Journal of the American Nutrition Association最新文献

{"title":"Dietary Inflammatory Index and Cardiometabolic Risk in Ecuadorian School-Age Children.","authors":"Yankun Wang,&nbsp;Rodrigo X Armijos,&nbsp;Mary-Margaret Weigel","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2113177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2113177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiometabolic diseases and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are becoming increasingly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cardiometabolic diseases and MetS are closely associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, which may be modified by diet. Previous studies have focused on the association of dietary inflammation with MetS and cardiometabolic risk in adult populations, but few studies have examined this issue in children, especially in LMICs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore the association of dietary inflammation with cardiometabolic risk components and MetS in urban Ecuadorian children aged 6-12 years old (n = 276). A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect data on child dietary intake. Dietary inflammation was evaluated using an energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), divided into quartiles. Data were also collected on cardiometabolic risk indicators including blood lipids, blood pressure (BP), blood glucose, body mass index, and waist circumference. Data were analyzed using multivariable linear and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Child DII scores ranged from -4.87 (most anti-inflammatory) to 4.75 (most pro-inflammatory). We transformed the continuous scores into quartiles (Q): Q1 was the most anti-inflammatory (-4.87 to -3.35), Q2 was anti-inflammatory (-3.34 to -1.45), Q3 was pro-inflammatory (-1.44 to 1.08), and Q4 was the most pro-inflammatory (1.09 to 4.75). In the covariate-adjusted model, DII scores were positively associated with total blood cholesterol (p = 0.027), triglycerides (p = 0.034), and diastolic BP (p = 0.013). In addition, for every one-unit increase in DII score, MetS increased by 1.20 in the covariate-adjusted model (95% CI = 1.01,1.43).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that more pro-inflammatory diets may contribute to poorer cardiometabolic health in school-age children. This is important because even small increases in child blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and glucose levels over time can damage health and lead to earlier progression to conditions such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10143698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Constipation in Elderly and Related Determinant Risk Factors: Malnutrition and Dietary Intake.","authors":"Gamze Yurtdaş Depboylu,&nbsp;Nilüfer Acar Tek,&nbsp;Gamze Akbulut,&nbsp;Zerin Günel,&nbsp;Betül Kamanlı","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2096150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2096150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between FC and physical activity, dietary intake and malnutrition in the elderly.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 883 adults aged >65 years from nursing homes and community health centers in Turkey. Constipation status was evaluated according to Rome IV criteria and Bristol Stool Form Scale. Dietary intake was assessed using a food consumption record (24-hour food recall). The dietary energy and nutrients were analyzed using the \"Nutrition Information Systems Package Program\". The nutritional status of participants was evaluated using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) test. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, short form) was used to assess physical activity status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 883 participants, 29.6% were classified into the FC group (32.2% of females, 25.8% of males). The FC group had significantly lower total energy, fluid, water, protein, carbohydrate, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, potassium, soluble fiber, insoluble fiber, total fiber, and fiber (g)/1000 kcal intake than the non-FC group (p < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that total dietary fiber intake was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of FC (OR: 0.98, 95% Cl: 0.96-0.99). According to MNA, participants at risk of malnutrition (OR: 5.21, 95% Cl: 3.09-9.77) and malnourished participants (OR: 3.03, 95% Cl: 1.62-5.68) had a greater likelihood of FC compared with normal participants. Participants in the middle lower quartile of water intake (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.42-0.95) had a decreased likelihood of FC compared with participants in the lowest quartile.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FC is a common gastrointestinal disorder among the elderly in Turkey. Low dietary fiber intake, low water intake and malnutrition were important risk factors associated with FC in the elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10160646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant-Rich Nutraceutical as a Therapeutic Strategy for Sickle Cell Disease.","authors":"Abdulwasiu Ibrahim,&nbsp;Suleiman Alhaji Muhammad","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2108930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2108930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetically inherited disease in which the \"SS\" individual possesses two copies of the abnormal beta-globin gene. This disease is one of the most dominant genetic diseases in the world. SCD is marked by the propensity of red cell hemoglobin to polymerize and distort the red cell from a biconcave disk shape into a sickle shape, resulting in a typical vaso-occlusive episode and accelerated hemolysis. Plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds that are promising anti-sickling agents to scavenge free radicals, thereby ensuring oxidative balance. The current review highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of antioxidant-rich nutraceutical in the treatment and management of sickle cell disease. The anti-sickling potential of nutraceutical is attributed to the presence of antioxidant bioactive chemicals such as alkaloids, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals, which acts as scavengers of free radicals that prevent oxidative damage of the hemoglobin and prevent hemolysis, facilitating longer erythrocyte lifespan. The challenges of current therapies for SCD and future directions are also discussed.KEY TEACHING POINTSSickle cell disease is a genetically inherited disease in which SS individuals possess two copies of the abnormal beta-globin gene.Oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of secondary dysfunction in sickle cell patients.Antioxidants can play a vital role in maintaining a balance between oxidant and antioxidant defense systems.Nutraceutical rich in antioxidants such as alkaloids, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals is potential therapeutic agents for sickle cell disease.An antioxidant-rich nutraceutical may act to reduce vaso-occlusive crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9782178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spirulina- An Edible Cyanobacterium with Potential Therapeutic Health Benefits and Toxicological Consequences.","authors":"Simran Gogna,&nbsp;Jaspreet Kaur,&nbsp;Kartik Sharma,&nbsp;Rasane Prasad,&nbsp;Jyoti Singh,&nbsp;Vishesh Bhadariya,&nbsp;Prashant Kumar,&nbsp;Sapna Jarial","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2103852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2103852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spirulina is a blue-green algae which is cultivated not only for its maximum protein content but also due to the presence of other essential nutrients such as carbohydrates and vitamins (A, C and E). It is also a storehouse of minerals including iron, calcium, chromium, copper, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and zinc. Simultaneously, γ- linolenic acid (an essential fatty acid), as well as pigments such as chlorophyll A and phycobiliproteins (C-phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and β-carotene), is also a major component of its rich nutritional profile. Spirulina is known to have various promising effects on the prevention of cancer, oxidative stress, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and anemia. Moreover, it also plays a positive role in treating muscular cramps. The safety recommended dosage of Spirulina is approximately 3-10 g/d for adults and it's biological value (BV) is 75 with a net protein utilization (NPU) of 62. Spirulina does not have pericardium due to which it does not hinder the absorption of iron by chelation with phytates or oxalates. On the contrasting note, it may have some adverse effects due to the toxins (microcystins, β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA)) produced by Spirulina which might contribute to acute poisoning, cancer, liver damage as well as gastrointestinal disturbances. Its long-term consumption may also lead to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The current review focuses on the various aspects of spirulina including its cultivation, nutritional composition, extraction techniques, health benefits, adverse effects, industrial scope and market value which could be beneficial for its utilization in the development of value-added products and supplementary foods due to its high content of protein and bioavailability of nutrients.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9785619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Oroxylum indicum</i> Stem Bark Extract Reduces Tumor Progression by Inhibiting the EGFR-PI3K-AKT Pathway in an <i>In Vivo</i> 4NQO-Induced Oral Cancer Model.","authors":"Munia Parvin,&nbsp;Ashikur Rahaman,&nbsp;Arnab Sarkar,&nbsp;Sudhan Debnath,&nbsp;Utpal Chandra De,&nbsp;Deba Prasad Mandal,&nbsp;Shamee Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2107583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2107583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma <b>(</b>OSCC) is the predominant type of oral cancer. Its incidence is high in certain geographic regions, and it is correlated with chewing tobacco. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), induced by tobacco carcinogens, is overexpressed in OSCC, leading to poor prognosis. Thus, EGFR inhibitors are promising agents against OSCC. High cost and toxicity of existing EGFR inhibitors necessitate alternative EGFR-targeted therapy. Here, we tested the antitumor potential of ethyl acetate fraction of an ethnomedicinal tree, <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> stem bark extract (OIEA) in a 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced oral carcinogenesis model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>OIEA was prepared by solvent extraction method, and subsequently its <i>in vitro</i> radical scavenging activities were measured. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of OIEA was done to identify the constituent active compounds. Hemolytic, trypan blue exclusion, and MTT [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] assays were performed in normal and cancer cells to select an optimum dose of OIEA for antitumor activity study in 4NQO-induced oral cancer in F344 rats. Measurement of tumor volume, weight, and cell count was followed by tumor cell cycle analysis and comet and annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) assay. Pro-apoptotic markers were detected by western blot testing. Molecular docking was done to predict the interaction between OIEA active component and EGFR or phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), which was further validated biologically. Finally, hepatic and renal function testing and histopathology were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OIEA reduced tumor burden and increased survivability of the tumor-bearing rats significantly as compared to untreated tumor bearers. HPLC revealed oroxylin A as the predominant bioactive component in OIEA. Molecular docking predicted significant binding between oroxylin A and EGFR as well as PI3K, which was confirmed by western blot analysis of <i>in vivo</i> samples. OIEA also ameliorated hepato-, renal- and myelotoxicity induced by 4NQO.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OIEA reduces 4NQO-induced OSCC by modulating the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling cascade and also ameliorated toxicity in tumor bearers.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10161132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy Lifestyle Habits in Latin American University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Center Study.","authors":"Pablo Valdés-Badilla,&nbsp;Solange Liliana Parra-Soto,&nbsp;Ana Gabriela Murillo,&nbsp;Georgina Gomez,&nbsp;Jacqueline Araneda,&nbsp;Samuel Durán-Agüero,&nbsp;Gladys Morales,&nbsp;Israel Ríos-Castillo,&nbsp;Valeria Carpio Arias,&nbsp;Brian M Cavagnari,&nbsp;Edna J Nava-González,&nbsp;Saby Camacho López,&nbsp;Jhon Jairo Bejarano-Roncancio,&nbsp;Beatriz Núñez-Martínez,&nbsp;Karla Cordón-Arrivillaga,&nbsp;Eliana Romina Meza-Miranda,&nbsp;Saby Mauricio-Alza,&nbsp;Leslie Landaeta-Díaz","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2115429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2115429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Deterioration in the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and healthy eating behavior due to the effect of COVID-19 lockdown has been reported. The aim of this study was to associate eating habits and HRQoL with physical activity behavior in Latin American university students during COVID-19 pandemic.<b>Methods:</b> Measured 4,859 university students with a mean age of 22.4 years and they were mostly female (73.7%) from 10 Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay and, Peru). Eating habits were measured using a survey validated with other university students, HRQoL was assessments using the short version of the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF) scale and physical activity behavior with a dicotomous question based on the international recommendations for physical activity.<b>Results:</b> There is a higher complaince for all the international recommendations for healthy foods intake in the physically active group of students (<i>p</i> < 0.01), with the exception of alcohol and salt. In addition, physically active students presented a significantly higher HRQoL (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in all the dimensions analyzed when compared to physically inactive students.<b>Conclusions:</b> Latin American university students who are physically active are more likely to have a healthier eating behavior and a lower risk of a decreased HRQoL during COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9788188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purification and Characterization of Novel Antihypertensive and Antioxidative Peptides From Whey Protein Fermentate: <i>In Vitro, In Silico,</i> and Molecular Interactions Studies.","authors":"Keval Chopada,&nbsp;Bethsheba Basaiawmoit,&nbsp;Amar A Sakure,&nbsp;Ruchika Maurya,&nbsp;Mahendra Bishnoi,&nbsp;Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi,&nbsp;Divyang Solanki,&nbsp;B P Singh,&nbsp;Srichandan Padhi,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Rai,&nbsp;Zhenbin Liu,&nbsp;B K Mishra,&nbsp;Subrota Hati","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2110966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2110966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The goal of this research was to purify and characterize the novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory and antioxidant peptides from fermented whey protein concentrate produced by <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> in a co-fermentation system.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Whey protein fermented with lactic acid bacteria and yeast culture was analyzed for antioxidative, ACE inhibition, as well as anti-inflammatory activity followed by SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, and 2-dimensional (2D) analysis. Anti-inflammatory activity of whey protein fermentate was also studied on the RAW 264.7 cell line. The bioactive peptides were separated from the whey protein fermentate using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and reverse-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (RPLC/MS), and thus identification and characterization of purified bioactive peptide was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whey protein fermentate samples' bioactivity was analyzed at specific time intervals at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours at 37 °C for M11 and at 25 °C for WBS2A. The development settings (incubation time [12, 24, 36, and 48 hours) and inoculation rates [1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5%]) were optimized for peptide synthesis via the o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) method (proteolytic activity). Maximum proteolytic activity was observed at 37 °C for M11 (6.50 mg/mL) and at 25 °C for WBS2A (8.59 mg/mL) for 48 hours of incubation. Protein profiling was carried out using SDS-PAGE and 2D gel electrophoresis, in which Sodium dodecyl-sulfate (SDS) exhibited protein bands in the 10- to 55-kDa range, while 2D showed protein bands varying from 10 to 70 kDa. Every spot from 2D was digested by trypsin and identified by RPLC/MS. Protein fractionations (3- and 10-kDa permeates) were carried out employing RP-HPLC. Whey protein fermentate has anti-inflammatory action in RAW 264.7 macrophages that have been exposed to lipopolysaccharide. A molecular docking system was also used to investigate the interactions of peptides (AFLDSRTR, ILGAFIQIITFR) with human myeloperoxidase enzyme.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The antihypertensive and antioxidative peptides discovered from whey protein fermentate may be helpful in the design of pharmacologically active healthy ingredients in the upcoming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9785852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Dietary Vitamin C, Serum Ascorbic Acid, and <i>GSTT1</i> Genotype and Premenstrual Symptoms.","authors":"Tara Zeitoun,&nbsp;Ahmed El-Sohemy","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2186963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2023.2186963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Premenstrual symptoms are a cyclically occurring combination of adverse psychological and somatic symptoms that impact the quality of life for most females of childbearing age. Growing evidence suggests that diet may attenuate premenstrual symptoms; however, the relationship between vitamin C and premenstrual symptoms remains unclear. The aim of the research was to determine the association between different measures of vitamin C status and premenstrual symptoms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Females (<i>n</i> = 555) aged 20 to 29 years from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study completed a General Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire, capturing 15 premenstrual symptoms. Dietary intake was measured using a 196-item Toronto-modified Harvard food frequency questionnaire. Serum ascorbic acid concentrations were measured, and participants were categorized into deficient (<11 µmol/L), suboptimal (11-28 µmol/L), and adequate (>28 µmol/L) ascorbic acid levels. DNA was genotyped for the <i>GSTT1</i> (Ins/Del) polymorphism. Using logistic regression, odds of experiencing premenstrual symptoms were compared between vitamin C intake levels above and below the recommended daily allowance (75 mg/d) between ascorbic acid levels and between <i>GSTT1</i> genotypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increased vitamin C intake was associated with premenstrual appetite changes (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.01-2.68). Compared to deficient ascorbic acid levels, suboptimal levels were associated with premenstrual appetite changes (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.02-6.58) and bloating/swelling (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.09-8.22). Adequate serum ascorbic acid levels were not associated with premenstrual appetite changes (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 0.73-3.94) or bloating/swelling (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.79-4.67). Those with the <i>GSTT1</i> functional variant (Ins*Ins) had an increased risk of premenstrual bloating/swelling (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.10-3.48); however, the interaction between vitamin C intake and <i>GSTT1</i> was not significant for any premenstrual symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that indicators of higher vitamin C status are associated with increased premenstrual appetite changes and bloating/swelling. The observed associations with <i>GSTT1</i> genotype suggest that these observations are not likely due to reverse causation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9844870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Egg Consumption Frequency and Quantity with Dyslipidemia in Chinese Rural Adults.","authors":"Ruru Liu,&nbsp;Yaling Zhao,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Han Fu,&nbsp;Qiang Li,&nbsp;Shaonong Dang,&nbsp;Hong Yan","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2098202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2098202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to estimate the association of egg consumption with dyslipidemia and its subtypes in Chinese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross-sectional health survey was conducted in Hanzhong city of Shaanxi province in 2010.Consumption of eggs (alone and mixed in foods) and nutrients were assessed using a semi-quantitative 81-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Serum lipids and other physical measurements were measured by trained medical staff. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from multivariable logistic regressions. Restricted cubic spline was used to visualize the possible non-linear association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2241 participants (mean age, 48.0 years; 34.5% men) were included. The age- and gender- standardization dyslipidemia prevalence was 21.1% in men and 18.4% in women, respectively. Approximately 42.1% of individuals never or rarely consumed egg, while 9.4% consumed ≥2 times/week. The mean egg intake was 21.5 g/d in men and 17.4 in women. In women, after adjustment for demographics and lifestyle factors, the ORs (95%CI) for dyslipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia were 0.57(0.32-1.05) and 0.38 (0.17-0.85) for individuals consuming egg ≥2 times/week, compared with never or rarely consumers. When further adjustment of BMI and dietary factors, the inverse relation persisted for hypertriglyceridemia but attenuated to margin of significance for dyslipidemia (<i>P</i>-trend = 0.050). Increment of 25 g/d was associated with 15% (OR: 0.85, (0.71-1.00)) lower risk of dyslipidemia. Results from restricted cubic splines showed a substantial reduction of the risk within lower range of consumption, which reached the minimum risk around 20-50 g/d (<i>P</i>-nonlinearity = 0.069). No associations were observed in men.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Egg consumption was associated with decreased risk of dyslipidemia among Chinese women but not men. Additionally, the beneficial effect tended to be stronger at 20-50 g egg per day. Further study is warranted to validate these findings and clarify the causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10143758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized Study on the Effect of Dried Fruit on Acid-Base Balance, Diet Quality, and Markers of Musculoskeletal Health in Community Dwelling Adults.","authors":"L Ceglia,&nbsp;K Shea,&nbsp;H Rasmussen,&nbsp;C H Gilhooly,&nbsp;B Dawson-Hughes","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2022.2082599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2022.2082599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We tested whether 100 g/day of dried fruit (vs. no supplemental fruit control) for 6 months alters 24-hr urinary net acid excretion (NAE), bone resorption, weight, body composition, muscle performance, and diet quality. We explored consistency of self-selected dietary composition and potential renal acid load (PRAL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized, single-blind, 2-armed study included 83 normal- and over-weight men and postmenopausal women (age ≥50 years) on self-reported low fruit diets. Endpoints included group differences in NAE (primary), 24-hr urinary N-telopeptide (NTX), weight, body composition, muscle performance, and diet quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, mean (±SD) age was 69 ± 8 years; 86% were Caucasian; body mass index was 24.5 ± 2.8 kg/m²; 46% female, and NAE was 32.4 ± 23.1 mmol with no significant baseline group differences. No significant group differences were noted in NAE (primary), NTX, weight, body composition, muscle performance or diet quality at 6 months. In the cohort as a whole, 6-month change in NAE was positively associated with change in NTX, but no significant associations were noted in other outcomes. PRAL on the day of the urine collection was positively associated with NAE. Comparison of two consecutive baseline 24-hr diet recalls revealed wide intra-individual variability in PRAL in self-selected diets in our participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this field study of older adults consuming self-selected diets, making one change to the diet by adding 100 g/day of dried fruit (equivalent to 4 servings per day) had no significant impact on NAE when compared to a no supplemental fruit control. This null finding may be attributable to the high day-to-day variability in consumption of foods affecting NAE. Added fruit also had no significant effect on weight, fat, muscle, or bone outcomes over a 6-month period.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9459652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}