Journal of the American Nutrition Association最新文献

{"title":"Tea Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes: Findings from the Prospective UK Biobank Cohort Study.","authors":"Lu Gan, Dinghao Zheng, Bin Zhao, Kai Yu, Kehua Guo, Guoqing Hu, Fang Fang, Zhiguang Zhou, Demetrius Albanes, Jiaqi Huang","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2475894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2475894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether tea consumption is associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), to elucidate potential effect modification by genetic susceptibility, and to examine metabolic biomarkers as potential mediators for the association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cohort analysis of 382,946 participants in the UK Biobank. Multivariable-adjusted age-stratified Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between tea consumption and T2D risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 14.0 years, 16,100 incident cases of T2D were documented. Greater tea consumption was associated with a modestly reduced risk of T2D. Compared with no tea consumption, the HR (95% CI) of T2D was 0.93 (0.89, 0.98), 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.90) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.92) for tea consumption of 2 to 3, 4 to 5, or 6+ cups per day, respectively (P for trend < 0.0001). The observed inverse association between tea consumption and T2D risk was generally consistent across cohort subgroups, including groups with different genetic susceptibility to T2D (P for interaction = 0.64). Mediation analyses estimated that 49.7% (95% CI: 37.1%, 62.4%), 11.2% (95% CI: 4.2%, 26.3%), 3.6% (95% CI: 1.5%, 8.5%), 5.3% (95% CI: 2.6%, 10.4%), and 2.8% (95% CI: 0.8%, 9.6%) of the inverse tea association may be effected through BMI, waist-hip ratio, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and C-reactive protein, respectively. On the other hand, consumption of artificially sweetened tea was positively related to risk of T2D.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Greater tea consumption was associated with decreased risk of T2D, independent of other risk factors and genetic predisposition. In contrast, consumption of artificially sweetened tea was positively associated with risk of T2D. Our findings provide evidence relevant to the primary prevention of T2D, supporting the potential of tea consumption as a component of a healthy diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Alignment with the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with a Lower Risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Zeynep Aksoy, Caglar Doguer","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2480140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2480140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood, causing cognitive and social dysfunctions. Symptoms may persist into adolescence and adulthood or may occur later in life without childhood onset. Nutrition, which is an environmental risk factor, is also important in the treatment of ADHD. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a dietary model in accordance with the nutritional recommendations indicated in ADHD. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ADHD and dietary alignment with the MD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted with 440 students aged 18 to 24 years studying at Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Türkiye. The data collection tools used in the study were a sociodemographic characteristics form, an MD Quality Index (KIDMED), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean scores for the Attention Deficit subscale, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity subscale, and total ASRS total score of the participants with low dietary alignment with the MD were significantly higher than those of the participants with moderate and high dietary alignment with the MD (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The KIDMED scores showed a strong negative correlation with the total ASRS scores (<i>r</i> = -0.681; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and the Attention Deficit subscale scores (<i>r</i> = -0.643; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and a moderate negative correlation with the Hyperactivity/Impulsivity subscale scores (<i>r</i> = -0.533; <i>p</i> < 0.001). According to the results of the multivariate linear regression analysis, a one-unit increase in the KIDMED score is associated with a decrease of 2.333 units in the ASRS score (β = -2.333, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Greater dietary alignment with the MD was associated with a lower risk of ADHD symptoms, including attention deficit and hyperactivity/impulsivity, and the positive relationship between the ASRS subscales suggests that these symptoms often co-occur. Though the findings suggest that the MD may help reduce ADHD risk, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Triglyceride-Glucose-Related Obesity Indices With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Individuals With Hyperuricemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yong Huang, Ziling Wei, Linfeng Wang, Gaojie Zhang, Guo Yang, Jiang Yu, Qingyu Wu, Jiayu Liu","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2475876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2475876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study sought to clarify the relationship between triglyceride-glucose (TyG)-related obesity indices and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with hyperuricemia (HUA).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 4207 patients with HUA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were included in this study. Various methods were employed, including weighted multivariate-adjusted Cox regression models, Kaplan-Meier curves, restricted cubic spline, and receiver operating curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A nonlinear relationship was identified between TyG-related obesity indices and all-cause mortality, while a linear positive relationship was observed for cardiovascular mortality. Among the indices, TyG-ABSI (a body shape index) demonstrated the strongest predictive ability, with areas under the curve for all-cause mortality at 3, 5, and 10 years being 0.638, 0.632, and 0.650, respectively, and for cardiovascular mortality at 3, 5, and 10 years being 0.699, 0.673, and 0.671, respectively. Threshold analysis revealed the potential inflection point (k) of the nonlinear relationship. Subgroup analyses indicated interactions with age, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. Additionally, serum uric acid was found to partially mediate the association between TyG-derived indices and follow-up time. The results of the sensitivity analysis were consistent with those of the original analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TyG-ABSI, which exhibited the best predictive ability, may serve as a valuable biomarker for the long-term follow-up of individuals with HUA.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compatibility of the Mini Nutritional Assessment and the Healthy Diet Indicator in the Evaluation of Nutritional Status in Older Adults: A Community-Based Study.","authors":"Neslişah Rakıcıoğlu, Hande Gül Ulusoy-Gezer, Bülent Çelik","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2475879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2475879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility between the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), a validated tool for screening for malnutrition among older adults, and the Healthy Diet Indicator-2015 (HDI-2015), a diet quality index, to investigate their relationship in assessing nutritional status.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 6094 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and older. The MNA was administered to assess the nutritional status, and the adherence to the World Health Organization's HDI-2015 was determined based on 24-hour dietary recalls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the MNA, 70.4% of older adults had a normal nutritional status, 27.6% had a risk of malnutrition, and 2.0% were malnourished. Advanced age, female sex, poor appetite, difficulty chewing and swallowing, consistently skipping meals, and not exercising regularly were significantly associated with the rate of malnutrition in older adults (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Only 3.8% of older adults demonstrated high adherence to the HDI-2015, whereas 27.0% demonstrated moderate adherence and 69.2% demonstrated low adherence. The rate of malnutrition was higher in older adults who demonstrated low adherence to the HDI-2015 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A weak positive correlation was found between the MNA and the HDI-2015 (<i>r</i> = 0.119; <i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Even if older adults living in the community have a normal nutritional status according to the MNA, periodically obtaining dietary recalls to assess diet quality, such as using HDI-2015, is important for developing personalized nutrition plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Cardiometabolic Response to Mango Intake in Postmenopausal Women.","authors":"Roberta R Holt, Esther Ho, Xiang Li, Vivien W Fam, Nasim Hedayati, Carl L Keen, Prae Charoenwoodhipong, Robert M Hackman","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2478937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2478937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Consumption of mangos has been associated with improved diet quality, with reported reductions in systolic blood pressure and inflammatory biomarkers when consumed daily in robust amounts for six to eight weeks. Whether these changes could occur with a shorter intake period is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study explored the effect of two weeks of mango intake (330 g/d) on microvascular function and cardiometabolic markers in a group of relatively healthy postmenopausal women with an overweight or obese body mass index. Outcomes were compared to two weeks of baseline measures without mango intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary outcome measure, microvascular function did not significantly change, while supine systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, mean pulse pressure, and fasting cholesterol were significantly reduced. No significant changes in platelet aggregation or adhesion markers were noted. To explore the results further, a small probe study was conducted comparing the intake of mango to a calorically-equivalent amount of white bread. Blood glucose rose in both groups one hour after consumption, but significantly less after mango intake. Insulin levels also rose one hour after intake of both foods, but remained elevated in response to white bread, suggesting a moderating effect of mangos on glucose absorption and metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Further research using amounts of mango typically consumed, over an extended period of time, are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between the Dietary Fatty Acid Fraction and Healthy Life Expectancy: Global Spatiotemporal Epidemiology from 2010 to 2019.","authors":"Yoshiro Shirai, Tomoko Imai, Chisato Abe, Ayako Sezaki, Keiko Miyamoto, Fumiya Kawase, Masayo Sanada, Ayaka Inden, Norie Sugihara, Toshie Honda, Yuta Sumikama, Saya Nosaka, Hiroshi Shimokata","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2472656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2472656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As the global population ages, extending not only the life expectancy (LE) but also the healthy life expectancy (HALE) has become a critical public health objective. Dietary choices, especially the intake of various fatty acids, may play a role in achieving good health.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to describe the intake of fatty acid (FA) fractions across different countries and explore its associations with HALE and LE from 2010 to 2019 according to publicly available international data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on FA intake in 2010 were obtained from the Global Dietary Database. HALE and LE data were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. A total of 151 countries with populations exceeding 1 million people were included in the analysis. Associations of the intake of each FA with HALE and LE were assessed using linear mixed models adjusted for various covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High national omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake was positively associated with both HALE (<i>β</i>: 2.63, SE: 0.73, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and LE (<i>β</i>: 2.32, SE: 0.63, <i>p</i> < 0.001). These associations remained unchanged when n-3 PUFAs were separated into plant-derived and seafood-derived n-3 PUFAs. No significant associations were observed for the other FAs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher intake of n-3 PUFAs is positively associated with longer HALE and LE at the national level. These findings underscore the importance of dietary fat composition in promoting healthy aging. Further research is needed to develop public health strategies adapted to each country.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Functional Cobalamin Deficiency and Relevant Mortality Risk in the General Population: An Unheeded Phenotype Distinct from Cobalamin Deficiency.","authors":"Yan Liu, Yi Gao, Yige Liu, Yiying Zhang, Shanjie Wang, Bo Yu","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2412594","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2412594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current guidelines prioritize monitoring and managing cobalamin (Cbl) deficiency but insufficiently address the issue of functional Cbl deficiency (decreased Cbl sensitivity). This study aims to investigate the prevalence burden of functional Cbl deficiency and to examine its prospective association with mortality risk, compared to Cbl deficiency, among United States (US) adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The cohort study included 22,513 US participants aged ≥20 years from 1999 to 2014 and was followed up through December 31, 2019. Cbl sensitivity was assessed using a combination of binary classifications for Cbl and methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels, with cutoff values set at 400 pg/mL for Cbl and 250 nmol/L for MMA. Functional Cbl deficiency was defined as elevated MMA and Cbl levels. Serum Cbl levels <148 pmol/L (200 pg/mL) were classified as Cbl deficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, approximately 2.1% of US adults had Cbl deficiency, while the age-adjusted prevalence of functional Cbl deficiency was 4.5%, corresponding to an estimated 10 million US adults. Over a median follow-up period of 10.7 years, there were 4636 recorded deaths. Compared to the MMA_lowCbl_low group (MMA ≤250 nmol/L, Cbl ≤400 pg/mL), the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer-related mortality in the MMA_highCbl_high group were 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53-2.02, <i>p</i> < 0.001), 2.17 (95% CI: 1.78-2.67, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and 1.38 (95% CI: 0.95-2.00, <i>p</i> = 0.089). In contrast, the mortality risk associated with Cbl deficiency became insignificant after adjusting for similar confounders. While Cbl supplementation or dietary intake above recommended levels might alleviate Cbl deficiency, they do not appear to reduce the prevalence of functional Cbl deficiency or its associated mortality risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with Cbl deficiency, functional Cbl deficiency is more frequent and is significantly associated with increased mortality risk in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"181-189"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory Potency of Chlorogenic Acid from Apple Cider Vinegar Against Alzheimer's Disease: Molecular Docking and Dynamics Validation.","authors":"Smriti Tripathi, Sheikh Murtuja, Mohd Usman Siddique, Azim Ansari, Gourav Rakshit","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2426558","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2426558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary cause of memory loss is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have shown that natural compounds like apple cider vinegar (ACV) have anti-Alzheimer's capabilities. Essential components of ACV, such as gallic acid and chlorogenic acid, may be in charge of the drug's pharmacological effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using molecular docking and dynamics (MD), the current work looks at the aspect of ACV that protects against AD. To study the conformational relationships and interaction mechanisms between two biological molecules (such as interactions between proteins and drugs or between proteins), MD simulation is frequently used. MD can help understand molecular structural differences between proteins and small compounds. We used acetylcholinesterase (AChE, PDB ID: 1UT6) to MD chlorogenic and gallic acids, as well as the currently prescribed medication rivastigmine (Standard medication). Furthermore, we determine the binding affinity, which may be responsible for AChE inhibition. MD simulations were performed on docked complexes of chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, and rivastigmine with receptor 1UT6 for a 300 ns trajectory to ensure the stability of docked ligand-protein complexes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that chlorogenic acid has the highest binding affinity and stability for AChE inhibition. In the docking and dynamics analysis, both techniques have predicted chlorogenic acid to be a potential constituent of ACV which shows a similar activity when compared to rivastigmine by virtue of binding affinity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings identify chlorogenic acid as the key component of ACV that protects against AD-related cognitive and behavioral impairments. This finding will be critical in the development of ACV-based drugs for Alzheimer's disease treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"267-282"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Diversity, Rather Than Quality, Parallels a Reduction in Metabolic Syndrome and a Favorable Gut Microbiome: The Dietary Diversity Score.","authors":"Mats L Wiese, Fabian Frost, Martin Bahls, Sabrina von Rheinbaben, Malte Rühlemann, Corinna Bang, Andre Franke, Matthias Nauck, Robin Bülow, Uwe Völker, Henry Völzke, Till Ittermann, Markus M Lerch, Ali A Aghdassi","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2423775","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2423775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Diet plays a crucial role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). While dietary recommendations primarily focus on quality of food intake, the relevance and mechanisms of dietary diversity for the prevention of obesity and metabolic diseases are unclear. Here, we investigate the respective associations of dietary diversity and quality with MetS and gut microbiota composition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pooled data from 2 independent population-based cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (n = 6753) were used. Based on a validated food frequency questionnaire a novel dietary diversity score (DDS) and an established dietary quality score (DQS) were calculated. Both were correlated with anthropometric data and clinical components of MetS as well as with intestinal microbial composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DDS was associated with a healthier metabolic phenotype and lower MetS risk in both cross-sectional (odds ratio [OR], 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.93; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and longitudinal analyses of 5-year follow-up data (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79-0.99; <i>p</i> = 0.029). In contrast, there were hardly any favorable associations between DQS and MetS, neither cross-sectionally nor longitudinally. DDS explained 42.6% more beta diversity variation in gut microbiota than DQS and was linked to a more favorable microbial composition (e.g., less <i>Escherichia</i>/<i>Shigella</i> [<i>q</i> = 0.00576] and greater <i>Ruminococcaceae</i> [<i>q</i> = 0.01263] abundance).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary diversity, as determined by the novel DDS, reduces MetS risk, whereas dietary quality was less important in that regard. Greater dietary diversity was paralleled by greater microbiota diversity and a healthier gut microbiome. Future dietary recommendations should emphasize dietary diversity rather than absolute consumption of nutritional components.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"256-266"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Vegan and Omnivore Diet on Post-Downhill Running Economy and Muscle Function.","authors":"Ecaterina Vasenina, Danielle A Sterner, L Colby Mangum, Jeffrey R Stout, David H Fukuda","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2421535","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2421535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to examine the difference between the extent of muscle damaging exercise on muscle function variables of vegans and omnivores.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty recreationally trained participants completed the study. Participants were assigned to either vegan (<i>n</i> = 10) or omnivore (<i>n</i> = 10) groups. Subjects completed a consent visit followed by 2 visits consisting of running exercise sessions and test familiarization. They returned to the laboratory for visit 4 3-5 days after visit 3 to complete the testing battery. Following the testing, the participants performed a downhill run on the treadmill at -15% grade and approximately 70% of their speed at VO2peak and repeated the testing battery upon completion. Participants were asked to track their food intake. Visits 5, 6, and 7 took place 24, 48, and 72 h following the downhill running protocol, respectively, and consisted of the same testing battery used during visit 4. The detection of differences was performed using two-way (group x time) mixed factorial ANOVA with repeated measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No group x time interactions were noted for running economy or any of the dependent variables. Main effects of time were found for muscle thickness (<i>p</i><.001) with small effect sizes (d=-0.194 to d=-0.265), pain pressure threshold (<i>p</i>=.002) with medium effect sizes (<i>d</i>=.460 to <i>d</i>=.461), NPRS scale (<i>p</i><.001) with large effect sizes (d = -0.776 to d=-1.520), and jump height (<i>p</i><.002) with small to medium effect sizes (<i>d</i>=.304 to <i>d</i>=.438). Nutritional analysis compared the two groups revealed no difference (<i>p</i>>.05) between relative intake of macronutrients and that both exceeded typical recommendations for protein (vegan group - 1.4 g/kg, omnivore group - 1.6 g/kg).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The lack of differences in recovery between the groups suggests that nutritional adequacy may play a role in recovery. Recovery from downhill running might be influenced by several factors beyond diet, such as exercise protocol intensity, individual fitness levels, and age.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"235-244"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}