Journal of the American Nutrition Association最新文献

{"title":"Associations Between Ultra-Processed Food (UPF) Consumption and Weight Change and Obesity Risk Among Consumers of Plant-Based Diets: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Terpase S Gbaa, Qisi Yao, Yarisbel Melo Herrera, Maya K Vadiveloo","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2660795","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2660795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interest in plant-based diets for health promotion continues to grow, emphasizing whole and minimally processed foods. Consistent with broader U.S. trends, plant-based consumers derive many calories from UPFs, whose impact on weight change, overweight, and obesity remains unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and weight change, overweight, and obesity among consumers of plant-based diets. A systematic literature search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. This review analyzed twelve studies published between 2020 and 2025 involving 206,727 participants aged 18 and older across six countries. There was a mixed association between UPF consumption and weight change, overweight, and obesity among plant-based consumers, with some suggestion that higher diet quality UPFs were inversely or not associated with body weight. Among the 12 studies included, 4 specifically examined the research question, while the rest separately reported baseline UPF intake and weight-related outcomes. The quality of evidence was weak. While the four studies addressing the research question were rated fair to good quality individually, it was not possible to draw definitive conclusions, as the studies were observational and had a high risk of bias. Across the studies, there was also variability in consumption patterns and potential misclassification of plant-based consumers. Further research evaluating the quality of plant-based UPFs and UPF subcategories is warranted, as diet quality appears to be an influencing factor of the association.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"672-685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13374607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoupling Muscle Mass and Quality: Insights from Adult Body Mass Index Trajectories via Growth Mixture Modeling.","authors":"Li He, Dongguo Leng, Yalan Liu","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2668449","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2668449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia is characterized by a decline in muscle mass and quality and has emerged as a life-threatening aging-related syndrome. However, the association between adult weight trajectories and muscle health remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from 1,007 adults aged ≥50 years from the United States. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 cycles, a cross-sectional analysis of body mass index (BMI) trajectories across four adult life stages was conducted using growth mixture modeling. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) and muscle quality indices, including the appendicular muscle quality index (MQI.app) and total muscle quality index (MQI.total), calculated as grip strength per unit of muscle mass, were used to assess muscle health. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to evaluate the associations between BMI trajectories and muscle outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three BMI trajectories were identified: stable normal (38.5%), rapid increase (16.5%), and stable high (45.0%). The ASMI was greater, whereas the MQI was markedly lower in the rapid increase group than in the stable normal group, with odds ratios (ORs) of 11.38 (95% CI: 6.18-20.98) for the extremely low MQI.app category and 10.07 (95% CI: 5.85-17.11) for the extremely low MQI.total category. The stable high group also showed increased odds of lower MQI categories.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BMI trajectory was heterogeneously associated with muscle phenotype. Static indicators such as BMI and the ASMI alone may not fully capture functional risk. These findings highlight the need for further research on muscle quality and long-term weight dynamics, and for prospective studies before any clinical screening or intervention implications can be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"632-640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Added Mango vs. Sucrose on the Glycemic and Satiety Response to a High Glycemic Load Breakfast.","authors":"Natalie Ramos, Cynthia J Heiss, Angelos K Sikalidis, Jasalyn Avila, Ramasrith Rompicharla","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2678431","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2678431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare the glycemic/blood glucose (BG) and satiety responses of adding mango or sucrose to a high glycemic load (HGL) breakfast.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this randomized, controlled trial (cross-over design), 18 healthy young adults consumed a breakfast of cornflakes and almond milk (Control), Control plus 34 gm added sucrose (ASug), or Control plus added mango (AMango) with 38 gm carbohydrate on 3 separate days. BG was determined at fasting, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min postprandial; satiety was rated with a visual analog scale at each time point. At 120 min, participants consumed a snack of hummus and crackers <i>ad libitum</i> and kcalorie intake was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BG spike was significantly higher in the ASug vs. the Control (<i>p</i> = 0.007); there was no difference in the spike between the AMango and Control. The glucose Area Under Curve (AUC) was significantly higher in the ASug and AMango group than the control (<i>p</i> < 0.02). At 15, 30, 60, and 120 min postprandial, satiety was rated significantly higher in the AMango group vs. the Control and ASug groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There were no differences in kcals of the snack consumed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adding mango to a high glucose breakfast results in a more favorable glycemic response compared to an equivalent amount of carbohydrate as added sucrose. Although mango increased satiety, the snack kcal consumption was not significantly lower after the AMango vs. Control, indicating satiety did not influence consumption of a palatable snack.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"653-662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148303331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Serum Magnesium Fails: A Narrative Review of Magnesium Biochemistry, Compartmental Exchange, and Endpoint Selection for Supplementation Trials.","authors":"Jagdish Chandarana, Kinjal Butani","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2719468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2026.2719468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnesium is an obligate cofactor in more than 600 enzymatic reactions, yet population-level inadequacy is widespread and rarely detected. The reason is largely methodological. Serum magnesium, used in routine care and in most supplementation trials, holds less than one percent of total body magnesium and is homeostatically defended by renal reabsorption and bone exchange, so individuals with substantial tissue depletion may present with values inside the reference range. This narrative review addresses a specific problem: the biochemical endpoints of oral magnesium supplementation trials are poorly matched to the compartments in which magnesium acts. The mismatch has attenuated the evidence in five clinical areas-essential hypertension, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, insomnia and disordered sleep, skeletal muscle cramping, and migraine prophylaxis-in each of which clinical benefit is reported without commensurate serum change. The review first establishes the biochemistry of magnesium essentiality, identifying the enzyme classes for which Mg-ATP is the physiological substrate and the systems in which the free ion acts as a structural or gating element. It then proposes an integrated model in which absorption, renal handling, bone exchange and intracellular distribution operate on distinct timescales, from hours for renal conservation to months for bone. Against that model, serum, erythrocyte, ionized, urinary and loading-test measurements are appraised, and candidate biomarkers mapped compartment by compartment. Published biological variation gives a reference change value of approximately 12% for serum magnesium and a critical difference of approximately 22% for erythrocyte magnesium, while the change reported with oral repletion is comparable or smaller. This arithmetic makes trial endpoints underpowered by construction and explains the recurring pattern of null biochemical findings alongside positive clinical ones. The review closes with a context-dependent hierarchy of methods and identifies harmonization of erythrocyte reference intervals as the most pressing methodological priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Milk Bioactive Components and Early-Life Epigenetic Programming: Implications for Nutrigenomics and Population Health.","authors":"Mohammed Koksh Sidiq, Soran M Mohammed, Fayez Alghofaili, Sewara J Mohammed, Soz Dler Ahmad, Hastyar H Najmuldeen","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2719480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2026.2719480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multifactorial diseases cannot be fully explained by genetic variation alone, highlighting the importance of epigenetic mechanisms that integrate early-life environmental exposures with long-term health outcomes. Within the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework, human breast milk has emerged as a critical regulator of early-life epigenetic programming. Breast milk-derived bioactive components, including non-coding RNAs, extracellular vesicles, immune factors, hormones, and human milk oligosaccharides, actively modulate DNA methylation, chromatin structure, and gene expression involved in immune, metabolic, and developmental pathways, according to recent mechanistic, clinical, and epidemiological evidence. From a nutrigenomic perspective, breast milk represents a highly individualized exposure shaped by maternal genetics, physiology, and environment, potentially influencing infant gene regulation during sensitive developmental windows. This concept provides a biological basis for exploring \"milk kinship,\" a culturally recognized relationship established through shared breastfeeding, as a model of shared early-life exposure. Available evidence indicates that common exposure to breast milk bioactive signals provides a biologically plausible mechanism for partial convergence of epigenetic regulation among unrelated infants. However, direct human studies demonstrating measurable epigenetic or long-term health effects associated with milk kinship remain scarce. Integrating current evidence supports a hypothesis-driven framework linking epigenetics, nutrigenomics, and population health while identifying important knowledge gaps. Longitudinal, multi-omics studies are needed to determine whether shared lactational exposure produces stable, functionally relevant epigenetic signatures and whether these influence disease susceptibility or prevention across the life course.<b>KEY TEACHING POINTS</b>Breast milk contains diverse bioactive components, including microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, human milk oligosaccharides, immune factors, hormones, and growth factors, that may influence infant gene regulation, immune maturation, metabolic programming, and epigenetic development during critical early-life windows.Shared breastfeeding provides a biologically plausible model for examining potential epigenetic convergence among milk siblings through common exposure to milk-derived regulatory signals; however, this hypothesis remains speculative, and direct human evidence demonstrating measurable or persistent epigenetic convergence among milk siblings is currently lacking.Longitudinal, multi-omics studies integrating epigenomic, transcriptomic, microbiome, and detailed breastfeeding data are needed to determine whether shared lactational exposure produces functionally relevant molecular signatures and whether these signatures have implications for health and disease across the life course.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of 31-Day Exogenous Ketone Consumption on Running Performance, Cognitive Function, Metabolism, Body Composition, Hemodynamics, and Mood in Recreational Runners: A Randomized-Control Trial.","authors":"Philip J Prins, Alex Buga, Kristi Storoschuk, Jeffrey D Buxton, Anna K Jenkins, Christofor S Eklund, Victoria C Dacey, Samuel E Belitz, Rachel J Sullivan, Hayden D Gerhart, Dominic P D'Agostino, Jeff S Volek, Andrew P Koutnik","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2636551","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2636551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exogenous ketone supplementation acutely elevates circulating beta-hydroxybutyrate (<i>R</i>-BHB), but the impact of chronic repeated dosing on exercise performance, cognition, mood, and cardiometabolic health remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effects of 31 days of thrice-daily ketone monoester (KME) supplementation (90 g/day; high-dose) on exercise performance, executive function, mood, metabolism, body composition, blood pressure, and tolerability in recreational runners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a single-blind, randomized-controlled trial, 18 runners consumed either (<i>R</i>)-3-hydroxybutyl (<i>R</i>)-3-hydroxybutyrate (KME; 30 g/dose; <i>n</i> = 9) or an isocaloric, flavor-matched placebo (PLA; 30 g/dose; <i>n</i> = 9) three times daily for 31 days. Outcomes included 5-km time trial (5KTT) performance, cognitive function, mood, body composition, blood pressure, and tolerability. Metabolism and substrate oxidation (rest and graded exercise) were performed after 31-d supplementation was completed to assess metabolic responses following 31 days of repeated exogenous ketone exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>31-day KME did not alter 5KTT performance, but improved cognitive function, as evidenced by faster Stroop Incongruent (<i>p</i> = 0.015) and Switching task responses (<i>p</i> = 0.038). Mood and quality of life scores were unchanged. Metabolically, the KME reliably elevated post-ingestion R-BHB (∼3.0 mM; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and lowered glycemia by 15% (<i>p</i> < 0.001). After the 31-day KME supplementation stopped, KME-treatment preserved mean absolute VO₂ during graded exercise testing (<i>p</i> = 0.029), without accompanying improvements in running performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-dose KME administration for 31-days did not alter running performance, but increased cognitive function and oxygen uptake during maximal graded exercise even after ketone administration stopped, indicating that selected physiological measures differed between groups when assessed after the supplementation period.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"545-560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147345270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy Eating Index-2020 and Trabecular Bone Score in US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES 2005-2008.","authors":"Huang Yu, Yuting Liu","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2636544","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2636544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Osteoporosis is a growing public health burden. Trabecular bone score (TBS) from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) reflects trabecular microarchitecture and predicts fractures beyond bone mineral density (BMD). The relationship between Healthy Eating Index 2020 (HEI-2020) and TBS is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We modeled the HEI-2020 in relation to TBS in a cross-sectional sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008 (<i>n</i> = 7,007), using multivariable linear regression, restricted cubic splines for nonlinearity, stratified and interaction analyses for effect modification, and mixture and clustering analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher HEI-2020 scores were positively associated with TBS. Per 10-point increase: <i>β</i> = 0.0052 (95% CI 0.0026-0.0079). The highest versus lowest tertile had higher TBS (<i>β</i> = 0.0133, 95% CI 0.0063-0.0204; P for trend = 0.0242). The dose-response was linear. Associations were stronger in males and individuals with obesity, with significant interaction by sex (<i>p</i> = 0.0262) and body mass index (BMI; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Mixture and clustering analyses supported positive dietary pattern effects, with the high-quality dietary cluster showing higher TBS (<i>β</i> = 0.0133, 95% CI 0.0053-0.0212). Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher HEI-2020 scores were linearly associated with higher TBS, with effect modification by sex and BMI. While these cross-sectional findings suggest better diet quality may benefit trabecular bone microarchitecture, longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"533-544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-Based Nutritional Management of Menopausal Symptoms: A Pathophysiological Reasoning Approach to Personalized Nutrition Practice.","authors":"Eleanor Reid, Michelle Barrow, Bea Cutler","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2632580","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2632580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This case report presents the methodology and the outcomes of a Personalized Nutrition intervention with a menopausal female over seven weeks and two online consultations. The report details the pathophysiological reasoning approach to the patient assessment and the recommendation of interventions with the supporting clinical evidence and learnings.</p><p><strong>Case: </strong>A 47 year old working mother (Patient A) with maternal family history (FH) of osteoporosis (OP), a body mass index (BMI) of 24.2 kg/m² and a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of 0.86. Patient A had seen her medical practitioner (MP) regarding fatigue, lack of concentration and low mood and was prescribed hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Patient A's sleep and mood remained unstable, and she presented with late afternoon fatigue, lower belly bloating and mild headaches. A chiropractor had diagnosed scoliosis. Patient A was seeking support for energy and bone health. Analysis of dietary recall and frequency data indicated that her current macronutrient intake was contributing to blood sugar imbalance, influencing energy levels and impacting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, potentially exacerbated by a change in estrogen levels. A FH of OP encouraged the practitioner to promote bone health. Adjusted macronutrient intake was recommended to support blood sugar balance, increase and sustain energy and promote muscle synthesis. A supplementation plan with regular weight-bearing exercise aimed to support bone mineral density. Caffeine reduction, yoga and meditation to help rebalance the HPA axis. Patient A reported an increase in energy, a reduction in snacking and improved sleep. There was no change to her mood and bloating persisted. Her headaches worsened and the MP prescribed amitriptyline (10 mg) toward the end of the therapy period. Her bone health was not measured.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case provides observational evidence of the potential efficacy of personalized nutrition utilizing pathophysiological reasoning to assess health status, an evidence-based approach to support intervention decisions and coaching skills to embed dietary change.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"522-532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147504994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Link between the Intestinal Microbiome and Th17/Treg Dysregulation in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, and the Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin D.","authors":"Samantha Flower, Anna Gruvstad Melén, Karin Seidler","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2644894","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2644894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b>Autoimmune disease (AD) has become a leading cause of illness in the twenty-first century, with autoimmune thyroid disease at the forefront of these conditions. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) shares many features with other ADs, including associations with gastrointestinal symptoms linked to intestinal dysbiosis (ID). However, the pathogenesis of HT remains incompletely understood, particularly the role of specific T cell lymphocyte activity. The primary objective of this review was to investigate links between ID and HT pathogenesis, focusing on the relationship between a specific cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T cell subsets including T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg). A secondary aim was to explore whether vitamin D supplementation may serve as a viable intervention in managing HT, given existing research demonstrating links between Vitamin D status, HT pathogenesis and ID.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b>A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria across three tranches. A search of the review literature pertaining to thyroid autoimmunity, HT and the intestinal microbiome identified 21 papers for inclusion. A mechanistic literature search covering animal, <i>in vitro</i> and human studies on HT, autoimmunity, ID, intestinal microbiota, intestinal permeability (IP) and Th17 yielded 43 papers. A final search of human studies examining vitamin D status or supplementation in relation to ID, IP, Th17 and interleukin (IL)-17 identified 45 relevant papers. Accepted studies were critically appraised and synthesized in a narrative analysis.<b>Results:</b>Evidence across the included studies suggests an association between ID and pathogenesis of HT. Increased IP and alterations in Th17/Treg balance emerged as key contributing mechanisms. Vitamin D status was also associated with immune modulation, particularly involving Th17 activity, and was strongly linked to both ID and HT pathogenesis.<b>Conclusions:</b>ID may play a contributory role in HT pathogenesis through immune modulation involving CD4+ T cell subsets. Vitamin D supplementation demonstrates potential as an adjunctive strategy; however, further targeted human studies are required to clarify causality and therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"503-521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Choice Motive Profiles and Nutrition Claims in Brazil: Perceived Healthiness and Substitution Intentions in a Weight-Loss Context.","authors":"Camila de Mello Marsola, Joana Pereira de Carvalho-Ferreira, Natália d'Ottaviano Medina, Diogo Thimoteo da Cunha","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2648561","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2026.2648561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify consumer profiles based on their food choice motivations and their perceptions toward foods with nutrition claims (NCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The final sample consisted of 412 Brazilian consumers who answered to an online questionnaire. To measure food choice motives, The Eating Motivation Survey (TEMS) was used. The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21 (TFEQ-R21) was employed to assess cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating. Participants evaluated pairs of conventional foods and versions with nutrition claims (e.g. chocolate vs sugar-free chocolate, bread vs gluten-free bread, <i>requeijã</i>o (cream-cheese) vs light <i>requeijão</i>, yogurt vs high-protein yogurt, milk vs lactose-free milk) in terms of perceived healthiness and likelihood of substitution in a weight-loss context.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Five clusters were identified, characterized by focus on: a) hedonic aspects, b) overall aspects, c) context, d) health and weight control, e) no concerns. Differences in perceived healthiness between clusters for NC foods were found only for <i>high-protein yogurt</i> and <i>light cream-cheese</i>. No differences were observed between clusters in the likelihood of substituting any conventional food with its NC version in a weight-loss diet context. It was noted that the positive effect of NCs on perceived healthiness influenced all consumer profiles in a similar way.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the urgent need to improve public understanding of what NC actually mean and in which dietary contexts substituting conventional foods with claimed alternatives is appropriate. They also reinforce the importance of stricter regulation of NC on ultra-processed foods, so that these messages do not undermine healthy eating and weight-management efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"561-571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}