyngeal and esophageal functions with aging.Sensory and physiological changes in the aging process affect oral food intake and nutritional status.Impairments in oral food intake in elderly individuals can lead to malnutrition and sarcopenia.Age-related changes affecting oral food intake increase the importance of nutritionists with the increase in the elderly population.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10776746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ordered Eating and Its Effects on Various Postprandial Health Markers: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Brian K Ferguson,&nbsp;Patrick B Wilson","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2161664","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2161664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aberrations in glucose, insulin, and other postprandial (PP) markers are common in obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. One potentially simple lifestyle/dietary modification to manage these issues is to change the order in which foods are consumed within meals. Carbohydrate exerts the largest effect on PP glucose, and there is some evidence that ingesting dietary fat or protein before carbohydrate delays gastric emptying of carbohydrate and reduces PP glucose. Additionally, certain dietary proteins may augment insulin release if ingested with carbohydrate, thereby improving blood glucose clearance. This review aimed to systematically evaluate evidence from acute experiments that modified the order in which foods were consumed in isocaloric meals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Outcomes of interest were PP glucose and insulin (including area under the curve for both), C-peptide, gut hormones, and perceptual responses. Three databases were searched (PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science) in February 2022. Additionally, reference lists of identified reports were searched, and an author of several studies was consulted to verify that relevant literature was included. The review included acute interventions that administered isocaloric meals of the same foods but with foods eaten in different orders. Studies were not excluded based on participant characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven reports were identified. All reports that assessed glucose and insulin showed a tendency toward lower levels, at least over parts of the PP period, by consuming carbohydrates last. GLP-1 tended to be higher in carbohydrate-last conditions, though this was only measured in a few studies. Perceptual responses (hunger, fullness, etc.) were not consistently different between conditions in two studies, but the certainty of evidence was very low.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicate that, at least acutely, there may be benefits to eating carbohydrate after vegetable and/or protein-rich foods. The most consistent effect (judged as moderate certainty) is that carbohydrate-last meal orders tend to lower blood glucose and insulin excursions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10445319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a Proprietary Fenugreek Seed Extract (<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>, Furocyst®) in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.","authors":"Amarjeet Singh,&nbsp;Shalini Gainder,&nbsp;Pradipta Banerjee,&nbsp;Apurva Goel,&nbsp;Pawan Kumar,&nbsp;Banashree Mondal,&nbsp;Samudra P Banik,&nbsp;Debasis Bagchi","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2126410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2126410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, a quite common heterogenous endocrine/hormonal disorder, and accompanied by elevated androgen level, menstrual irregularity, and hirsutism. The consequences include infertility or miscarriage. It is a challenging problem to the physicians. In a one-arm, non-randomized preliminary investigation in fifty premenopausal women, we demonstrated the efficacy of Furocyst^®, a patented, standardized <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i> extract, in ameliorating the symptoms of PCOS over a period of 90 consecutive days.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the present study, a double-blind, two-arm, single-center, randomized, comparative study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Furocyst^® (2 capsules of 500 mg/day) in 208 pre-menopausal women diagnosed with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ethical committee approval was obtained. A total of 208 subjects (placebo = 95; Furocyst^® = 113; age:18-45 years, BMI < 42 kg/m²) completed the investigation. The comparative efficacy of placebo and Furocyst^® was assessed on the number of cysts, ovarian volume, hirsutism, LH:FSH ratio, titer of TSH, SHBG, prolactin and free testosterone. Key clinical parameters such as fasting blood glucose levels, HOMA Index, cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels, as well as total blood chemistry were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Furocyst^® supplementation significantly reduced the number of cysts, ovarian volume, and hirsutism levels, as well as normalized the menstrual cycle in Furocyst^®-treated subjects as compared to placebo group. Furocyst^® significantly reduced luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and reduced the prolactin and SHBG levels. Furocyst^® significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose levels, HOMA Index, cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels as compared to the placebo group, while the free testosterone levels were significantly decreased in the Furocyst^® group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The studies collectively demonstrated the efficacy of Furocyst^® as a safe, natural phytochemical-based formulation to alleviate the symptoms of PCOS. No significant adverse events were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10094661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Powder Formulation of the Ketone Ester, Bis Hexanoyl (R)-1,3-Butanediol, Rapidly Increases Circulating ß-Hydroxybutyrate Concentrations in Healthy Adults.","authors":"Kristin M Nieman,&nbsp;Joshua C Anthony,&nbsp;Brianna J Stubbs","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2117743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2117743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Growing interest in the metabolic state of ketosis has driven development of exogenous ketone products to induce ketosis without dietary changes. Bis hexanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol (BH-BD) is a novel ketone ester which, when consumed, increases blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations. BH-BD is formulated as a powder or ready-to-drink (RTD) beverage; the relative efficacy of these formulations is unknown, but hypothesized to be equivalent.<b>Methods:</b> This randomized, observer-blinded, controlled, crossover decentralized study in healthy adults (n = 15, mean age = 33.7 years, mean BMI = 23.6 kg/m²) aimed to elucidate blood BHB and glucose concentrations before and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes following two serving sizes of reconstituted BH-BD powder (POW 25 g, POW 12.5 g), compared to a RTD BH-BD beverage (RTD 12.5 g), and a non-ketogenic control, all taken with a standard meal.<b>Results:</b> All BH-BD products were well tolerated and increased BHB, inducing nutritional ketosis (BHB <b>≥</b>0.5 mM) after ∼15 minutes, relative to the control. BHB remained elevated 2 h post-consumption. The control did not increase BHB. Ketosis was dose responsive; peak BHB concentration and area under the curve (AUC) were two-fold greater with POW 25 g compared to POW 12.5 g and RTD 12.5 g. There were no differences in peak BHB and AUC between matched powder and RTD formulas. Blood glucose increased in all conditions following the meal but there were neither significant differences in lowest observed concentrations, nor consistent differences at each time point between conditions. These results demonstrate that both powdered and RTD BH-BD formulations similarly induce ketosis with no differences in glucose concentrations in healthy adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10097032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of <i>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisia</i>e on the Growth Performance, Haematological Traits, Serum Biochemistry, Faecal and Caeca Microbiota of Broiler Chickens.","authors":"Subrota Hati,&nbsp;Krupali Ramanuj,&nbsp;Bethsheba Basaiawmoit,&nbsp;Prakash Koringa,&nbsp;Mansi Desai,&nbsp;Dinesh J Ghodasara,&nbsp;Kuldip V Joshi,&nbsp;Mohsin Pathan,&nbsp;Sreeja V,&nbsp;Nikesh J Bhagora,&nbsp;Fulabhai P Savaliya,&nbsp;B K Mishra","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2149634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2149634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to supplement <i>Lactobacillus</i> and yeast in broiler feed by replacing immunomodulators to develop antibiotic free meat and egg production by analyzing broiler performance, haematological traits, serum biochemistry, histopathology, fecal bacterial count, and metagenomic analysis of broiler ceca.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two cultures i.e. KGL4 (<i>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</i> MTCC 25515) and WBS2A (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> GI: MG101828) were considered for the evaluation of Broiler chicken's health and growth during 42 days study without supplementing immunomodulators and commercial probiotics in poultry feeds. The 96-day-old broiler chickens were grouped into: T1 [Control: basal diet + immunomodulatory factor and commercial probiotic], T2 [Basal diet without immunomodulatory factor and commercial probiotic + KGL4 (10⁸ CFU/mL), T3 [Basal diet without immunomodulatory factor and commercial probiotic + WBS2A (10⁷ CFU/mL), and T4 [Basal diet without immunomodulatory factor and commercial probiotic + KGL4 + WBS2A in a 1:1 ratio] (Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) No. 365/PRS/2022). The following parameters, i.e., body weight gain, feed consumption ratio (FCR), white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin content, platelet count, cholesterol content, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), fecal counts and metagenomic analysis of broiler ceca samples, were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study, amongst various traits, the overall performance of the group treated along with <i>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</i> (KGL4) showed improved results as compared to control group. <i>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</i> (KGL4) treated group had higher body weight gain (2583.04 ± 35.421 g), FCR (1.60 ± 0.019), WBC (235.60 ± 2.562 × 10³/µL), hemoglobin content (14.10 ± 0.442 g/dl), and HDL (131.40 ± 11.400 mg/dl). The investigation did not show significant variations in the relative proportions of genus or phylum among various groups during metagenomic analysis of ceca samples. There was also an improvement in haematological traits; no evidence of necrosis in heart, intestine and liver tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study conclude that it is safe to feed <i>Limosilactobacillus fermentum</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> to broilers as feed supplements and also supports the current knowledge regarding the use of yeast and lactic acid bacteria as an effective alternative stimulant for maintaining health and growth of broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10098394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Epigenetics and Phytochemicals in Cancer Formation.","authors":"Yasemin Açar,&nbsp;Gamze Akbulut","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2147106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2147106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are two concepts in the area of nutritional genomics. Epigenetics is a new discipline with significant potential in the prevention and management of certain carcinomas and diseases. Epigenetics consists of DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNAs, and telomerase activity. Epigenetic-based mechanisms act on the inhibition of cancer cells by modulating enzymes such as DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase, as well as non-coding RNAs. Phytochemicals are natural bioactive components of plant origin that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic effects on various diseases, especially cancer. The epigenetic diet is a nutritional model based on the consumption of various phytochemicals such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, morin, caffeic acid phenyl ester, apigenin, genistein, curcumin, resveratrol, and sulforaphane. Phytochemicals exert their effects on cancer-based by reducing cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and increasing cell apoptosis. Simultaneously, it has functions such as reducing oncogenes that have effects on cancer etiology and increasing tumor suppressor genes.Key teaching pointsCancer is a chronic disease with a high mortality rate, in which various genetic and environmental factors are involved in its etiology.Protooncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes are among the gene groups that form the basis of cancer and genetic structure.The bidirectional interaction between nutrition and the human genome has been effective in the emergence of the concepts of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics.Epigenetic diet is a diet based on the consumption of foods such as soy, grapes, blueberries, turmeric, cruciferous vegetables, and green tea, which induce epigenetic mechanisms that protect against cancer and aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10470917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily Consumption of High-Polyphenol Olive Oil Enhances Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Old Female Rats.","authors":"Ozgun Kimizoğlu,&nbsp;N Deniz Kirca,&nbsp;Sevim Kandis,&nbsp;Serap Cilaker Micili,&nbsp;Nazan Uysal Harzadin,&nbsp;Semra Kocturk","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2144540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2144540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of daily consumption of high-polyphenol (HP) olive oil on neurogenesis by investigating neuronal cell proliferation and maturation in the hippocampus of old rats, and to evaluate the relationship between neurogenesis, spatial memory, and anxiety-like behavior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 34 female, 20-22-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control group, low-polyphenol (LP) group, and high-polyphenol (HP) group. The animals were fed distilled water, LP olive oil and HP-extra virgin olive oil, respectively for 6 weeks using an oral gavage. At 43 days, animals were tested using the Morris Water Maze to evaluate spatial memory, and the Open-field test to evaluate anxiety-like behavior. Neural cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus (DG) was determined by BrdU labeling and Nestin protein expression. Neuronal maturation was determined by NeuN labeling. Synaptic density in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex was examined by measuring Synaptophysin (SYN) levels. Hippocampal Calbindin levels were measured to assess cellular calcium metabolism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Daily consumption of HP olive oil significantly improved cell proliferation and neuronal maturation in the DG of old rats. HP-olive oil significantly increased SYN levels in the prefrontal cortex, and nestin and calbindin levels in the hippocampus (<i>p</i> < 0.05). LP olive oil diet has shown no effect on any parameter (<i>p</i> > 0.05). We also did not find any statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of spatial memory and anxiety-like behavior (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study is first to show that daily consumption of HP-olive oil enhances hippocampal neurogenesis in old rats, which has been confirmed by proliferation and maturation biomarkers. In addition, increased SYN and calbindin levels showed that the generated cells were also functionally developed in the HP group. We suggest that daily consumption of HP olive oil may have beneficial effects on brain aging by triggering neurogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10470918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectory Patterns of Gestational Weight Gain.","authors":"Fernanda Manera,&nbsp;Renata Cordeiro Fernandes,&nbsp;Doroteia Aparecida Höfelmann","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2125099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2125099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify gestational weight gain trajectories and their association with demographic, obstetric, and anthropometric characteristics.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Information of 599 pregnant women undergoing prenatal care in public health units was collected through questionnaires and medical records, resulting in 4,272 measures of body weight. Group-based trajectory models were applied to identify patterns of gestational weight gain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average gestational weight gain at 40 weeks was 14.1 kg (95%CI: 13.2, 15.0). Three different trajectory groups were identified: low (9.9%), intermediate (66.4%), and high (23.7%). Pregnant women who smoked and those classified above IOM's weight gain recommendations were more likely to be classified in the group with a high weight gain trajectory; while those with pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity, and with greater parity were more likely to be categorized in the low weight gain trajectory. After adjusting for other variables in the model, parity remained significantly associated with gestational weight gain (β: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.27, 0.73). In the multilevel model, weight gain remained different among the categories of group-based trajectory, even after adjustment for other investigated variables for intermediate (β: 2.94; 95%CI: 2.32, 3.58) and high (β: 5.88; 95%CI: 5.09, 6.66) gestational weight gain trajectory groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Behavioral, obstetric, and anthropometric characteristics determined the belonging to groups with a high or low trajectory of gestational weight gain. The findings contribute to a better understanding of patterns of gestational weight gain in middle-income women groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10094663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Association between Traditional Japanese Diet Score and All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Total Cancer Mortality: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Ecological Study.","authors":"Chisato Abe,&nbsp;Tomoko Imai,&nbsp;Ayako Sezaki,&nbsp;Keiko Miyamoto,&nbsp;Fumiya Kawase,&nbsp;Yoshiro Shirai,&nbsp;Masayo Sanada,&nbsp;Ayaka Inden,&nbsp;Takumi Kato,&nbsp;Norie Sugihara,&nbsp;Hiroshi Shimokata","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2130472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2130472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Studies conducted on Japanese people have suggested that a traditional Japanese diet contributes to good health, longevity, and protection against several non-communicable diseases. However, it is unknown whether traditional Japanese dietary patterns are associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality globally. The purpose of this cross-sectional and longitudinal ecological study is to clarify the global association between the traditional Japanese diet score (TJDS) and all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and total cancer mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on food supply and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, total cancer mortality, and covariables by country were obtained from a relevant internationally available database. TJDS by country was calculated from eight food groups and the total score ranged from -8 to 8, with higher scores indicating greater adherence to a traditional Japanese diet. We evaluated the cross-sectional and 10-year longitudinal association between TJDS and all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and total cancer mortality using 2009 as the baseline in 142 countries with populations of more than one million. A cross-sectional analysis and a longitudinal analysis were performed using three general linear models or three linear mixed models with different covariables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In cross-sectional models controlled for fully-adjusted covariables, TJDS was negatively associated with all-cause mortality (β ± standard error; -43.819 ± 11.741, <i>p</i> < 0.001), cardiovascular disease mortality (-22.395 ± 4.638, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and total cancer mortality (-3.893 ± 1.048, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In 10-year longitudinal models controlled for fully-adjusted covariables, TJDS was significantly negatively associated with all-cause mortality (-31.563 ± 7.695, <i>p</i> < 0.001), cardiovascular disease mortality (-16.249 ± 4.054, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and total cancer mortality (-3.499 ± 0.867, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This cross-sectional and longitudinal ecological study suggests that the traditional Japanese diet is associated with lower all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and total cancer mortality, worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10094665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial Effects of a Novel Fenugreek Seed Extract (<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>, Furocyst®) in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Follow-up Compliance Clinical Investigation.","authors":"Pushplata Sankhwar,&nbsp;S P Jaiswar,&nbsp;Sonali Yadav,&nbsp;Vandana Awasthi,&nbsp;Apurva Goel,&nbsp;Pawan Kumar,&nbsp;Samudra P Banik,&nbsp;Manashi Bagchi,&nbsp;Debasis Bagchi","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2145526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2145526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder which accounts for infertility around the world. The disease is characterized by elevated secretion of androgens in the women which results in enlargement of ovaries with accumulation of fluid filled cysts, irregular menstrual cycles, and hirsutism. This study reports the efficacy of a patented, standardized Trigonella foenum-graecum extract (Furocyst®) as an effective phytotherapeutic for effective management of PCOS.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This randomized one-arm study assessed the efficacy of Furocyst® in 107 female volunteers over a period of 12 consecutive weeks.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Following approvals of the Institutional Ethical Committee and clinicaltrials.gov, 107 female volunteers (age: 18-45 years) were recruited. Subjects consumed Furocyst® capsules (1,000 mg/day p.o.) over a period of 12 consecutive weeks. Physical (Sonographic scan, Hirsutism Score, Menstrual cycle, Body Weight, BMI, Height, Waist Circumference and Blood Pressure) and biochemical parameters (LH/FSH ratio, TSH, Prolactin, Fasting insulin, Fasting Glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, HOMA Index, free and total testosterone, 2-hour GTT, DHEAS) were assessed at the beginning of the study as well as at intervals of 4 weeks till 12 weeks to determine the efficacy of Furocyst® on PCOS induced damage on reproductive and endocrine system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Furocyst® treatment induced >40% reduction of mean cyst sizes in both ovaries with corresponding reduction of in ovarian volumes. LH:FSH ratio was also significantly improved with corresponding reduction in total testosterone and prolactin levels. As a result of improvement in endocrine function, menstrual cycle became regular in the subjects. Furocyst® also reduced the severity of other associated ailments such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and improved liver function significantly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reinstated the efficacy of Furocyst® as a safe phytotherapeutic to reverse the effects of PCOS inflicted damage on the female reproductive system without any adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10099940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}