Journal of the American Nutrition Association最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Probiotics Supplementation on Clinical, Humanistic, and Safety Outcomes in Patients With Tuberculosis: A Prospective Cohort Study in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in South India.","authors":"Tejaswini Baral, Varun Kumar Sudha Gururaj, Mohan K Manu, Chandrashekar Udyavara Kudru, Jitendra Singh, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Mahadev Rao, Kavitha Saravu, Sonal Sekhar Miraj","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2531086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2531086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation on multiple dimensions of tuberculosis (TB) care, including clinical, humanistic, and safety outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study is a prospective cohort study. Data were collected for TB treatment outcome, hematologic inflammatory indices, anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT)-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-level questionnaire to evaluate the effect of probiotics supplementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all, 177 patients with drug-sensitive pulmonary TB were enrolled. TB treatment success rates in the study group (SG) and the reference group (RG) were 85.1% and 84.6%, respectively (<i>p</i> = 1.000). Among hematologic inflammatory indices, only the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) showed a statistically significant reduction after probiotic supplementation (<i>p</i> = 0.048). No significant changes were observed in HRQoL scores at various time points. ATT-induced ADRs were significantly lower in the SG than the RG (14.8% vs 61.3%; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Probiotic supplementation did not significantly influence TB treatment success or HRQoL outcomes. However, it showed a favorable impact on systemic inflammation and a significant reduction in the incidence of ATT-induced ADRs, especially gastrointestinal side effects. These findings suggest a potential role for probiotics as a supportive adjunct to ameliorate ATT-induced ADRs. Future studies should focus on assessing long-term supplementation effects to investigate humanistic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Germinated and Extruded Sorghum Beverage Presented Good Sensorial Acceptance and Improves Insulin and Satiety in Normoglycemic Adults: An Acute Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.","authors":"Lucimar Aguiar da Silva, Vinícius Parzanini Brilhante de São José, Adriane Moreira Machado, Pietra Vidal Cardoso do Prado, Marcela Benevenuto Ferreira, Haira Guedes Lúcio, Renata Celi Lopes Toledo, Flávia Galvão Cândido, Joseph Francis Pierre, Carlos Wanderlei Piler de Carvalho, Valéria Aparecida Vieira Queiroz, Bárbara Pereira da Silva, Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2539424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2539424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the sensorial acceptance of sorghum beverage and its acute effect on the glycemic and insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses, food consumption, and subjective appetite and satiety sensations in normoglycemic adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sorghum flour was characterized, followed by the development of the beverages and sensory analysis with 60 adults. Subsequently, an acute trial was conducted with 14 normoglycemic individuals, where capillary and venous blood were collected at different time points to assess glycemic, insulinemic and satiety responses. Glycemic index of the beverages, food intake, and subjective appetite sensations were also evaluated. The study was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (register number: RBR-32v2gm5).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The germinated and extruded BRS305 whole sorghum flour presented resistant starch, condensed tannins, and phenolic compounds, which promote important antioxidant activity. Among the developed sorghum beverages, the strawberry-flavored was the most well sensorially accepted and, therefore, selected for an acute clinical study. The sorghum beverage increased GLP-1 and decreased the incremental area under the curve of insulin and the feeling of \"hunger\" by maintaining the glycemic and improving insulin response in the normoglycemic adults relative to the control beverage. The subjective sensations of \"satisfaction\" and \"fullness\" and the composite satiety score were higher at all points of time for the sorghum beverage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Germinated and extruded sorghum beverage presented good nutritional and sensory quality, and its acute consumption improved postprandial insulin and GLP-1 responses, enhanced satiety in normoglycemic adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Choline Intake and Chronic Kidney Disease: Evidence from NHANES 2005 to 2020.","authors":"Qinke Lv, Chun Yao, Jian Zhong","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2532079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2532079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent condition with substantial morbidity and mortality, and dietary and nutritional factors often play a key role in its progression. Choline, an essential nutrient, has been linked to various health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the association between dietary choline intake and CKD remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005 to 2020, this study aimed to investigate the association between dietary choline intake and CKD among 29,094 participants. Dietary choline intake was assessed through two 24-hour recall interviews, and CKD was defined according to the 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guidelines. To analyze the relationship between choline intake and CKD, weighted binary logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that a higher dietary choline intake was inversely associated with the risk of CKD (odds ratio [OR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.93; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Participants in the highest quartile of choline intake had a significantly lower risk of CKD than those in the lowest quartile (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.98; <i>p <</i> 0.001). RCS analysis revealed a linear relationship between dietary choline intake and the risk of CKD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides evidence of an inverse relationship between dietary choline intake and CKD risk, suggesting a potential protective role of choline in the prevention and management of CKD. Further longitudinal and molecular studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ursolic Acid Reduces Parasite Burden Through Th-1 Mediated Immunomodulation in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis.","authors":"Supriya Mandal, Aishi Biswas, Utpal Bakshi, Madhusri Pramanik, Md Sabir Ali, Subrata Majumdar, Santanu Kar Mahapatra, Junaid Jibran Jawed","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2536301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2536301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Trypanosomatidae covers major pathogens of human host including the deadly <i>Leishmania donovani</i> parasite causing visceral leishmaniasis. This study aims to find the commonly expressed proteins among the different trypanosomatidae parasites having therapeutic efficacies and to elucidate the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring dietary compound Ursolic acid (UA) against the common targets and to understand its immunomodulatory effect in terms of <i>L. donovani</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>In- silico</i> methods were applied to identify the non-human, commonly expressed protein with high therapeutic efficacies among the five major pathogen of Trypanosomatidae including <i>L. donovani, L. infantum, L. major, Trypanosoma cruzi, and T. brucei</i>. The affinity between the target proteins and UA was investigated through molecular docking. Immunomodulatory and antileishmanial efficacy of UA was studied using different <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study identified 13 commonly expressed proteins with therapeutic efficacies across five different trypanosomatidae parasites. Docking analysis revealed that UA had a substantial binding affinity toward potential therapeutic targets of <i>L. donovani</i>. UA was found to be highly effective in killing promastigotes and amastigotes in infected macrophages <i>in vitro</i>. In <i>L. donovani</i>-infected macrophages, UA efficiently increased NO production, which is accompanied by the elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α) and the downregulation of IL-10 and TGF-β. During <i>in vivo</i> study in infected BALB/c mice, UA shows enhanced T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression in splenocytes with subsequent decrease in hepato-splenic parasite burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The widespread occurrence of UA in common fruits and herbs used in daily life contributes to its potential dietary intake and associated health benefits. Our study further highlighted the immunomodulatory role of UA, potentially influencing both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Overall, the study identified the significant drug targets among the family of trypanosomatidae parasites and demonstrated UA's possible effectiveness against <i>L. donovani</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Hesperidin, Diosmin and Proanthocyanidins Nutritional Supplementation on Cognitive and Motor Functions in Older Adults: A Pilot Randomized Control Study.","authors":"Silvia Giovannini, Alessandra Lauria, Anna Maria Malizia, Elisabetta Lama, Nadia Morciano, Lorenzo Biscotti, Claudia Loreti, Letizia Castelli","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2526600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2526600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frailty, falls, and disability are related to aging, which involves a decline in biological function. Proper nutrition can reduce frailty. When consumed in significant quantities, phytochemical compounds carry out a variety of biological tasks. Altermor^®, a nutritional supplement containing hesperidin, diosmin and proanthocyanidins, optimizes blood microcirculation. The purpose of the study is to evaluate improvements in cognitive function, balance, fatigue, and some aspects of quality of life by introducing supplementation with Altemor^® in the elderly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a randomized, crossover-controlled pilot study. Thirty-six elderly patients were randomized into three groups: G-ALT12, G-ALT21, and G-CON. G-ALT12 patients took 1 stick/day of Altemor^® for 8 wk, did 4 wk of wash-out, and then took 2 sticks/day of Altemor^® for another 8 wk; G-Alt21 patients took 2 sticks/day of Altemor^® for 8 wk, did 4 wk of wash-out, and then took 1 stick/day of Altemor^® for another 8 wk. G-CON patients took any supplements beyond their daily routine. All patients were assessed at baseline, after 8 wk, after 12 wk, and after 20 wk for cognitive and motor performance, mood, fatigue, and quality of life. After 1 week and 13 wk, patients were evaluated for attention only.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both experimental groups showed statistically significant differences from the control group in cognitive function, particularly attention, and fall risk. No domains showed statistically significant differences between the two experimental groups. No significant differences were found in any domain when comparing the two experimental doses (1 stick/day vs. 2 sticks/day).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the older adults, dietary supplementation with hesperidin, diosmin and proanthocyanidins showed a positive effect on improving cognitive functions (attention, learning, memory) as well as significantly reducing the risk of falling. In the future, the use of Altermor^® should be studied in moderate cognitive impairment and other cognitive disorders.</p><p><p>Trial registration. NCT06352099.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potentials of Phytochemicals in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Results from Animal Model Interventional Studies.","authors":"Mihad Omer, Omer I Omer, Mohammed Ali, Ibrahim O Mohamed","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2532078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2532078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of phytochemicals as a dietary therapy for colitis has not yet gained sufficient momentum to be widely adopted as a validated therapeutic approach, primarily due to a lack of robust scientific evidence supporting their efficacy. This review aims to investigate, discuss, and evaluate interventional studies conducted on animal models that utilize phytochemicals as a therapeutic intervention for colitis. By doing so, it seeks to enhance our understanding of their mechanisms of action and contribute to the growing body of scientific knowledge, ultimately aiding in the formulation of evidence-based nutritional guidelines for patients with colitis. An extensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Web of Science, with a particular focus on the most recent studies published between 2020 and 2024. The search prioritized <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies on animal models that explore the mechanisms through which dietary interventions employing phytochemicals alleviate colitis. The findings reveal that various categories of phytochemicals in general and the sub polyphenols category are effective in mitigating colitis through multiple pathways. Notably, studies investigating combinations of phytochemicals have demonstrated greater therapeutic potential, suggesting possible synergistic effects. However, further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying these synergistic interactions. While the majority of interventional studies have utilized animal models, there is a critical need for human clinical trials to validate these findings. Such studies are essential to support the development of reliable nutritional guidelines and to translate preclinical findings into practical dietary recommendations for patients with colitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets With Mortality Among Individuals With Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yuyao Deng, Shuzhen Li, Lushuang Yang, Xintong Zhu, Qiaoling Luo, Lijie Fan, Zhilei Shan, Jiawei Yin","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2524531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2524531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and low-fat diets (LFDs) have shown short-term metabolic improvements. However, the associations of different types of LCDs and LFDs with mortality among individuals with hypertension remain unclear when considering the quality of macronutrients and food sources.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The prospective cohort study included 16,379 adults (≥20 years) with hypertension from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2016 in the United States. Data with at least one dietary recall were utilized to construct overall, healthy, and unhealthy LCD and LFD scores. Mortality outcomes were linked to National Death Index mortality data until December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated healthy LCD scores were associated with favorable levels of blood triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure, while increased healthy LFD scores were linked to reduced levels of blood insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure at baseline (all <i>p_trend</i> < 0.05). During 167,213 person-years of follow-up, a total of 5010 deaths occurred. The multivariable-adjusted HRs of all-cause mortality for per 25-percentile increment in dietary scores were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.87-0.95; <i>p_trend</i> < 0.05) for healthy LCD scores, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91-0.98; <i>p_trend</i> < 0.05) for healthy LFD scores, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.95-1.03; <i>p_trend</i> = 0.71) for unhealthy LCD scores, and 1.06 (95% CI, 1.02-1.10; <i>p_trend</i> < 0.05) for unhealthy LFD scores. Isocalorically replacing 5% energy of low-quality carbohydrate or saturated fat with high-quality carbohydrate, plant protein, or unsaturated fat was associated with a 9% to 45% reduced risk of all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among individuals with hypertension, healthy LCDs and LFDs are significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, whereas unhealthy LFDs scores are notably associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Low Circulating Omentin-1, Vitamin D, Antioxidants, and Trace Elements Imbalances in Women with Subclinical Hypothyroidism.","authors":"Chiman H Sulaiman, Lina Y Mohammed, Mohammed A Hami","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2528243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2528243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Omentin-1, a novel adipokine with anti-inflammatory properties, may have a role in the pathophysiology of Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCHT). However, its association with antioxidants, vitamin D, and trace elements imbalances in SCHT remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the association between low circulating Omentin-1 with vitamin D, antioxidants, and trace elements imbalances in women with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroid females aged 18-50 years and 40 healthy females matched in age with cases are enrolled in the current study. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and Vitamin D were measured using electrochemiluminescence assay. Serum iron (Fe) is analyzed by a photometric measuring unit. Serum zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu) were quantified using a colorimetric assay. Serum glutathione-s-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were examined by spectrophotometer. Omentin-1 is analyzed by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Omentin-1 levels are markedly reduced in women with SCHT compared with healthy controls. Moreover, there is a substantial decrease in Serum Zn, Mg, SOD, GST, and vitamin D and a significant increase in Cu/Zn and Cu/Mg ratios among SCHT group. Omentin-1 had a substantial positive correlation with CAT, SOD, and Vitamin D, however a significant negative link was observed between omentin-1 and TSH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study concluded that women with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism demonstrate significant changes in omentin-1, antioxidant enzymes, trace elements, and their ratios. Furthermore, low circulating omenin-1 in women with newly diagnosed SCHT is correlated with deficiencies in vitamin D, antioxidant enzymes, and trace elements imbalances.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of a Whole Plant Foods Diet in Breast Cancer Prevention and Survival.","authors":"Mariana Del Carmen Fernández-Fígares Jiménez","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2442631","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2442631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity among women worldwide. Epidemiologic evidence shows that the risk of BC and other chronic diseases decreases as the proportion of whole plant foods increases, while the proportion of animal foods (fish, meat, poultry, eggs, seafood, and dairy products) and non-whole plant foods (e.g., refined grains, added sugars, French fries) in the diet decreases. Whole plant foods include fruits, vegetables, roots, tubers, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds from which no edible part has been removed and to which no non-whole food been added. A whole plant foods diet lowers insulin resistance, inflammation, excess body fat, cholesterol, and insulin-like growth factor 1 and sex hormone bioavailability; it also increases estrogen excretion, induces favorable changes in the gut microbiota, and may also favorably affect mammary microbiota composition and decrease the risk of early menarche, all contributing to reduced BC incidence, recurrence, and mortality. This review explores the connection between a whole plant foods diet and BC risk and mortality as well as the potential mechanisms involved. Additionally, this diet is compared with other dietary approaches recommended for BC. A whole plant foods diet seems the optimal dietary pattern for BC and overall disease prevention as it exclusively consists of whole plant foods which, based on existing evidence, lead to the best health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"422-438"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Mediterranean Diets on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Disease in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Adrian V Hernandez, Katherine M Marti, Kristen E Marti, Nissen Weisman, Michelle Cardona, Domenic M Biello, Vinay Pasupuleti, Vicente A Benites-Zapata, Yuani M Roman, Alejandro Piscoya","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2440051","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2440051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We systematically evaluated effects of Mediterranean diets (MED) on cardiovascular (CV) disease and risk factors in overweight or obese adults. Five engines and two registries were searched until October 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating any type of MED compared to other diets or advice in adults. Outcomes of interest were clinical outcomes and CV risk factors (anthropometric, lipids, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, liver function). Inverse variance random effects models were used for meta-analyses; effects of MED were described as mean differences (MDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Quality of evidence (QoE) per outcome was evaluated using GRADE methodology. Twenty-six RCTs (<i>n</i> = 10,352) were included. Four RCTs evaluated only obese patients and 22 evaluated overweight and obese patients. Clinical outcomes were only described in the revised 2018 PREDIMED trial where MED was associated with 35% lower risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or CV death vs advice (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.85). MED significantly reduced the values of body mass index (MD, -0.61 kg/m²; 95% CI, -1.14 to -0.09; 17 RCTs), waist circumference (MD, -2.48 cm; 95% CI, -3.99 to -0.96; 17 RCTs), triglycerides (MD, -7.93 mg/dL; 95% CI, -13.48 to -2.39; 19 RCTs), and fatty liver index (MD, -12.26; 95% CI, -23.96 to -0.56; 3 RCTs) compared with controls. MED did not significantly change any other CV risk factors. QoE was very low for most of the outcomes; 85% of RCTs had some concerns or high risk of bias. In overweight or obese adults, MED significantly decreased body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, and fatty liver index score but no other CV risk factors when compared with other diets or advice. There was paucity of data on effects of MED on clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"387-404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}