Journal of the American Nutrition Association最新文献

{"title":"Dietary Intake and Menstrual Health among Acrobatics and Tumbling NCAA Division I Student-Athletes.","authors":"Leticia C de Souza, Jose M Moris, Katherine M Lee, Kristin H Fant, Andrew Gallucci, LesLee K Funderburk","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2218458","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2218458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Acrobatics & Tumbling (A&T) is an emerging sport in the National Collegiate Athletic Association that lacks research regarding the dietary intake and health of A&T student-athletes (A&Tsa). This study assessed the dietary intake adequacy, estimated energy availability (EA), self-reported menstrual health, and body composition of A&Tsa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four female A&Tsa participated during week 8 of the preseason (11 top: Age= 20.1 ± 0.9 years; BMI= 22.1 ± 1.7 kg/m²; 13 base: Age= 19.5 ± 1.3 years; BMI= 26.2 ± 2.7 kg/m²). Total energy intake (TEI) and macronutrient intakes were assessed <i>via</i> a paper-based 3-day dietary recall. Resting Metabolic Rate [RMR = 500 + 22 * fat-free mass (FFM)] and energy availability [EA = (TEI - exercise energy expenditure)/FFM)] were estimated; and LEAF-Q assessed menstrual health. Body composition was measured using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. Macronutrient intakes and EA were compared to sports nutrition recommendations (carbohydrate: 6-10 g/kg; protein: 1.2-2.0 g/kg) and the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (carbohydrate: 45-65%; protein: 10-35%; fat: 20-35%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TEI was 1753 ± 467 kcal (top) and 1980 ± 473.8 kcal (base). A total of 20.8% of A&Tsa failed to meet RMR with TEI, with a higher prevalence in the top (-266 ± 219.2 kcal, <i>n</i> = 3) <i>vs</i>. base (-414.3 ± 534.4 kcal, <i>n</i> = 2) A&Tsa. Top and base A&Tsa had both low EA (28.8 ± 13.4 kcals·FFM^-1; 23.8 ± 9.5 kcals·FFM^-1) and inadequate carbohydrate intake averages (4.2 ± 1.3 g/kg; 3.5 ± 1.1 g/kg, <i>p</i> < 0.001), respectively. A total of 17% of A&Tsa reported secondary amenorrhea, with a higher prevalence in the top (27.3%, <i>n</i> = 3) <i>vs</i>. the base (7.7%, <i>n</i> = 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TEI and carbohydrate intake of the majority of A&Tsa were below recommendations. Sports dietitians should encourage and educate A&Tsa about following an adequate diet that meets energy and sports-specific macronutrient needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9618163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Protective Role of Natural Bioactive Components.","authors":"Saptadip Samanta, Sanjoy Chakraborty, Debasis Bagchi","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2203235","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2203235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases are a serious problem throughout the world. There are several causes of neurodegenerative diseases; these include genetic predisposition, accumulation of misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity. Oxidative stress increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that advance lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and neuroinflammation. The cellular antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and reduced glutathione) plays a crucial role in scavenging free radicals. An imbalance in the defensive actions of antioxidants and overproduction of ROS intensify neurodegeneration. The formation of misfolded proteins, glutamate toxicity, oxidative stress, and cytokine imbalance promote the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Antioxidants are now attractive molecules to fight against neurodegeneration. Certain vitamins (A, E, C) and polyphenolic compounds (flavonoids) show excellent antioxidant properties. Diet is the major source of antioxidants. However, diet medicinal herbs are also rich sources of numerous flavonoids. Antioxidants prevent ROS-mediated neuronal degeneration in post-oxidative stress conditions. The present review is focused on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and the protective role of antioxidants. KEY TEACHING POINTSThis review shows that multiple factors are directly or indirectly associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.Failure to cellular antioxidant capacity increases oxidative stress that intensifies neuroinflammation and disease progression.Different vitamins, carotenoids, and flavonoids, having antioxidant capacity, can be considered protective agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"20-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9856826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderators of Caffeine's Effects on Jumping Performance in Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Jozo Grgic, Dorian Varovic","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2212740","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2212740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of caffeine's effects on vertical jumping performance in females, with subgroup analyses for potential moderators, including phase of the menstrual cycle, testing time of day, caffeine dose, and test type. Fifteen studies were included in the review (<i>n</i> = 197). Their data were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis of effect sizes (Hedges' <i>g</i>). In the main meta-analysis, we found an ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance (<i>g</i>: 0.28). An ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance was found when the testing was carried out in the luteal phase (<i>g</i>: 0.24), follicular phase (<i>g</i>: 0.52), luteal or follicular phase (<i>g</i>: 0.31), and when the phase was not specified (<i>g</i>: 0.21). The test for subgroup differences indicated that the ergogenic effects of caffeine were significantly greater in the follicular phase compared to all other conditions. An ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance was found when the testing was carried out in the morning (<i>g</i>: 0.38), evening (<i>g</i>: 0.19), mixed morning or evening (<i>g</i>: 0.38), and when time was not specified (<i>g</i>: 0.32), with no subgroup differences. An ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance was found when the dose was ≤3 mg/kg (<i>g</i>: 0.21), or >3 mg/kg (<i>g</i>: 0.37), with no subgroup differences. An ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance was found in the countermovement jump test (<i>g</i>: 0.26) and squat jump test (<i>g</i>: 0.35), with no subgroup differences. In summary, caffeine ingestion is ergogenic for vertical jumping performance in females, and it seems that the magnitude of these effects is the largest in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"92-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9823930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Blend of <i>Tamarindus Indica</i> and <i>Curcuma Longa</i> Extracts Alleviates Monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA)-Induced Osteoarthritic Pain and Joint Inflammation in Rats.","authors":"Sae-Bom Kwon, Gopichand Chinta, Sreenath Kundimi, Sangback Kim, Young-Dae Cho, Seul-Ki Kim, Jae-Yeong Ju, Krishanu Sengupta","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2209880","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2209880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>NXT15906F6 (TamaFlex^TM) is a proprietary herbal composition containing <i>Tamarindus indica</i> seeds and <i>Curcuma longa</i> rhizome extracts. NXT15906F6 supplementation has been shown clinically effective in reducing knee joint pain and improving musculoskeletal functions in healthy and knee osteoarthritis (OA) subjects. The objective of the present study was to assess the possible molecular basis of the anti-OA efficacy of NXT15906F6 in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced model of OA in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy male Sprague Dawley rats (age: 8-9 wk body weight, B.W.: 225-308 g (<i>n</i> = 12) were randomly assigned to one of the six groups, (a) vehicle control, (b) MIA control, (c) Celecoxib (10 mg/kg B.W.), (d) TF-30 (30 mg/kg B.W.), (e) TF-60 (60 mg/kg B.W.), and (f) TF-100 (100 mg/kg B.W.). OA was induced by an intra-articular injection of 3 mg MIA into the right hind knee joint. The animals received either Celecoxib or TF through oral gavage over 28 days. The vehicle control animals received intra-articular sterile normal saline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-treatment, NXT15906F6 groups showed significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) dose-dependent pain relief as evidenced by improved body weight-bearing capacity on the right hind limb. NXT15906F6 treatment also significantly reduced the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and nitrite (<i>p</i> < 0.05) levels in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA expression analyses revealed the up-regulation of collagen type-II (COL2A1) and down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13) in the cartilage tissues of NXT15906F6-supplemented rats. Cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expressions were down-regulated. Decreased immunolocalization of NF-κβ (p65) was observed in the joint tissues of NXT15906F6-supplemented rats. Furthermore, microscopic observations revealed that NXT15906F6 preserved MIA-induced rats' joint architecture and integrity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NXT15906F6 reduces MIA-induced joint pain, inflammation, and cartilage degradation in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"48-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9871968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are There Any Correlations between Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium Intake and Coronary and Obesity Indices?","authors":"Buthaina Alkhatib, Lana M Agraib, Anfal Al-Dalaeen, Islam Al-Shami","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2203225","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2203225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The association between nutrient intake and obesity and coronary problems has received great attention. So, this study aimed to examine the association between vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium intake and obesity and coronary indices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 491 male and female university employees (18-64 years) were randomly included in a cross-sectional study. Blood samples were drawn, and the lipid profile was analyzed. Different anthropometrics were measured. Obesity and coronary indices were calculated based on standard formulas. A 24-h recall was used to measure the average dietary intake of vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the total sample, vitamin D had a significantly weak correlation with the abdominal volume index (AVI) and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI). However, calcium intake had a significant moderate correlation with the AVI and a weak correlation with the conicity index (CI), body roundness index (BRI), body adiposity index (BAI), WWI, lipid accumulation product (LAP), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). In males, there was a significant weak correlation between calcium and magnesium intake and the CI, BAI, AVI, WWI, and BRI. Additionally, magnesium intake had a weak correlation with the LAP. In female participants, calcium and magnesium intake had a weak correlation with CI, BAI, AIP, and WWI. Additionally, calcium intake showed a moderate correlation with the AVI and BRI and a weak correlation with the LAP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Magnesium intake had the greatest impact on coronary indices. Calcium intake had the greatest impact on obesity indices. Vitamin D intake had minimal effects on obesity and coronary indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"12-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Caffeine Intake: The Relevance of Adequate Assessment in the Population.","authors":"Anna Vittoria Mattioli, Antonio Manenti, Alberto Farinetti","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2225095","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2225095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present letter to editor comments on the manuscript \"Bulczak EM, Chmurzyńska AU. Caffeine Consumption in Polish Adults: Development and Validation of a Polish Questionnaire for Assessing Caffeine Intake. J Am Nutr Assoc. 2023 Feb 1:1-7. doi:10.1080/27697061.2023.2172749. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36725370.\" regarding adequate monitoring of the consumption of caffeine.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"110-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9680360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Energy Drink Improves Cognitive Function and Mood, without Influencing Myocardial Oxygen Demand or Ventricular Repolarization in Adult Gamers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial.","authors":"Laura E Schwager, Nathaniel J Helwig, Emily M Rogers, Nile F Banks, Justin P Alpers, Sydni L Schulte, Christopher M Lockwood, Nathaniel D M Jenkins","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2207096","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2207096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the efficacy of acute consumption of a novel energy drink (C4S) versus placebo for improving cognitive and gaming performance and mood. Secondarily, we examined the cardiovascular safety profile of acute C4S consumption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-five healthy, young adult video gamers completed two experimental visits in randomized order where they consumed either C4S or a placebo and then completed a validated battery of neurocognitive tests, played five video games, and completed a mood state survey. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation, and electrocardiogram measurements were taken at baseline and repeated throughout each visit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acute consumption of C4S improved cognitive flexibility (absolute mean or median difference [95% CI] = +4.3 [2.2-6.4]; <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>d</i> = 0.63), executive function (+4.3 [2.3-6.3]; <i>p <</i> 0.001; <i>d =</i> 0.63), sustained attention (+2.1 [0.6-3.6]; <i>p = 0</i>.01; <i>d =</i> 0.44), motor speed (+2.9 [0.8-4.9]; <i>p <</i> 0.001; <i>d =</i> 0.44), psychomotor speed (+3.9 [0.1-7.7]; <i>p =</i> 0.04; <i>d =</i> 0.32) working memory (+1.0 [0.1-1.9]; <i>p =</i> 0.02; <i>d =</i> 0.35), and performance in the two-dimensional visuospatial game Tetris (+463 [-419-2,065] pts; <i>p =</i> 0.049; <i>d =</i> 0.30) compared to placebo. C4S also improved Fatigue-Inertia (-1 [-3-0]; <i>p =</i> 0.004; <i>d =</i> 0.45), Vigor-Activity (+2.4 [1.3-3.6]; <i>p <</i> 0.001; <i>d =</i> 0.64), Friendliness (+0 [0-1]; <i>p =</i> 0.04; <i>d =</i> 0.32), and Total Mood Disturbance (-3 [-6-0]; <i>p</i> = 0.002; <i>d =</i> 0.44). BP increased slightly in C4S versus placebo, while HR decreased from baseline to post-drink in the C4S condition. Rate-pressure-product was higher in C4S versus placebo independent of time but did not increase from baseline. There was no effect on corrected QT interval.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acute consumption of C4S was efficacious for cognitive performance, visuospatial gaming performance, and mood enhancement, and had no effect on myocardial oxygen demand or ventricular repolarization, despite being associated with increases in BP.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"33-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9470110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Safety and Comparative Effectiveness of Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoid Formulations for the Improvement of Sleep: A Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Jessica Londeree Saleska, Corey Bryant, Antonija Kolobaric, Christopher R D'Adamo, Christopher S Colwell, Derek Loewy, Jeff Chen, Emily K Pauli","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2203221","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2203221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical evidence on the use of cannabidiol (CBD) for sleep remains limited. Even fewer studies have tested the comparative effectiveness of cannabinoid formulations found within CBD products used for sleep or how they compare to other complementary therapies such as melatonin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (N = 1,793 adults experiencing symptoms of sleep disturbance) were randomly assigned to receive a 4-week supply of 1 of 6 products (all capsules) containing either 15 mg CBD or 5 mg melatonin, alone or in combination with minor cannabinoids. Sleep disturbance was assessed over a period of 5 weeks (baseline week and 4 weeks of product use) using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS™) Sleep Disturbance SF 8A, administered via weekly online surveys. A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to assess the differences in the change in sleep disturbance through time between each active product arm and CBD isolate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All formulations exhibited a favorable safety profile (12% of participants reported a side effect and none were severe) and led to significant improvements in sleep disturbance (<i>p</i> < 0.001 in within-group comparisons). Most participants (56% to 75%) across all formulations experienced a clinically important improvement in their sleep quality. There were no significant differences in effect, however, between 15 mg CBD isolate and formulations containing 15 mg CBD and 15 mg cannabinol (CBN), alone or in combination with 5 mg cannabichromene (CBC). There were also no significant differences in effect between 15 mg CBD isolate and formulations containing 5 mg melatonin, alone or in combination with 15 mg CBD and 15 mg CBN.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that chronic use of a low dose of CBD is safe and could improve sleep quality, though these effects do not exceed that of 5 mg melatonin. Moreover, the addition of low doses of CBN and CBC may not improve the effect of formulations containing CBD or melatonin isolate.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9791994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Imbalance and Intestinal Permeability in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Mechanism Review with a Focus on Bacterial Translocation, Citrullination, and Probiotic Intervention.","authors":"Holly C Blenkinsopp, Karin Seidler, Michelle Barrow","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2211129","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2211129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review aims to investigate the role of intestinal permeability (IP) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), following the hypotheses that leakage of intestinal microbes can influence increased citrullination of peptides leading to anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) production and inflammation in RA; and that leaked microbes can migrate to the peripheral joints, leading to immune responses and synovitis in peripheral joints. This review explored the evidence for the link between microbial dysbiosis and increased IP in the inflammatory state in RA, as well as the role of increased citrullination and bacterial translocation in the link between microbiota and immune responses in RA. Furthermore, this research aims to evaluate the potential effect of probiotics on RA symptoms and pathogenesis <i>via</i> proposed mechanisms, including the support of microbial balance and suppression of inflammatory factors in RA. A systematic literature search was conducted in three tranches (review, mechanism, intervention). 71 peer-reviewed papers met the inclusions criteria and are summarized in a narrative analysis. Primary studies were critically appraised, synthesized and their relevance to clinical practice evaluated. Evidence found in this mechanism review consistently supported intestinal dysbiosis and increased IP in arthritis. An altered intestinal microbiome was demonstrated in RA with specific microbes such as <i>Collinsella</i> and <i>Eggerthella</i> correlating with increased IP, mucosal inflammation, and immune responses. Hypercitrullination and ACPA production correlated with arthritic symptoms and intestinal microbes were shown to influence hypercitrullination. Some <i>in vitro</i> and animal studies demonstrated a link between leakage of microbes and bacterial translocation, but further research is needed to elucidate the link between IP and citrullination. Probiotic intervention studies evidenced reductions in inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNFα, associated with proliferation of synovial tissue and pain perception in RA joint inflammation. Despite some conflict in the literature, probiotics may present a promising nutritional intervention in the suppression of both, disease activity and inflammatory markers.Key teaching pointsThere is evidence for a dysbiotic profile of the RA gut with specific RA-associated microbes.Increased intestinal permeability and leakage of PAD enzyme facilitates citrullination of peptides.Hypercitrullination and ACPA production correlate to arthritic signs.Microbial leakage and translocation plays a role in the pathogenesis of RA.Probiotics (e.g. L. Casei 01) may reduce inflammation and ameliorate RA symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"59-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9967901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine Consumption in Polish Adults: Development and Validation of a Polish Questionnaire for Assessing Caffeine Intake.","authors":"Ewa M Bulczak, Agata U Chmurzyńska","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2172749","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2023.2172749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Caffeine is one of the oldest natural substances consumed by people. Its consumption in Poland has not been well described. The aim of this study was to design and validate an online food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) on caffeine intake and to use it to estimate caffeine consumption in Polish adults.<b>Method:</b> The FFQ was prepared and validated in a pilot study. The intake assessment was conducted in 2019-2020 on 372 respondents, aged 18 to 60 years. The FFQ included products such as coffee, tea, energy drinks, and carbonated drinks, as well as supplements and chocolate.<b>Results:</b> We showed good repeatability of the FFQ and it was considered a valid tool. The mean total caffeine intake among all participants was 426.7 mg ± 283.4 mg/day of all sources; in women, it was 446.4 mg ± 306.2 mg/day, while in men, it was 394.1 ± 236.4 mg/day. Forty-three percent of the respondents consumed more than 400 mg of caffeine/day. Coffee was the main source of caffeine and contributed to 65% of total caffeine consumption. Women consumed 90% more green tea than men (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Overweight and obese people have 20% greater total caffeine intake (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and consumed 20% more coffee (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and 30% more black tea (<i>p</i> = 0.01) than people of normal weight.<b>Conclusions:</b> Average caffeine consumption among Polish adults slightly exceeds the safe consumption dose established by the European Food Safety Authority. Body weight status can differentiate caffeine intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"769-775"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10593940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}