Journal of the American Nutrition Association最新文献

{"title":"A Whole Plant-Foods Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity: From Empirical Evidence to Potential Mechanisms.","authors":"Mariana Del Carmen Fernández-Fígares Jiménez","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2406887","DOIUrl":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2406887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excess body adiposity, referred to as overweight and obesity, represents a major health concern given that it increases the risk of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Body weight reduction can be achieved via a wide variety of dietary strategies as long as an energy deficit is achieved. However, the effect of such diets on disease risk and mortality will depend on the foods included. Increasing evidence shows that consumption of whole plant foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes) in place of animal foods (e.g., meat, poultry, dairy, fish, eggs, and seafood and their derivatives) and non-whole plant foods (e.g., refined grains, French fries, sugar-sweetened beverages) is associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors and lower risk of chronic diseases and mortality. This review focuses on the effect of a whole plant-foods diet on overweight and obesity from observational to clinical studies and discusses the potential mechanisms involved. According to existing evidence, a whole plant foods diet seems to be more advantageous than other dietary approaches for the prevention and treatment of excess adiposity given that it is composed of the foods that lead to the best health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"137-155"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Balance Score Associated with Osteoporosis in Younger Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 and 2017-2018 Data.","authors":"Teng-di Fan, Di-Kai Bei, Qi Wang","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2436515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2436515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the association between oxidative balance score (OBS) and osteoporosis risk, as well as to identify the specific population group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we included the data of 5,413 participants using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2013-2014 and 2017-2018. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves, logistic regression models, trend tests, and stratification analyses were used to evaluate the association between the OBS and osteoporosis risk. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to identify independent factors related to OBS. Finally, whether OBS played a mediating role in osteoporosis was evaluated using a mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with osteoporosis had a lower OBS, and a high OBS score was associated with a decreased risk of osteoporosis (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Further stratification analysis revealed that the relationship between OBS and osteoporosis was robust in the three models in female patients aged < 70 years, which was validated using a trend test (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Age and sex were independent predictors of osteoporosis and the OBS. The OBS was a mediator in the association between sex, but not age, and disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate a negative relationship between OBS and osteoporosis risk, which was pronounced in younger women and individuals aged < 70 years. Moreover, sex may be related to osteoporosis through the regulation of OBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Longitudinal Effect of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Korean Adults: Results From the Health Examinees Study.","authors":"Hyein Jung, Yoonjoo Choi, Byungmi Kim","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2449024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2449024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>High consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality; however, the data and results for Asian populations, particularly in Korea, are limited and unclear. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the association between types of SSB consumption and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in South Korean adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included Korean adults aged 40 to 79 who participated in the Health Examinees Study. The baseline survey was conducted from 2004 to 2013, and death data were obtained until December 2022. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess SSB intake, and all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality were estimated. The SSB included total SSB, soda, and other drinks (Korean traditional SSB).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 126,856 participants were included (mean [standard deviation]: age, 53.1 [8.3] years; 82,311 [64.9%] women). During a mean follow-up of 11.0 years, 5741 all-cause, 936 CVD, and 2662 cancer deaths were recorded. Increased soda consumption was associated with higher all-cause mortality (1-3 servings/wk: hazard ratio [HR], 1.125; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.003-2.263; ≥3 servings/wk: HR, 1.190, 95% CI, 1.011-1.401), compared with low soda intake (never-<1 serving/wk). However, there was no association between total SSB consumption and other drinks with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. In the dose-response analysis, a trend in which a higher risk of all-cause and CVD cancers was observed with increasing soda intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this large prospective study, soda intake of >1 serving/wk was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality among Korean adults. However, there was no association between total SSB or other drinks and mortality. As the consumption of SSBs increases in the Korean population, appropriate control strategies are needed to reduce SSB consumption and the disease burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Status and Hypertension: The Impact of Insulin Resistance-Related Indices on Blood Pressure Regulation and Hypertension Risk.","authors":"Xinying Hu, Peng Han, Yong Liu","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2025.2450711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2025.2450711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes is closely related to hypertension, and insulin resistance-related indices are novel metrics used to evaluate the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to explore the relationships between the TyG index, METS-IR, TG/HDL-C, and HOMA-IR with hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the NHANES spanning ten consecutive survey cycles from 1998 to 2018 were utilized, focusing on adults with complete blood pressure data and comprehensive information for calculating the TyG index, METS-IR, TG/HDL-C, and HOMA-IR. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to examine the relationship between insulin resistance indices and hypertension as well as blood pressure levels, while subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential influencing factors. RCS curves were used to describe both linear and non-linear relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This NHANES-based study included 16,062 adults. Regardless of the adjustment for covariates, significant associations were found between the TyG index, METS-IR, TG/HDL-C, HOMA-IR and hypertension risk. The ROC curve demonstrated the stability of the TyG index, METS-IR, TG/HDL-C, and HOMA-IR in predicting hypertension risk. The RCS curves uncovered a linear relationship between the TyG index, METS-IR, and hypertension, whereas TG/HDL-C and HOMA-IR exhibited a non-linear association with hypertension. Subgroup analyses indicated that smoking and diabetes may influence the relationship between insulin resistance-related indices and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated levels of the insulin resistance indices TyG index, METS-IR, TG/HDL-C, and HOMA-IR are closely associated with hypertension risk. These indices can serve as effective markers for monitoring hypertension risk in clinical practice. However, larger-scale prospective cohort studies are needed to validate these findings and further explore the clinical application potential of the TyG index, METS-IR, TG/HDL-C, and HOMA-IR as tools for cardiovascular risk assessment. Such studies will help elucidate the specific causal relationships between these insulin resistance-related indices and hypertension and advance their practical application in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Mediterranean Diets on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Disease in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Adrian V Hernandez, Katherine M Marti, Kristen E Marti, Nissen Weisman, Michelle Cardona, Domenic M Biello, Vinay Pasupuleti, Vicente A Benites-Zapata, Yuani M Roman, Alejandro Piscoya","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2440051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2440051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We systematically evaluated effects of Mediterranean diets (MED) on cardiovascular (CV) disease and risk factors in overweight or obese adults. Five engines and two registries were searched until October 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating any type of MED compared to other diets or advice in adults. Outcomes of interest were clinical outcomes and CV risk factors (anthropometric, lipids, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, liver function). Inverse variance random effects models were used for meta-analyses; effects of MED were described as mean differences (MDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Quality of evidence (QoE) per outcome was evaluated using GRADE methodology. Twenty-six RCTs (<i>n</i> = 10,352) were included. Four RCTs evaluated only obese patients and 22 evaluated overweight and obese patients. Clinical outcomes were only described in the revised 2018 PREDIMED trial where MED was associated with 35% lower risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or CV death vs advice (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.85). MED significantly reduced the values of body mass index (MD, -0.61 kg/m²; 95% CI, -1.14 to -0.09; 17 RCTs), waist circumference (MD, -2.48 cm; 95% CI, -3.99 to -0.96; 17 RCTs), triglycerides (MD, -7.93 mg/dL; 95% CI, -13.48 to -2.39; 19 RCTs), and fatty liver index (MD, -12.26; 95% CI, -23.96 to -0.56; 3 RCTs) compared with controls. MED did not significantly change any other CV risk factors. QoE was very low for most of the outcomes; 85% of RCTs had some concerns or high risk of bias. In overweight or obese adults, MED significantly decreased body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, and fatty liver index score but no other CV risk factors when compared with other diets or advice. There was paucity of data on effects of MED on clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of a Whole Plant Foods Diet in Breast Cancer Prevention and Survival.","authors":"Mariana Del Carmen Fernández-Fígares Jiménez","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2442631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2442631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity among women worldwide. Epidemiologic evidence shows that the risk of BC and other chronic diseases decreases as the proportion of whole plant foods increases, while the proportion of animal foods (fish, meat, poultry, eggs, seafood, and dairy products) and non-whole plant foods (e.g., refined grains, added sugars, French fries) in the diet decreases. Whole plant foods include fruits, vegetables, roots, tubers, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds from which no edible part has been removed and to which no non-whole food been added. A whole plant foods diet lowers insulin resistance, inflammation, excess body fat, cholesterol, and insulin-like growth factor 1 and sex hormone bioavailability; it also increases estrogen excretion, induces favorable changes in the gut microbiota, and may also favorably affect mammary microbiota composition and decrease the risk of early menarche, all contributing to reduced BC incidence, recurrence, and mortality. This review explores the connection between a whole plant foods diet and BC risk and mortality as well as the potential mechanisms involved. Additionally, this diet is compared with other dietary approaches recommended for BC. A whole plant foods diet seems the optimal dietary pattern for BC and overall disease prevention as it exclusively consists of whole plant foods which, based on existing evidence, lead to the best health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could New Palm-Free Structured Lipids Mitigate Postprandial Hyperlipidemia and Inflammation Induced by High-Fat Meals in Swiss Mice?","authors":"Alice da Silva Malveira, Vanessa Alves, Gabriela de Matuoka E Chiocchetti, Alessandra Gambero, Amanda Rejane Alves de Ávila, Guilherme de Figueiredo Furtado, Juliana Alves Macedo, Valdecir Luccas, Gabriela Alves Macedo","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2449524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2449524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A high-fat meal can cause postprandial hyperlipemia, initiating an acute inflammatory response. New structured lipids (SLs) free from trans and palm fatty acids are emerging as food structurants.</p><p><p><b>Objective:</b> We evaluated the postprandial response and inflammatory profiles in Swiss mice after oral administration of SLs in high-fat meals.</p><p><p><b>Methods:</b> SLs with different contents of long-chain saturated fatty acids were synthesized through an interesterification process involving soybean, peanut oils and crambe hard fat.</p><p><p><b>Results:</b> SLs containing 23.79% (SL1), 32.01% (SL2), and 43.87% (SL3) of total saturated fatty acids reduced the absorption of serum triglycerides and appeared to mitigate postprandial inflammation by interleukin-6. A faster gastric emptying rate after consuming SL3 was corroborated by the fecal presence of behenic acid.</p><p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our results suggest that SLs, free from palm and trans fats, may have the potential to mitigate inflammation, reduce the postprandial response, and lower absorption upon acute consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Obesogenic and Antioxidant Potential of Lychee Seed Flour in Zebrafish Fed a High-Fat Diet.","authors":"João Paulo Lima de Oliveira, William Franco Carneiro, Kiara Cândido Duarte da Silva, Moises Silvestre de Azevedo Martins, Gilson Gustavo Lucinda Machado, Leonardo Abrahão Nogueira, Mary Suzan Varaschin, Eduardo Valério de Barros Vilas Boas, Luis David Solis Murgas, Elisângela Elena Nunes Carvalho","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2446285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2446285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Obesity has become one of the major public health issues and is associated with various comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Lychee seeds are considered promising ingredients for developing functional foods owing to their nutraceutical properties and phytochemical composition. This study aimed to induce obesity in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) through a hyperlipidic diet supplemented with different concentrations of lychee seed flour and to evaluate its effects on adipose tissue, biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and caudal fin regeneration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 200 adult zebrafish were u anded and divided into five experimental groups: control, hyperlipidic diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with 2%, 4%, and 6% lychee seed flour. After 12 wk of feeding, biochemical parameters (glycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-HDL, aspartate aminotransferase-AST, alanine aminotransferase-ALT, and cortisol) and oxidative stress biomarkers, such as Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), Glutathione (GSH), and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the HFD4% group exhibited a significant reduction in the diameter of visceral adipocytes compared with the control, HFD, and HFD2% groups. There was a higher prevalence of severe steatosis in the control and HFD groups and mild steatosis in the HFD6% group. The HFD4% and HFD6% groups had the lowest glycemic levels, whereas the HFD6% group had the highest HDL levels. Supplementation with lychee seed flour also positively modulated oxidative stress biomarkers, with increased CAT and GST activity in the HFD6% group and reduced ROS in the HFD4% and HFD6% groups compared with the HFD group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was concluded that adding 4 to 6% lychee seed flour may have beneficial effects on biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers in HFD-fed zebrafish. The results indicate that lychee seed flour shows promise for use in foods and supplements targeting obesity prevention and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creatine Intake Is Not Associated With Elevated Circulating Cystatin C Levels in Individuals With and Without Kidney Dysfunction in the General Population.","authors":"David Nedeljkovic, Sonja Baltic, Nikola Todorovic, Sergej M Ostojic","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2432484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2432484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The potential adverse effects of dietary creatine on kidney health are rarely addressed at the population level, particularly in individuals with preexisting kidney disease. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary creatine intake and serum cystatin C levels in participants with and without kidney failure, utilizing data from the 1999-2001 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) round.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 4969 individuals (50.0% female; mean age 51.2 ± 23.9 years) who provided information on dietary creatine intake and had serum cystatin C levels measured were included in the final analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear regression across the entire sample revealed a significant inverse association between daily creatine intake and cystatin C concentrations (unstandardized <i>B</i> = -0.003; ß = -0.067; <i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating that for each additional milligram of creatine intake, the expected reduction in cystatin C levels was 0.003 mg/dL. In a subsample of respondents with kidney dysfunction, a significant negative association was found between creatine intake and cystatin C levels (unstandardized <i>B</i> = -0.024; ß = -0.165; <i>p</i> = 0.046).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that food-derived creatine does not pose a risk of kidney stress, even for individuals with kidney failure, and might be considered a renoprotective nutrient.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Daily Walnut Consumption on Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Mixed-Method Study in Healthy Adults.","authors":"Yi-Mei Chen, Shu-Yu Chuang, Chih-Yung Tsai","doi":"10.1080/27697061.2024.2431287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2431287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Common gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as abdominal pain, indigestion, and constipation affect a significant portion of the global population and can substantially impair quality of life. Despite these widespread issues, research specifically investigating the effects of walnuts on gut function and GI symptoms remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the effects of walnuts on gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>An experimental baseline-end study with an equivalent group design was employed.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The experimental group consumed 42 grams of walnuts daily, and their gastrointestinal symptoms were compared with those of a control group that did not consume walnuts over a 3-week period.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Sixty university students were recruited as volunteer subjects, consisting of 30 males and 30 females.</p><p><strong>Intervention(s): </strong>Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>The independent variable was walnut consumption, and the dependent variable was gastrointestinal health, assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and a qualitative questionnaire to collect participants' perceived changes in GI symptoms.</p><p><strong>Analysis: </strong>A <i>t</i>-test with a <i>p</i>-value of less than 0.05 and verbatim analysis were utilized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This mixed-methods study provides evidence for the beneficial effects of walnuts in promoting normal digestive function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications: </strong>The study provides alternative evidence for the beneficial effects of walnuts in promoting normal digestive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":29768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}