Journal of the American Nutrition Association最新文献

{"title":"Intake of Dark and Milk Chocolate Differently Affects Autonomic Nervous Control of the Heart During Rest and Mental Stress.","authors":"Rastislav Vazan, Boris Mravec, Iveta Bernatova, Diana Celarova, Silvia Hnilicova, Jana Radosinska","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2376662","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2376662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chocolate is a popular food that may affect the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a single dose of dark or milk chocolate on ANS cardiac control during rest and mental stress induced by the Stroop test (ST).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy participants, divided into DARK or MILK chocolate groups, ingested corresponding type of chocolate (1 g/kg body weight). They underwent measurement of ANS during relaxation and ST before and 2 h after chocolate consumption. ANS control was assessed by determination of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability using parameters related to complex autonomic modulation (TP, SDNN) or primary vagal modulation (HFnu, RMSSD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HR was always increased during ST in both groups. Relaxation HR values after chocolate ingestion were higher only in the DARK chocolate group. During ST, values of TP, SDNN and HFnu decreased before and after chocolate ingestion in the DARK group, but only before chocolate ingestion in the MILK group. RMSSD values decreased during ST before and after chocolate ingestion in both groups. Relaxation TP, RMSSD and HFnu values after chocolate ingestion were lower in the DARK but not in the MILK group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that even a single dose of milk chocolate attenuates changes in ANS cardiac control induced by mental stress, whereas a single dose of dark chocolate has an activating effect on the heart <i>via</i> modification of ANS cardiac control at rest. Different levels of sugars and cocoa biologically active compounds in the two types of chocolate could explain the observed effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"697-703"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Associations of the Traditional Japanese Diet Score with Hypertension Prevalence and Systolic Blood Pressure from 2009 to 2019: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Ecological Study.","authors":"Chisato Abe, Tomoko Imai, Ayako Sezaki, Keiko Miyamoto, Fumiya Kawase, Yoshiro Shirai, Masayo Sanada, Ayaka Inden, Norie Sugihara, Toshie Honda, Yuta Sumikama, Saya Nosaka, Hiroshi Shimokata","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2374408","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2374408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prevention and improvement of hypertension is one of the most important health issues worldwide. The traditional Japanese diet contributes to the prevention of some non-communicable diseases associated with hypertension. However, whether traditional Japanese dietary patterns are associated with hypertension prevalence and systolic blood pressure (SBP) worldwide remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the traditional Japanese diet score (TJDS) is associated with hypertension prevalence and SBP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional and longitudinal ecological study from 2009 to 2019 included 141 countries with a population of at least 1 million. All data used for analysis were obtained from internationally available databases. The TJDS was calculated using country-specific supplies of five foods commonly eaten in the traditional Japanese diet (rice, fish, soybean, vegetables, and egg) and three less commonly eaten foods (wheat, milk, and red meat). Hypertension was defined by SBP ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive medications. The mean SBP was >25 age-standardized data. A general linear model was used for the cross-sectional model in 2009, and a linear mixed model was used for the longitudinal analysis from 2009 to 2019. The covariates included gross domestic product, percentage of population aged >65 years, years of education, smoking rate, average body mass index, physical activity, and energy supply.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TJDS was negatively associated with hypertension prevalence (<i>β</i> ± standard error: -0.861 ± 0.202, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and SBP (<i>β</i> ± standard error: -0.364 ± 0.154, <i>p</i> < 0.05) in the cross-sectional analysis. The TJDS was significantly negatively associated with hypertension prevalence (<i>β</i> ± standard error: -0.845 ± 0.200, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and SBP (<i>β</i> ± standard error: -0.312 ± 0.149, <i>p</i> < 0.05) in the 10-year longitudinal analysis controlled for full covariables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Traditional Japanese dietary patterns are associated with lower hypertension prevalence and SBP worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"678-685"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Exercise: Physical Fitness Changes Caused by Hypocaloric Diet and Exercise in Men Who Are Overweight.","authors":"Melek Gülem Sarıoğlu, Mustafa Akıl","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2370983","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2370983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is evidence showing the effect of hypocaloric diet and increasing physical activity on weight loss. However, the effect of these factors on body composition and functional capacity remains unclear. Also, it is not clear which type of exercise (aerobic, resistance) has effective health benefits for men who are overweight. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a 12-week combined exercise or walking intervention combined with a hypocaloric diet provides improvements in body composition and functional capacity of men who are overweight compared to those who do not exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>60 healthy adult men who are overweight were randomized and divided into 3 groups: 1: Hypocaloric Diet + Combined Exercise; 2: Hypocaloric Diet + Walking; 3: Hypocaloric Diet. The exercise groups were trained for 12 wk, 3 days a week and 60 min (60 min3 days12 wk). Body composition was determined with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) device, strength parameters with MicroFet 2, functional capacity with 6-min walking test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Improvement was observed in all groups at the end of 12 wk. The greatest improvement was in the combined exercise group. While the values of the combined exercise group increased in Skeletal Muscle Mass, there was a decline in the walking and non-exercising group. Basal Metabolism was maintained in combined exercise, but a decrease occurred in the non-exercising group. Muscle force increased in combined exercise; however, it was maintained in the legs in the walking group. Cardiorespiratory fitness was at best level in walking group, but there was no difference between combined exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a result, a hypocaloric diet without an exercise prescription is sufficient to lose weight in the short term (12 wk) at a certain level. But exercise is more important for body composition, weight management and functional capacity. Long-term and in-depth studies should be conducted to interpret the results better.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"653-662"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141493688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Acute Ingestion of Guarana (<i>Paullinia Cupana</i>) on Soccer Player Performance: A Randomized, Cross-over, Placebo-Controlled Study.","authors":"Jaisson Agne Estrázulas, Felipe Pereira Dos Santos, Ana Julia Taborda Machado, Elto Legnani, Romulo Bertuzzi, Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2373189","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2373189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the acute effects of ingesting a beverage containing guarana (<i>Paullinia cupana</i>) seed powder on performance during field tests related to physical capacities that are determinants of soccer performance, such as lower limb power, sprint, agility, and the capacity to carry out intermittent exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted using a randomized, crossover, and counterbalanced design, with a beverage containing guarana or placebo administered in a double-blind manner. Twenty-seven under-17 soccer players of a professional soccer club performed a battery of tests 60 min after the ingestion of guarana (3 g of the fruit seed powder) or placebo. Trials were performed with a 7-day washout period. The battery of tests included a countermovement jump test, sprints of 10 and 20 m, an Illinois agility test, and a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIR1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Guarana ingestion did not improve countermovement jump, sprints, or agility (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, guarana ingestion increased the distance covered in the YYIR1, compared with placebo ingestion (<i>p</i> = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acute ingestion of guarana improves the capacity to perform intermittent exercise in soccer players but seems to be ineffective to improve lower limb power, sprint, and agility.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"671-677"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141493687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Vitamin D Levels and Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Obesity: Results from NHANES 2001-2018.","authors":"Baowen Yu, Deyue Kong, Shenghui Ge, Yunting Zhou, Jianhua Ma","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2370997","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2370997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Obesity is often accompanied by insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes. We explored the association between vitamin D levels and IR in non-diabetic obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the data of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2018. Non-diabetic individuals (aged ≥20 years) with obesity (BMI ≥ 30kg/m²) were included in the study. And HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5 was defined as IR. The multivariable linear regression models were constructed to evaluate the associations between levels of 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) for associations between 25(OH)D deficiency and IR in obesity using multivariable logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, a total of 3887 individuals were included in this study. Serum vitamin D level was significant lower in obesity participants with IR than that of non-IRs. The linear regression models showed that vitamin D level was inversely associated with HOMA-IR in obesity after adjusting for covariables (β=-0.15, 95%CI (-0.28, -0.02), <i>p</i> = 0.028). And the multivariable logistic regression models indicated an association between vitamin D deficiency and IR in obesity ((OR= 1.38, 95%CI (1.09-1.73), <i>p</i> = 0.007)). The further stratified regression analyses among different BMI demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency (OR = 1.4, 95%CI (1.05,1.86), <i>p</i> = 0.022) only contributed to developing IR in class I obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggested an association of vitamin D levels with IR in obesity. And vitamin D deficiency contributed to IR in class I obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"663-670"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141459635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety Symptoms Influence Food Consumption Differently Depending on Nutritional Status During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study with University Students.","authors":"Ana Cláudia Morito Neves, Luiz Antônio Alves de Menezes-Júnior, Raquel de Deus Mendonça, Adriana Lúcia Meireles, Júlia Cristina Cardoso Carraro","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2378085","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2378085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety symptoms are factors that directly affect eating habits, but this interference can be heterogeneous depending on the nutritional status of the individuals.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To analyze whether the presence of anxiety symptoms at the beginning of the pandemic influenced the change in food consumption according to its purpose and extent of processing during a one-year follow-up and whether this association occurs equally with excess weight and without excess weight university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal study was carried out with 583 university students from a public Higher Education Institution (HEI) in Brazil. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to verify whether anxiety symptoms were associated with changes in food consumption over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that previous moderate/severe anxiety symptoms were associated with an increased frequency of consumption of both fresh or minimally processed foods (β: 0.2 95%CI: 0.1; 0.7 <i>p</i> = 0.013) and ultra-processed foods (β: 5.6 95%CI: 1.8; 17.7 <i>p</i> = 0.003), but with different magnitudes. In university students who were not excess weight, previous moderate/severe anxiety symptoms were associated with a reduction in the frequency of consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods (β: -2.0 95%CI: -3.5; -0.5 <i>p</i> = 0.008), while in those who were excess weight, there was an increase in consumption of ultra-processed foods (β: 4.5 95%CI: 2.2; 6.8 <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirms the influence of anxiety symptoms on food consumption according to the extent and purpose of processing. In addition, these results emphasize the role of psychological distress in the university population, and that this factor can affect excess weight and without excess weight individuals differently.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"704-712"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectory Patterns of Weight and Length in Children: From Birth Until 2-Years of Age.","authors":"Lais Dos Santos, Andressa Cristino de Oliveira, Rafaela Marcondes Silva Lotz, Fernanda Manera, Renata Cordeiro Fernandes, Barbara Moreira Castilho, Doroteia Aparecida Höfelmann","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2374412","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2374412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to identify trajectory patterns of weight and length in children from birth until two years of life and establish associations with maternal and child characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-cohort study was conducted in public health services in Colombo-PR, Brazil, between 2018 and 2022. Pregnancy information was gathered through anthropometric data collection and questionnaires. Birth data were extracted from birth record forms, while weight and length data in the first two years of life were obtained from physical and electronic health service records. Weight and length trajectory patterns were identified using a group-based trajectory model. The definition of the number of trajectory patterns to be selected considered the model fit to the type of variable, its practical utility, as well as the probabilities of group membership.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two trajectory patterns of weight and length were identified among the children. The majority exhibited a pattern of weight (67.8%, <i>n</i> = 382) and length (90.9%, <i>n</i> = 472) considered high and stable, with a tendency to decelerate from one and a half years of age. The probability of belonging to the lower weight gain group was associated with female sex (41.5%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), smoking during pregnancy (48.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.008), prematurity (65.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.001), cesarean delivery (36.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.009), small for gestational age (69.0%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and twinning (69.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Similarly, the probability of belonging to the lower length gain group was associated with female sex (11.7%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), smoking during pregnancy (20.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.003), cesarean delivery (10.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.048), born small for gestational age (46.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and twinning (46.1%, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conditions during pregnancy and childbirth can impact growth patterns in the first two years of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"686-696"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> Water Extract Consumption on Blood Parameters and Cytokine Values in Healthy Volunteers.","authors":"Abdurrahman Dündar, Pınar Yalçın, Nurgül Arslan, Hilal Acay, Abdulkerim Hatipoğlu, Mehmet Boğa, Selim Karahan, Bülent Yaprak","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2369781","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2369781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our aim in this study is, does 29-day regular consumption of <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> water extract by volunteer individuals who meet the study criteria have an effect on blood and cytokine values?</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In accordance with the purpose of the study, volunteers were asked to consume 100 ml of the extract every morning for 29 days. Three tubes of blood samples were taken from the volunteers on the 15th and 29th days of the study. Biochemical and hematological analysis of the blood samples were performed and immunomodulatory effects through cytokines were examined. The values obtained from 3 tubes of blood obtained from volunteers before the use of mushroom extract were used as control. The chemical composition and β-glucan content of 100 ml of mushroom water extract were also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 could not be detected because the values were below the lowest standard value. TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1β 15th and 29th day values decreased compared to the 1st day (control) values (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference observed between the 15th and 29th day. No abnormalities were observed in biochemical and hematological values. Also, the β-glucan content of extract was found 38.12 mg/100 ml.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The frequency range of kidney and liver function test results confirmed that <i>P. osreatus</i> is a reliable food source. Considering the cytokine values these results indicate that <i>P. ostreatus</i> water extract has an anti-inflammatory effect. As no significant difference was observed in 29 days of use, it is thought that 15 days of daily consumption of the extract may be sufficient for the anti-inflammatory effect to occur. However, a large number of qualified clinical trials are needed to support the issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"645-652"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141459636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to a Healthful Plant-Based Diet and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Individuals with Diabetes.","authors":"Alysha S Thompson, Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, Amy Jennings, Nicola P Bondonno, Catharina J Candussi, Joshua K O'Neill, Claire Hill, Martina Gaggl, Aedín Cassidy, Tilman Kühn","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2415917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2415917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent among people with diabetes. While identifying modifiable risk factors to prevent a decline in kidney function among those living with diabetes is pivotal, there is limited evidence on dietary risk factors for CKD. In this study, we examined the associations between healthy and less healthy plant-based diets (PBDs) and the risk of CKD among those with diabetes, and to identify potential underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective analysis among 7,747 UK Biobank participants with prevalent diabetes. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the associations between healthful and unhealthful PBDs and the risk of CKD. Causal mediation analyses were further employed to explore the underlying mechanisms of the observed associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 7,747 study participants with diabetes, 1,030 developed incident CKD over 10.2 years of follow-up. Higher adherence to a healthy PBD was associated with a 24% lower CKD risk (HR_{Q4 versus Q1}: 0.76 [95%CI: 0.63-0.92], <i>p</i>_trend = 0.002), while higher adherence to an unhealthy PBD was associated with a 35% higher risk (HR_{Q4 versus Q1}: 1.35 [95%CI: 1.11-1.65], <i>p</i>_trend = 0.006). The observed associations were predominantly mediated by markers of body fatness (proportion mediated: 11-25%) and kidney function (23-89%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this prospective cohort study of middle-aged adults with diabetes, adherence to a healthy PBD was associated with lower CKD risk, whereas adherence to an unhealthy PBD was associated with a higher CKD risk. Associations were primarily mediated by markers of lower body fatness and improved kidney function.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Functional Cobalamin Deficiency and Relevant Mortality Risk in the General Population: An Unheeded Phenotype Distinct from Cobalamin Deficiency.","authors":"Yan Liu, Yi Gao, Yige Liu, Yiying Zhang, Shanjie Wang, Bo Yu","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2412594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2412594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current guidelines prioritize monitoring and managing cobalamin (Cbl) deficiency but insufficiently address the issue of functional Cbl deficiency (decreased Cbl sensitivity). This study aims to investigate the prevalence burden of functional Cbl deficiency and to examine its prospective association with mortality risk, compared to Cbl deficiency, among United States (US) adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The cohort study included 22,513 US participants aged ≥20 years from 1999 to 2014 and was followed up through December 31, 2019. Cbl sensitivity was assessed using a combination of binary classifications for Cbl and methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels, with cutoff values set at 400 pg/mL for Cbl and 250 nmol/L for MMA. Functional Cbl deficiency was defined as elevated MMA and Cbl levels. Serum Cbl levels <148 pmol/L (200 pg/mL) were classified as Cbl deficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, approximately 2.1% of US adults had Cbl deficiency, while the age-adjusted prevalence of functional Cbl deficiency was 4.5%, corresponding to an estimated 10 million US adults. Over a median follow-up period of 10.7 years, there were 4636 recorded deaths. Compared to the MMA_lowCbl_low group (MMA ≤250 nmol/L, Cbl ≤400 pg/mL), the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortality in the MMA_highCbl_high group were 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53-2.02, <i>p</i> < 0.001), 2.17 (95% CI: 1.78-2.67, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and 1.38 (95% CI: 0.95-2.00, <i>p</i> = 0.089). In contrast, the mortality risk associated with Cbl deficiency became insignificant after adjusting for similar confounders. While Cbl supplementation or dietary intake above recommended levels might alleviate Cbl deficiency, they do not appear to reduce the prevalence of functional Cbl deficiency or its associated mortality risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with Cbl deficiency, functional Cbl deficiency is more frequent and is significantly associated with increased mortality risk in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}