Journal of the American Nutrition Association最新文献

{"title":"Perturbed Lipid Metabolism Transduction Pathways in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Their Possible Treating Nutraceuticals.","authors":"Amrita Shukla, Ankita Singh, Smriti Tripathi","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2359084","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2359084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has evolved into an international public health concern. Its causing agent was <i>SARS-CoV-2</i> (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), a lipid bilayer encapsulated virus. Lipids have relevance in the host's viral cycle; additionally; viruses have been speculated to manipulate <i>lipid signaling</i> and production to influence the lipidome of host cells. SARS-CoV-2 engages the host lipid pathways for replication, like fatty acid synthesis activation <i>via</i> upregulation of AKT and SREBP pathway and inhibiting lipid catabolism by AMPK and PPAR deactivation. Consequently, lipoprotein levels are altered in most cases, i.e., raised LDL, TG, VLDL levels and reduced HDL levels like a hyperlipidemic state. Apo lipoproteins, a subsiding structural part of lipoproteins, may also impact viral spike protein binding to host cell receptors. In a few studies conducted on COVID-19 patients, maintaining Apo lipoprotein levels has also shown antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. It was speculated that several potent hypolipidemic drugs, such as statins, hydroxychloroquine, and metformin, could be used as add-on treatment in COVID-19 management. Nutraceuticals like Garlic, Fenugreek, and vinegar have the potency to lower the lipid capability acting <i>via</i> these pathways. A link between COVID-19 and post-COVID alteration in lipoprotein levels has not yet been fully understood. In this review, we try to look over the possible modifications in lipid metabolism due to SARS-CoV-2 viral exposure, besides the prospect of focusing on the potential of lipid metabolic processes to interrupt the viral cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"614-626"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Risk Assessment in Nigerian Breast Cancer Patients - A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ogochukwu O Izuegbuna, Hannah O Olawumi, Olayide S Agodirin, Samuel A Olatoke","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2353289","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2353289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The lipid profile and atherogenic risk indices in Nigerian breast cancer patients are largely unknown. This study evaluated the lipid profile and atherogenic risk indices of breast cancer patients in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved 45 primarily diagnosed breast cancer patients and 50 normal control subjects. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated according to Friedewald formula. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Atherogenic coefficient (AC), TC/HDL-C (Castelli I) and LDL-C/HDL-C (Castelli II) risk indices were all calculated. The Framingham risk assessment was calculated and categorized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study group had significantly higher triglycerides (TG), and atherogenic indices than the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lower in the study group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Total cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) had a significant positive correlation with age (<i>r</i> = 0.283, <i>p</i> < 0.018; <i>r</i> = 0.272, <i>p</i> < 0.023); TG was significantly positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (<i>r</i> = 0.320. <i>p</i> < 0.007; <i>r</i> = 0.334, <i>p</i> < 0.005); HDL-C had a significant negative correlation with BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (<i>r</i> = -0.252, <i>p</i> < 0.035; <i>r</i> = -0.29, <i>p</i> < 0.015; <i>r</i> = -0.329, <i>p</i> < 0.005). The lipid ratios (TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C) were significantly positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The Framingham Risk Score showed that only 2 subjects in the study group (4.4%) were at a high risk of having a cardiovascular event.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Breast cancer patients have a higher prevalence of dyslipidaemia, and cardiovascular risk than the normal population.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"582-591"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Flavonoid and Subclass Intakes are not Associated with Markers of Bone Health in U.S. Adults Age 50+ Years.","authors":"Xichen Wang, Yang Lu, Taylor C Wallace","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2358532","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2358532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary flavonoid intakes have been associated with improved markers of bone health in Chinese and Scottish cohorts, but little data exist in middle aged to older adults in the United States.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of our research was to assess if dietary flavonoid intakes are associated with bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone area of the lumbar spine and femoral neck in a nationally representative population of middle aged to older U.S. adults. We further sought to investigate if relationships of the main flavonoid subgroups (i.e., anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, and isoflavones) exist, as a secondary objective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data from individuals aged 50+ years enrolled in the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used in our analyses (<i>N</i> = 2590). Weighted multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between quartiles of flavonoid intake and BMD, BMC, and bone area of the lumbar spine and femoral neck of participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age of participants was 63.4 ± 0.52 years and 64.1 ± 0.52 years for men and women, respectively. Average total flavonoid intake was 217 ± 19.4 mg/day and 306 ± 26.9 mg/day for men and women, respectively. Total flavonoid intakes were not significantly associated with BMD, BMC, or bone area of the femoral neck or lumbar spine in male or female participants. Flavonoid subclass intakes were also not consistently associated with improved markers of bone health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although several limitations exist, this cross-sectional analysis of U.S. adults aged 50+ years provides contradictory evidence to the hypothesis that higher flavonoid and flavonoid subclass intakes beneficially impacts markers of bone health. Large prospective cohort investigations that better capture long-term dietary flavonoid intake and ascertain fractures the primary outcome, as well as randomized controlled trials, are needed to fully elucidate the effects flavonoids on bone health.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"604-613"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact Plant-Based Diets Have on Athletic Performance and Body Composition: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nicole Presti, Tegan Mansouri, Molly K Maloney, David Hostler","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2365755","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2365755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-based diets have gained popularity among athletes in recent years. Some believe that plant-based diets will improve performance owing to higher intakes of carbohydrates and antioxidants. Some believe it that will harm performance due to lower intakes of complete protein and creatine. This systemic review was conducted using Covidence software. A literature search of PubMed, Embase (Elsevier), CINAHL Plus (EBSCO), and Web of Science was completed on 22 March 2022. Following the development of clear objectives and a research question that identified the population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes, initial search criteria and keywords were identified. Extracted results totaled 2249, including 797 duplicates. The initial screening resulted in 1437 articles being excluded. The remaining 15 articles proceeded to full-text screening. A final 8 articles were included in the review, with 7 excluded. This paper will review the impact plant-based diets have on athletic performance and body composition in healthy young adults aged 18 to 45 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"636-643"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statement of Retraction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2369458","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2369458","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"567"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Insights on the Photoprotective Mechanism of the Macular Carotenoids, Lutein and Zeaxanthin: Safety, Efficacy and Bio-Delivery.","authors":"Pawan Kumar, Samudra P Banik, Sunny E Ohia, Hiroyoshi Moriyama, Sanjoy Chakraborty, Chin-Kun Wang, Yong Sang Song, Apurva Goel, Manashi Bagchi, Debasis Bagchi","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2319090","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2319090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ocular health has emerged as one of the major issues of global health concern with a decline in quality of life in an aging population, in particular and rise in the number of associated morbidities and mortalities. One of the chief reasons for vision impairment is oxidative damage inflicted to photoreceptors in rods and cone cells by blue light as well as UV radiation. The scenario has been aggravated by unprecedented rise in screen-time during the COVID and post-COVID era. Lutein and Zeaxanthin are oxygenated carotenoids with proven roles in augmentation of ocular health largely by virtue of their antioxidant properties and protective effects against photobleaching of retinal pigments, age-linked macular degeneration, cataract, and retinitis pigmentosa. These molecules are characterized by their characteristic yellow-orange colored pigmentation and are found in significant amounts in vegetables such as corn, spinach, broccoli, carrots as well as fish and eggs. Unique structural signatures including tetraterpenoid skeleton with extensive conjugation and the presence of hydroxyl groups at the end rings have made these molecules evolutionarily adapted to localize in the membrane of the photoreceptor cells and prevent their free radical induced peroxidation. Apart from the benefits imparted to ocular health, lutein and zeaxanthin are also known to improve cognitive function, cardiovascular physiology, and arrest the development of malignancy. Although abundant in many natural sources, bioavailability of these compounds is low owing to their long aliphatic backbones. Under the circumstances, there has been a concerted effort to develop vegetable oil-based carriers such as lipid nano-emulsions for therapeutic administration of carotenoids. This review presents a comprehensive update of the therapeutic potential of the carotenoids along with the challenges in achieving an optimized delivery tool for maximizing their effectiveness inside the body.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"505-518"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statement of Retraction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2369460","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2369460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"568"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meal Frequency Does Not Affect Weight Loss in Overweight/Obese Women but Affects the Body Composition: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Yazgı Ötüken Köroğlu, Müjgan Öztürk","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2316636","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2316636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Studies showing the relationship between meal frequency, weight loss and anthropometric measurements are contradictory. This study aims to determine the effect of meal frequency on weight loss, anthropometric measurements, and body composition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a parallel designed randomized control trial that was conducted with 40 female volunteers between the ages of 19-64 years, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥27 who applied to a private clinic. Participants were randomized in two treatment arms (3 meals + 3 snacks/day (<i>n</i> = 20) vs 3 meals/day (<i>n</i> = 20)) and same dietary energy restriction (-500kcal) was applied for 3 months. Food consumption was questioned with 3 day food records, and anthropometric measurements and body composition were measured before the study and repeated each week till the end of the study by the researcher.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All of the participants completed the study period. Body weight (kg), BMI (kg/m²), total body fat (kg), body fat percentage (%), fat free mass (kg) and waist circumference (cm) decreased, while fat free mass percentage (%) increased significantly in both of the groups at the end of the study (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The rate of difference for body weight, BMI (kg/m²) and waist circumference (cm) were similar among the groups. When difference in body composition analyses was examined, the rate of reduction in total body fat (-18.82 ± 4.97% vs -14.87 ± 7.44%) and body fat percentage (%)(-10.79 ± 4.63% vs -7.68 ± 7.04%) and the rate of increase in fat free mass percentage (%)(7.65 ± 3.16% vs 5.04 ± 3.44%) were significantly higher in 3 meals + 3 snacks group (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When energy restricted and balanced weight loss programs are applied, alteration in body weight, BMI and waist circumference is not affected from meal frequency, but body composition does.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>NCT05581862 (Date of Trial Registration: 13/10/2022).</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"489-497"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statement of Retraction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2369461","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2369461","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"569"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Fatalism Does Not Predict Body Mass Index but Is Associated with Diet Quality in Healthy Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Julie M Peterson, Fidela Gjondrekaj, Rebecca S Zambrano, Aliyah McLean, Julia Skinner, Paula Domingues, Diana H Taft, Bobbi Langkamp-Henken","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2330376","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2330376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Obesity as assessed by body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of chronic disease. Health fatalism, defined as the belief that health outcomes are outside of one's control, is also associated with chronic disease risk. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to understand the relationship between health fatalism and BMI in healthy adults. Secondary outcomes assessed the relationships between health fatalism and diet quality and health fatalism and physical activity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Healthy individuals aged 18 to 65 years were recruited via ResearchMatch, electronic mailing lists, and social media. Participants completed online questionnaires on demographic characteristics, diet quality, physical activity, and degree of health fatalism. Regression models were used to assess the primary and secondary outcomes. For the primary outcome, the model of health fatalism (predictor) and BMI (outcome) was also adjusted for diet quality, physical activity, and demographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants (n = 496) were 38.7 ± 14.3 years old and primarily female (76%) and White (81%), with a BMI of 25.1 ± 5.2 kg/m². Most participants had a college or post-college education (74%), stated that they always had sufficient income to live comfortably (90%), and were moderately to highly active (91%). There was no relationship between health fatalism and BMI (<i>p</i> > 0.05) or health fatalism and physical activity (<i>p</i> > 0.05); however, there was a significant relationship between health fatalism and diet quality (beta coefficient: -0.046; 95% confidence interval, -0.086 to -0.0058; <i>p</i> = 0.025), such that a higher degree of fatalism predicted a slight decrease in diet quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although health fatalism did not predict BMI in this population, fatalistic beliefs were associated with poorer diet quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"532-538"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}