Journal of the American Nutrition Association最新文献

{"title":"Personalized Lifestyle Modifications for Improved Metabolic Health: The Role of Cultural Sensitivity and Health Communication in Type 2 Diabetes Management.","authors":"Catherine Saenz, Manisha Salinas, Russell L Rothman, Richard O White","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2413368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2413368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a chronic multifaceted metabolic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels with varying degrees of insulin resistance and abnormal insulin production. Lifestyle modifications, such as those defined by the guidelines for diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES), are foundational for glycemic control. A current gap in T2D management is addressing DSMES which is tailored to best serve the diversity of patients with this disease. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the current literature related to lifestyle modification for T2D, the importance of culturally sensitive T2D management programs, and the impact culturally sensitive and diverse T2D management programs have on cardiometabolic health. Despite being disproportionately affected by T2D, racial and ethnic minorities have low referral rates for DSMES. This growing disparity may be exacerbated by a lack of awareness of how to adapt lifestyle modifications in a culturally competent manner and how social determinants of health (SDOH) may affect the infrastructure and resources available to diverse patient populations. Currently, there is limited research on how DSMES is addressed to include culturally and literacy-sensitive recommendations in the United States. Patient-centered care, emphasizing personalized DSMES, can lead to improved glycemic control, reduced healthcare costs, and improved cardiometabolic health. A key component of effective DSMES should include culturally and literacy-sensitive approaches with an awareness of the impact of SDOH. Understanding how ethnicity, race, and culture influence experiences with T2D management can help providers prescribe more patient-centered and sustainable recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol Structured Lipid Supplementation Improves Muscular Endurance Exercise Performance and Reduces Muscle Fatigue in Young Healthy Male.","authors":"Yosuke Tsuchiya, Hisashi Ueda, Takashi Shimizu, Kaori Yokoi, Kenichi Yanagimoto, Eisuke Ochi","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2413363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2413363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Structured lipids containing medium-chain fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil (EPA/MCT) and it improve overall endurance. However, their effects on local muscle endurance remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EPA/MCT intake on muscle endurance during leg extension exercises and subsequent muscle fatigue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 8-week, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind parallel-group trial involved 20 healthy young men. Subjects were randomly assigned to an EPA/MCT group (10 subjects) and a placebo group (PL group, 10 subjects). They consumed 4560 mg of the test food daily for 8 wk before an exercise intervention. The EPA/MCT supplement contained 600 mg of EPA, 260 mg of DHA, and 1890 mg of MCT (1110 mg of octanoic acid and 780 mg of decanoic acid). After the 8-week intervention, the subjects performed four sets of leg extension exercises at 40% of their body weight until exhaustion. The number of repetitions per set and the total repetitions across the four sets served as indicators of muscle endurance. Isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), range of motion, circumference, muscle thickness, echo intensity, and muscle stiffness were measured before and after exercise to assess muscle fatigue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no difference between the groups in the number of repetitions for sets 1-4 or in the total number of repetitions during the leg extension exercise. In the EPA/MCT group, a significant negative correlation was observed between the increase in the blood EPA/AA ratio and the rate of decrease in the number of repetitions. Additionally, the decrease in MVC after exercise was significantly smaller in the EPA/MCT group than in the PL group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study results suggest that an 8-week intake of EPA/MCT can increase the blood EPA/AA ratio and improve muscle endurance performance. Additionally, EPA/MCT intake reduces muscle fatigue after exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Whole Plant-Foods Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity: From Empirical Evidence to Potential Mechanisms.","authors":"Mariana Del Carmen Fernández-Fígares Jiménez","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2406887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2406887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excess body adiposity, referred to as overweight and obesity, represents a major health concern given that it increases the risk of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Body weight reduction can be achieved via a wide variety of dietary strategies as long as an energy deficit is achieved. However, the effect of such diets on disease risk and mortality will depend on the foods included. Increasing evidence shows that consumption of whole plant foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes) in place of animal foods (e.g., meat, poultry, dairy, fish, eggs, and seafood and their derivatives) and non-whole plant foods (e.g., refined grains, French fries, sugar-sweetened beverages) is associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors and lower risk of chronic diseases and mortality. This review focuses on the effect of a whole plant-foods diet on overweight and obesity from observational to clinical studies and discusses the potential mechanisms involved. According to existing evidence, a whole plant foods diet seems to be more advantageous than other dietary approaches for the prevention and treatment of excess adiposity given that it is composed of the foods that lead to the best health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a Multifactorial Weight Loss Intervention on HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Immunosenescence: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Laura Díez-Ricote, Esther Cuadrado-Soto, Andrés Pastor-Fernández, Gema de la Peña, Javier Martinez-Botas, Olga Castañer, M A Martínez-González, Jordi Salas-Salvado, Pablo J Fernández-Marcos, Diego Gómez-Coronado, Jose Ordovas, Lidia Daimiel","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2407942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2407942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Life expectancy and obesity prevalence are increasing worldwide, leading to an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and immunosenescence play key roles in cardiovascular disease, longevity, and quality of aging. Both molecular hallmarks of aging are impacted by obesity and metabolic syndrome and can be modulated by lifestyle. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a lifestyle intervention focused on an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (erMedDiet), physical activity (PA), and behavioral support on HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) and immunosenescence.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>CEC and immunosenescent T cells were determined in 60 participants from the control group (CG) and 56 from the intervention group (IG) of the PREDIMED-Plus trial at baseline and after 1 and 3 years of follow-up. PREDIMED-Plus is a randomized, controlled, parallel-group trial with an IG of erMedDiet, PA promotion, and behavioral support for weight loss and a CG of usual primary care advice. The sample included 116 volunteers from the PREDIMED-Plus-IMDEA subsample of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Men aged 55 to 75 years and women aged 60 to 75 years with a body mass index between 27 and 40 kg/m² and metabolic syndrome were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants within the IG had significantly improved CEC (2.42% and 10.69% after 1 and 3 years of follow-up) and a decreased in senescent T cell profile (-3.32% ± 12.54% and -6.74% ± 11.2%, <i>p</i> < 0.001, after 1 and 3 years of follow-up). Baseline obesity status impacted the response to the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A weight loss intervention program with erMedDiet and PA ameliorated senescence markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of an Extract of <i>Physalis Peruviana Linnaeus</i> on the Expression of Inflammatory Markers in the Caco-2 Intestinal Epithelium-like Cell Line.","authors":"Daniela Moya, Karen Mirada, Matias Rivera, Miguel Arredondo","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2406896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2406896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> <i>Physalis Peruviana Linnaeus</i> (PPL) is an herbaceous species characterized by a wide variety of bioactive compounds to which anti-inflammatory properties have been attributed. This makes this fruit a possible complementary therapy for diseases that involve chronic inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In the present study, the effect of a PPL extract on the expression of inflammatory markers in the Caco-2 cell line was evaluated.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> An <i>in vitro</i> gastric digest (50 g PPL pulp) was performed, obtaining an extract that was used to challenge Caco-2 cells for 24 and 72 hours. This extract was characterized by LC-MS/MS. Then, the relative mRNA expression of NF-kB, TLR4, IL-18 and MCP-1 was determined through qRT-PCR and the protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18 and MCP-1 through Luminex Immunoassay.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> From the characterization of the extract, compounds with bioactive potential such as isothiocyanates, indoles and coumarins were found. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with PPL extract (80 µg/ml), particularly for 72 hours, produced a reduction of IL-18 and MCP-1 mRNA expression (<i>p</i> < 0.01), in addition to IL-18 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), IL-8 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and MCP-1 (<i>p</i> < 0.01) protein levels, however, no effects on NF-kB p65 (<i>p</i> = 0.09) and TLR4 (<i>p</i> = 0.20) mRNA expression were observed.</p><p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> The results obtained in this study open the possibility that the regular consumption of 50 g of PPL could constitute a possible complementary therapy for the treatment of IBD, improving the quality of life of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Markers of Differences in Fruit and/or Vegetable Consumption Among Brazilians: An Intersectional Analysis.","authors":"Nathalia Assis Augusto, Mariana Aparecida Dos Santos Panta, Patricia Constate Jaime, Mathias Roberto Loch","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2401056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2401056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to examine the differences in fruit and/or vegetable consumption (FVC) among Brazilian adults by examining various social markers, such as gender, race, income, and education level.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study of 88,531 Brazilian adults aged 18 years or older who participated in the 2019 National Health Survey was conducted. The dependent variable was irregular FVC (<5 d/wk). Individuals at the highest risk for irregular FVC include those who are men and Black and who have lower education levels and lower income. Individuals at lower risk include those who are women and White and who have higher education levels and higher income. The prevalence of irregular FVC was calculated considering the levels of the social risk index for FVC and the intersections among two, three, and four risk categories. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) analyses were performed to compare groups at higher risk with those at lower risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of irregular FVC was 57.2% in the general population, 38.1% for individuals in the lowest risk group, 47.5% for individuals in one risk category, 57.9% for individuals in two risk categories, 67.6% for individuals in three risk categories, and 74.4% for individuals in the highest-risk group, and there were significant differences at each level. The highest risk group had a 4.36 (95% CI, 3.86-4.92) times greater chance of irregular FVC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The complex path to promote FVC among the Brazilian population underscores the need for intersectoral policies aimed at reducing inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Intakes of Carotenoids and Tocopherols with Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in a Population-Based Case-Control Study.","authors":"Tianchen Sheng, Bronson Dokmanovich, Yunpeng Yu, Chunliang Liu, Hao Fan, Anna E Prizment, Kristin E Anderson, Jianjun Zhang","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2404578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2404578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Experimental studies suggest that carotenoids and tocopherols modulate pancreatic carcinogenesis because they have antioxidant and other functions. We investigated the associations between intakes of these compounds and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a case-control study conducted in 1994-1998.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present analysis included 150 cases of pancreatic cancer recruited from all hospitals in the metropolitan area of the Twin Cities and Mayo Clinic and 459 controls randomly selected from the general population and frequency matched to cases by age, sex, and race. The intakes of carotenoids and tocopherols were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The energy-adjusted intake of lutein/zeaxanthin was significantly lower in cases (2410 µg/day) than in controls (3020 µg/day). After adjustment for confounders, persons in the fourth quartile of lutein/zeaxanthin intake had a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer compared with those in the first quartile [odds ratio (OR) (95% CI): 0.40 (0.17-0.91)]. There were no significant associations with intakes of other carotenoids and tocopherols considered and with a composite score created from all individual carotenoids examined. We did not detect any significant interactions of intakes of carotenoids and tocopherols with age, sex, cigarette smoking, or alcohol intake in relation to pancreatic cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study suggests an inverse association between lutein/zeaxanthin intake and pancreatic cancer risk, but a potential beneficial effect was not observed for other carotenoids and tocopherols.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive Interaction Between Insulin Resistance, Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Vitamin D Deficiency on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Salam Bennouar, Abdelghani Bachir Cherif, Yazid Aoudia, Samia Abdi","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2352401","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2352401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to explore, on an additive scale, the combined effect of the association between insulin resistance (IR), chronic low-grade inflammation (CLGI) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on the risk of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cohort study, including 1484 non-diabetic subjects, followed for a period of four years. 25 hydroxy-vitamin D (25OHD), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (HsCRP) and triglyceride-glucose index were assessed. Based on VDD and CLGI, the population was subdivided into 4 exposure groups. Analysis was performed both in the case of IR and without IR. Cox proportional regression and additive interaction were applied to explore cumulative effects of exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At follow-up, 162 newly diagnosed cases of T2DM were identified. TYG index (RR = 4.0[2.8-5.6]), HsCRP (RR = 1.6 [1.4-1.7]) and 25OHD (RR = 0.96 [0.39-0.98]) were all significantly associated with the risk of T2DM (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The highest excess risk was recorded in patients cumulating simultaneously IR, CLGI and VDD (RR= 8.4[3.6-19.8], <i>p</i> < 0.0001). The additive interaction was significant, the excess risk linked to the interaction RERI = 10.5[1.43-19.7], the proportion attributable to the combined effect: AP = 0.61[0.37-0.85], and the interaction was synergistic: synergy index: 2.8[1.42-5.69].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baseline levels of TYG index, 25OHD and HsCRP are strongly predictive of future T2DM, and their joint effects are additive and synergistic. Interventional studies are therefore warranted in order to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation, combined with appropriate anti-inflammatory therapies, is effective as a preventive strategy to reduce the risk of T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"571-581"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin Sensitivity of Adipocytes is Improved by Pomegranate Mesocarp Through Reduced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.","authors":"Piteesha Ramlagan, Philippe Rondeau, Emmanuel Bourdon, Theeshan Bahorun, Vidushi S Neergheen","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2353295","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2353295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Inflammatory phenomena and increase in oxidative stress in cell physiopathology progression render therapeutic strategies based on nutritional antioxidants necessary. It was thus aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the pomegranate mesocarp extract (PME) on differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes in the presence/absence of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a model mimicking insulin resistance.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The effect of PME on lipid accumulation, protein expression of antioxidant, inflammatory and adipogenic biomarkers, reactive oxygen species production, activity of antioxidant enzymes and secretion of IL-6 has been evaluated during the differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes, in the presence or absence of H₂O₂.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>H₂O₂ reduced the expression of the regulator of insulin sensitivity PPARγ and suppressed adipocyte differentiation. PME counteracted the effect of H₂O₂. The latter induced a higher level of fat accumulation by promoting the expressions of the adipogenic markers PPARγ, C/EBPα, FABP4 and CD36 as compared to the control and the H₂O₂-treated differentiating cells. During the progression of adipogenesis, highest increase (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in IL-6 secretion, by 3.16 and 3.85 folds, was observed on day 2 of differentiation in control and H₂O₂-treated cells, respectively, compared to day 0. PME significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) the secretion of the cytokine in addition to suppressing the expression of NFκB. PME also prevented the reduction of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities that occurred during adipogenesis, by at most 33%, 119% and 42%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that PME efficiently improves insulin sensitivity and can significantly counteract oxidative stress and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"592-603"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mild Dehydration Triggered by Exercise Reduces Cognitive Performance in Children, But Does Not Affect Their Motor Skills.","authors":"Sinem Yüksel, Mustafa Akıl","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2362709","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2362709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Children face the risk of dehydration in varying amounts during the day due to reasons such as physical activity, sweating, eating salty foods and drinking carbonated beverages. It is assumed that dehydration can lead to impaired motor skills and cognitive performance since it affects brain function. However, inconsistencies in study results, test times and problems caused by heat stress make new research mandatory. In our research, we examined the effects of exercise-induced mild dehydration on motor skills and cognitive performance in active/sedentary boys who do/do not do regular physical activities in their daily lives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 112 boys who do regular physical activity (<i>n</i>:57; 12.40 ± 0.49_age) and sedentary (<b>n</b>:55; 12.49 ± 0.50_age). The children were given a 12-h hydration program. Mild dehydration was created by giving exercises after hydration measurements. In case of hydration and mild dehydration, Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency and d2 attention test were applied to the children. For comparison, Repeated Measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test was performed at the second level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the hydration and mild dehydration comparison results, there was no difference in total score of Fine Motor Skill Sensitivity, Fine Motor Skill Integration, Hand Dexterity and Bidirectional Coordination, Balance, Running Speed and Agility, Hand-Arm Coordination, Strength, and BOT-2 in children. There was a decrease in both groups in terms of Focused Attention, Processing Speed, Accuracy, Concentration Performance and Attention Span.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a result, mild dehydration is associated with daily physical activity in children (physical education classes, etc.) or it can easily occur due to food/beverage preferences. It may affect children's performance of school curriculum and extracurricular activities. It shows that maintaining optimal hydration is important.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"627-635"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}