Journal of the American Nutrition Association最新文献

{"title":"A Novel Herbal Composition Alleviates Functional Constipation, Reduces Gastrointestinal Transit Time, and Improves Bowel Function in Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Study.","authors":"Gaurav Singh, Indresh Dixit, Douglas Kalman, Naga Tejaswi Gogineni","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2346073","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2346073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>A recent proof-of-concept pilot clinical study has demonstrated that consumption of CL18100F4, a proprietary herbal blend of <i>Withania somnifera</i> root and <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> fruit extracts, significantly relieved the participants from functional constipation and improved their quality of life. The objective of the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to reevaluate the efficacy and tolerability of CL18100F4 in a larger number of subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male and female subjects (<i>n</i> = 135; age: 25-60 years), selected through Rome-IV criteria for functional constipation, were randomized into placebo and 300 or 500 mg of CL18100F4 groups and supplemented daily over 60 consecutive days. The primary efficacy outcome measure was Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms (PAC-SYM), evaluated at baseline and on days 7, 30, and 60 of supplementation. The secondary efficacy parameters included Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life (PAC-QOL), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) scores, Gastrointestinal Transit Time (GIT), and Complete Spontaneous Bowel Movement (CSBM). Serum levels of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, cortisol, gastrin, serotonin, Diamine oxidase (DAO), and Zonulin were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CL18100F4 supplementation significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) reduced the PAC-SYM, PAC-QOL, GSRS scores, and GIT and improved CSBM scores. CL18100F4 significantly improved (<i>p</i> < 0.001) sleep quality and decreased depression and anxiety symptoms in the participants. Notably, relief in constipation symptoms and improved gastrointestinal (GI) function were reported starting from day 7. Furthermore, CL18100F4 supplementation significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) increased the serum levels of IL-10, DAO, serotonin, gastrin, reduced IL-6, cortisol, and Zonulin. No major adverse events were observed. Participants' vital signs, hematology, clinical biochemistry, and urinalysis parameters were within the normal ranges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present investigation demonstrates that CL18100F4 is tolerable and efficacious in relieving functional constipation, alleviating GI dysfunction, and improving associated non-GI factors in male and female adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malnutrition Severity Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Alcoholic Hepatitis: Evidence from National Data.","authors":"Ali Jaan, Iyiad Alabdul Razzak, Ammad Javaid Chaudhary, Umer Farooq, Abdul Moiz Khan, Laraib Fatima Sheikh, Ashish Dhawan, Byron Cryer","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2383403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2383403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) represents a severe manifestation of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) associated with a wide severity spectrum. ALD is linked to nutritional deficiencies, with the gravity of malnutrition escalating as alcohol abuse and ALD progress. This study aims to delve into the impact of malnutrition on the clinical trajectory of AH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified adult patients admitted with AH using the National Readmission Database (NRD) 2016-2020. We further classified AH patients based on the severity of malnutrition. We compared the outcomes of AH hospitalizations using a multivariate regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 82,367 AH patients, of whom 15,693 (19.00%) had malnutrition. 4,243 (5.15%) patients exhibited mild to moderate malnutrition, 5,862 (7.07%) patients had severe malnutrition, and 5,588 (6.78%) patients had unspecified severity of malnutrition. We found that adjusted in-hospital mortality due to AH was higher in patients with malnutrition, corresponding to the severity of malnutrition (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.62 and 3.14 in mild-moderate malnutrition and severe malnutrition, respectively; <i>p</i> < .01). Additionally, patients with malnutrition had progressively elevated odds of septic shock, vasopressor requirement, mechanical ventilation, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission with escalating intensity of malnutrition. Liver-related complications, such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, coagulopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy, were also found to have an increased likelihood in the presence of malnutrition. Furthermore, resource utilization showed a progressive increase with increasing severity of malnutrition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that malnutrition is a common comorbidity in AH patients, with varying degrees of severity, which correlates with higher mortality rates, emphasizing the critical role of nutritional status in the prognosis of AH. These findings underscore the importance of addressing and managing malnutrition in patients with AH, not only for its potential contribution to mortality but also because of its association with a spectrum of complications and increased healthcare resource utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is There a Relationship Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Clinical Attachment Loss in Patients with Periodontitis?","authors":"Seda Sultan Sağır, Eda Başmısırlı, Baturay Sapancı, Ömer Alperen Kırmızıgül, Neriman İnanç","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2382961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2382961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The pathogenesis of periodontal diseases is partially driven by oxidative stress. However, studies on the relationship between periodontitis and the inflammatory load of diet are still insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between the diet's inflammatory load and periodontitis and clinical attachment loss (CAL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 119 participants diagnosed with periodontitis according to the 1999 classification. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) was calculated using three-day food consumption records and divided into quartiles (Q1, Q2, and Q3). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight and height (kg/m²). Clinical attachment loss (CAL) score was determined, and the patients were grouped with those CAL scores as 7 < CAL and ≥7 CAL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 119 patients with periodontitis, aged 46.24 ± 12.84 years, 45.3% were found to have an anti-inflammatory diet profile (<i>n</i> = 54). When the daily energy and nutrient intake of individuals were examined, it was found that the intake of omega-3 fatty acids (<i>p</i> = 0.004), black tea (<i>p</i> = 0.021), and green pepper (<i>p</i> = 0.029) was higher in those with CAL < 7 compared to those with CAL ≥ 7. There was no relationship between the patients' DII and CAL values. Daily energy, protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin E, folic acid, Fe, Zn, and Mg intake in patients with an anti-inflammatory diet in Q1 were higher than in Q2 and Q3 (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found no relationship between DII levels and CAL scores. However, it was observed that periodontitis patients following an anti-inflammatory diet had higher intakes of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A, E, and C, as well as zinc and magnesium which are nutrients known to be effective against inflammation. These patients also had CAL scores below 7. Therefore, reducing the inflammatory load of the diet may prevent the development of periodontitis, and further research in this regard would be beneficial.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary Analysis of Sweetness Liking from Pilot Study Replacing Sugar Sweetened Soda with Flavored, Unsweetened Sparkling Water.","authors":"Vinícius Valicente, Nana Gletsu-Miller, Cordelia A Running","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2369819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2369819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate changes in sensory ratings (liking, sweetness intensity, \"just about right\" (JAR) level of sweetness) of 0-10.7% w/w sugar in soda after 1 and 2 wk of replacing sugar-sweetened soda consumption with unsweetened, flavored, sparkling water.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consumers of sugar-sweetened sodas (17 men and women, average age 28 years) replaced their sodas with unsweetened, flavored sparkling waters for 2 wk. Changes in sensory ratings were evaluated for sodas ranging from 0-10.7% w/w added sugar. In a secondary analysis, cluster analysis identified \"Sweet Likers\" (liking increased with sugar concentration) and \"Sweet Moderates\" (liking peaked in the middle of the concentration range) in the baseline ratings, and models for changes in sensory ratings were reevaluated by sweet-liking group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary analyses showed no significant effects of the intervention on sweetness intensity or liking ratings. However, the secondary analysis showed that Sweet Likers reduced liking ratings for all sodas, but particularly for the highest concentration (<i>p</i> = 0.0021) after the intervention. Sweet Moderates, however, increased liking ratings after the intervention, driven by an increase in liking for the lower concentrations of sugar (<i>p</i> = 0.0058). Additionally, Sweet Moderates increased their overall ratings for sweetness intensity in sodas (<i>p</i> = 0.00074).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that the intervention may have been more successful in shifting sensory perception and acceptance of less-sweet sodas for Sweet Moderates than for Sweet Likers. These results should be verified in a larger sample that intentionally recruits by sweet liker status, to see if initial liking for sweetness may be a critical factor in interventions aiming to improve liking of less sweet beverages.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety Symptoms Influence Food Consumption Differently Depending on Nutritional Status During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study with University Students.","authors":"Ana Cláudia Morito Neves, Luiz Antônio Alves de Menezes-Júnior, Raquel de Deus Mendonça, Adriana Lúcia Meireles, Júlia Cristina Cardoso Carraro","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2378085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2378085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety symptoms are factors that directly affect eating habits, but this interference can be heterogeneous depending on the nutritional status of the individuals.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To analyze whether the presence of anxiety symptoms at the beginning of the pandemic influenced the change in food consumption according to its purpose and extent of processing during a one-year follow-up and whether this association occurs equally with excess weight and without excess weight university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal study was carried out with 583 university students from a public Higher Education Institution (HEI) in Brazil. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to verify whether anxiety symptoms were associated with changes in food consumption over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that previous moderate/severe anxiety symptoms were associated with an increased frequency of consumption of both fresh or minimally processed foods (β: 0.2 95%CI: 0.1; 0.7 <i>p</i> = 0.013) and ultra-processed foods (β: 5.6 95%CI: 1.8; 17.7 <i>p</i> = 0.003), but with different magnitudes. In university students who were not excess weight, previous moderate/severe anxiety symptoms were associated with a reduction in the frequency of consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods (β: -2.0 95%CI: -3.5; -0.5 <i>p</i> = 0.008), while in those who were excess weight, there was an increase in consumption of ultra-processed foods (β: 4.5 95%CI: 2.2; 6.8 <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirms the influence of anxiety symptoms on food consumption according to the extent and purpose of processing. In addition, these results emphasize the role of psychological distress in the university population, and that this factor can affect excess weight and without excess weight individuals differently.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectory Patterns of Weight and Length in Children: From Birth Until 2-Years of Age.","authors":"Lais Dos Santos, Andressa Cristino de Oliveira, Rafaela Marcondes Silva Lotz, Fernanda Manera, Renata Cordeiro Fernandes, Barbara Moreira Castilho, Doroteia Aparecida Höfelmann","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2374412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2374412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to identify trajectory patterns of weight and length in children from birth until two years of life and establish associations with maternal and child characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-cohort study was conducted in public health services in Colombo-PR, Brazil, between 2018 and 2022. Pregnancy information was gathered through anthropometric data collection and questionnaires. Birth data were extracted from birth record forms, while weight and length data in the first two years of life were obtained from physical and electronic health service records. Weight and length trajectory patterns were identified using a group-based trajectory model. The definition of the number of trajectory patterns to be selected considered the model fit to the type of variable, its practical utility, as well as the probabilities of group membership.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two trajectory patterns of weight and length were identified among the children. The majority exhibited a pattern of weight (67.8%, <i>n</i> = 382) and length (90.9%, <i>n</i> = 472) considered high and stable, with a tendency to decelerate from one and a half years of age. The probability of belonging to the lower weight gain group was associated with female sex (41.5%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), smoking during pregnancy (48.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.008), prematurity (65.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.001), cesarean delivery (36.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.009), small for gestational age (69.0%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and twinning (69.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Similarly, the probability of belonging to the lower length gain group was associated with female sex (11.7%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), smoking during pregnancy (20.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.003), cesarean delivery (10.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.048), born small for gestational age (46.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and twinning (46.1%, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conditions during pregnancy and childbirth can impact growth patterns in the first two years of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intake of Dark and Milk Chocolate Differently Affects Autonomic Nervous Control of the Heart During Rest and Mental Stress.","authors":"Rastislav Vazan, Boris Mravec, Iveta Bernatova, Diana Celarova, Silvia Hnilicova, Jana Radosinska","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2376662","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2376662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chocolate is a popular food that may affect the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a single dose of dark or milk chocolate on ANS cardiac control during rest and mental stress induced by the Stroop test (ST).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy participants, divided into DARK or MILK chocolate groups, ingested corresponding type of chocolate (1 g/kg body weight). They underwent measurement of ANS during relaxation and ST before and 2 h after chocolate consumption. ANS control was assessed by determination of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability using parameters related to complex autonomic modulation (TP, SDNN) or primary vagal modulation (HFnu, RMSSD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HR was always increased during ST in both groups. Relaxation HR values after chocolate ingestion were higher only in the DARK chocolate group. During ST, values of TP, SDNN and HFnu decreased before and after chocolate ingestion in the DARK group, but only before chocolate ingestion in the MILK group. RMSSD values decreased during ST before and after chocolate ingestion in both groups. Relaxation TP, RMSSD and HFnu values after chocolate ingestion were lower in the DARK but not in the MILK group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that even a single dose of milk chocolate attenuates changes in ANS cardiac control induced by mental stress, whereas a single dose of dark chocolate has an activating effect on the heart <i>via</i> modification of ANS cardiac control at rest. Different levels of sugars and cocoa biologically active compounds in the two types of chocolate could explain the observed effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Associations of the Traditional Japanese Diet Score with Hypertension Prevalence and Systolic Blood Pressure from 2009 to 2019: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Ecological Study.","authors":"Chisato Abe, Tomoko Imai, Ayako Sezaki, Keiko Miyamoto, Fumiya Kawase, Yoshiro Shirai, Masayo Sanada, Ayaka Inden, Norie Sugihara, Toshie Honda, Yuta Sumikama, Saya Nosaka, Hiroshi Shimokata","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2374408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2374408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prevention and improvement of hypertension is one of the most important health issues worldwide. The traditional Japanese diet contributes to the prevention of some non-communicable diseases associated with hypertension. However, whether traditional Japanese dietary patterns are associated with hypertension prevalence and systolic blood pressure (SBP) worldwide remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the traditional Japanese diet score (TJDS) is associated with hypertension prevalence and SBP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional and longitudinal ecological study from 2009 to 2019 included 141 countries with a population of at least 1 million. All data used for analysis were obtained from internationally available databases. The TJDS was calculated using country-specific supplies of five foods commonly eaten in the traditional Japanese diet (rice, fish, soybean, vegetables, and egg) and three less commonly eaten foods (wheat, milk, and red meat). Hypertension was defined by SBP ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive medications. The mean SBP was >25 age-standardized data. A general linear model was used for the cross-sectional model in 2009, and a linear mixed model was used for the longitudinal analysis from 2009 to 2019. The covariates included gross domestic product, percentage of population aged >65 years, years of education, smoking rate, average body mass index, physical activity, and energy supply.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TJDS was negatively associated with hypertension prevalence (<i>β</i> ± standard error: -0.861 ± 0.202, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and SBP (<i>β</i> ± standard error: -0.364 ± 0.154, <i>p</i> < 0.05) in the cross-sectional analysis. The TJDS was significantly negatively associated with hypertension prevalence (<i>β</i> ± standard error: -0.845 ± 0.200, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and SBP (<i>β</i> ± standard error: -0.312 ± 0.149, <i>p</i> < 0.05) in the 10-year longitudinal analysis controlled for full covariables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Traditional Japanese dietary patterns are associated with lower hypertension prevalence and SBP worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Exercise: Physical Fitness Changes Caused by Hypocaloric Diet and Exercise in Men Who Are Overweight.","authors":"Melek Gülem Sarıoğlu, Mustafa Akıl","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2370983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2370983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is evidence showing the effect of hypocaloric diet and increasing physical activity on weight loss. However, the effect of these factors on body composition and functional capacity remains unclear. Also, it is not clear which type of exercise (aerobic, resistance) has effective health benefits for men who are overweight. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a 12-week combined exercise or walking intervention combined with a hypocaloric diet provides improvements in body composition and functional capacity of men who are overweight compared to those who do not exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>60 healthy adult men who are overweight were randomized and divided into 3 groups: 1: Hypocaloric Diet + Combined Exercise; 2: Hypocaloric Diet + Walking; 3: Hypocaloric Diet. The exercise groups were trained for 12 wk, 3 days a week and 60 min (60 min3 days12 wk). Body composition was determined with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) device, strength parameters with MicroFet 2, functional capacity with 6-min walking test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Improvement was observed in all groups at the end of 12 wk. The greatest improvement was in the combined exercise group. While the values of the combined exercise group increased in Skeletal Muscle Mass, there was a decline in the walking and non-exercising group. Basal Metabolism was maintained in combined exercise, but a decrease occurred in the non-exercising group. Muscle force increased in combined exercise; however, it was maintained in the legs in the walking group. Cardiorespiratory fitness was at best level in walking group, but there was no difference between combined exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a result, a hypocaloric diet without an exercise prescription is sufficient to lose weight in the short term (12 wk) at a certain level. But exercise is more important for body composition, weight management and functional capacity. Long-term and in-depth studies should be conducted to interpret the results better.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141493688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Acute Ingestion of Guarana (<i>Paullinia Cupana</i>) on Soccer Player Performance: A Randomized, Cross-over, Placebo-Controlled Study.","authors":"Jaisson Agne Estrázulas, Felipe Pereira Dos Santos, Ana Julia Taborda Machado, Elto Legnani, Romulo Bertuzzi, Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2373189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2373189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the acute effects of ingesting a beverage containing guarana (<i>Paullinia cupana</i>) seed powder on performance during field tests related to physical capacities that are determinants of soccer performance, such as lower limb power, sprint, agility, and the capacity to carry out intermittent exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted using a randomized, crossover, and counterbalanced design, with a beverage containing guarana or placebo administered in a double-blind manner. Twenty-seven under-17 soccer players of a professional soccer club performed a battery of tests 60 min after the ingestion of guarana (3 g of the fruit seed powder) or placebo. Trials were performed with a 7-day washout period. The battery of tests included a countermovement jump test, sprints of 10 and 20 m, an Illinois agility test, and a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIR1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Guarana ingestion did not improve countermovement jump, sprints, or agility (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, guarana ingestion increased the distance covered in the YYIR1, compared with placebo ingestion (<i>p</i> = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acute ingestion of guarana improves the capacity to perform intermittent exercise in soccer players but seems to be ineffective to improve lower limb power, sprint, and agility.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141493687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}