American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Estimating the Stature of an Ancient North Andean Population From Articular Breadths and Diaphyseal Diameters: An Extension of Anzellini and Toyne (2020)\u0000 Aproximando la Estatura de Poblaciones Norandinas Antiguas Utilizando Medidas de lo Ancho de Articulaciones y Los Diámetros de la Diáfisis: Una Extension de Anzellini y Toyne (2020)","authors":"Armando Anzellini,&nbsp;J. Marla Toyne","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70310","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70310","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stature estimation of skeletal remains is mostly dependent on the lengths of long bones, but these are often unavailable in fragmented or commingled assemblages. To overcome this obstacle, we present an extension of the unisex stature estimation models for high-altitude Andean populations presented by Anzellini and Toyne (2020) using femoral and tibial articular breadths and diaphyseal diameters. We estimated the anatomical statures of 28 adults, both males and females, from Kuelap, Peru, and created linear regression formulae using Ridge regression with k-fold cross-validation. Thirty models were generated, with over half achieving standard error values below ±4 cm and tibial multivariable models approaching the precision of length-based estimates. These results demonstrate that epiphyseal breadths and midshaft diameters offer reliable alternatives for stature estimation when complete elements are unavailable, expanding options for analyses and providing valuable information that may otherwise go ignored.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Revision of the Late Miocene Cercopithecid Monkeys From the Lemudong'o Formation, Kenya.","authors":"Julia L Arenson, Christopher C Gilbert, Deming Yang, Stanley H Ambrose, Rahab N Kinyanjui, Fredrick K Manthi, Erin N DiMaggio, Ashley S Hammond","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70317","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The late Miocene Lemudong'o Formation in southwestern Kenya (6.2-6.0 Ma) samples an important period in Africa when early representatives of modern catarrhine clades (Hominidae and Cercopithecidae) appear. Fossils collected from this formation before 2007 include three species of colobine monkey. However, several new fossils have been recovered, including a partial cranium, calling for a reassessment of Lemudong'o Formation cercopithecid taxonomy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study describes 79 new cercopithecid specimens from collection years 2007-2016 and 2019-2024. These specimens, together with previously published material from the Lemudong'o Formation, are compared to fossil cercopithecids from other contemporaneous sites in Africa as well as a sample of extant cercopithecids.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>New material supports the presence of the three previously identified colobine taxa and identifies a novel fourth colobine species. The novel colobine species is described as Olotimcolobus narokensis gen. et sp. nov., and the previously recognized small indeterminate colobine is here named Lemucolobus orkimusei gen. et sp. nov. Existing hypodigms are refined in light of this new taxonomy. A papionin is also identified from this formation for the first time, adding to the scant late Miocene cercopithecine record.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The Lemudong'o Formation is remarkable for its high cercopithecid diversity in the Late Miocene. The predominance of colobines here and at other contemporaneous sites (e.g., Lukeino, Lothagam, Nakali, Toros Menalla) suggests that colobines were more diverse than cercopithecines through the early part of their radiation. Possible ecological factors are discussed in the context of early cercopithecid diversity and evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 3","pages":"e70317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13408180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148608205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing the Larval Consumption Hypothesis in Neanderthal Diet: A Quantitative and Multi-Proxy Evaluation.","authors":"José Luis Guil-Guerrero","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70316","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent enrichment of Neanderthal collagen δ¹⁵N relative to local herbivore baselines has long stimulated debate regarding Neanderthal trophic ecology. A recent proposal suggests that the consumption of fly larvae from decomposing carcasses may have contributed to this enrichment. Here, this hypothesis is evaluated using a quantitative isotopic mixing model that integrates Middle Paleolithic herbivore baselines, published larval δ¹⁵N data, and multiple trophic enrichment factors. Across the modeled scenarios, larvae would need to supply substantial fractions of total dietary protein to achieve the absolute target of 14‰ observed in Neanderthal collagen. Because the modeled herbivore baselines range from 4‰ to 8‰, reaching this absolute target mathematically requires spanning an isotopic gap of +6‰ to +10‰. Consequently, the required larval contributions frequently exceed 40%, and in many baseline scenarios, exceed 100% of total protein intake. Sensitivity analyzes further show that plausible variation in herbivore baselines, larval δ¹⁵N values, or trophic enrichment factors does not modify this outcome. These results indicate that larval intake cannot independently account for Neanderthal nitrogen isotope enrichment and, at most, would represent a minor and isotopically negligible component of dietary protein. The consistent trophic enrichment of Neanderthal collagen relative to associated herbivore baselines is therefore more parsimoniously explained by high-trophic-level terrestrial carnivory, potentially amplified by environmental and ecological baseline variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 3","pages":"e70316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13376460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148472960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction and Comparative Analysis of a Large Late Pleistocene Modern Human Femur From Wajak, Indonesia.","authors":"Christopher B Ruff, Adam D Sylvester, Eduard Pop, Paul Storm, Sofwan Noerwidi, Josephine C Joordens","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70319","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>A largely undescribed Late Pleistocene Homo sapiens femur from Wajak, Java, Indonesia (minimum age, 36.5 ka) is reconstructed. In conjunction with data derived from other fossil specimens, we test whether ecogeographic rules relating body size and shape to climate apply to late Middle to Late Pleistocene East Asian Homo.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Preserved portions of the Wajak femur were micro-CT scanned and used to reconstruct the whole bone using a sample of modern human femora as a template. Body mass and stature were reconstructed from femoral head breadth and length. Similar data were derived from eight penecontemporaneous (40-28 ka) and five earlier (ca 260-112 ka) East Asian femora or tibiae, spanning a wide latitudinal range. Anthropometric data from 74 living Old World populations were also included in comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher latitude individuals are heavier and relatively wider-bodied than lower latitude individuals in both fossil groups and among modern populations. There is also a temporal decline in body mass and relative body breadth in both latitudinal zones. Stature shows much weaker associations with both climate and time period. The Wajak femur is long (468 mm) and likely male, with an estimated stature of 170.5 cm but a relatively linear body shape, consistent with these patterns.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Ecogeographic rules that relate surface area/body mass to temperature appear to apply to East Asian late Middle to Late Pleistocene Homo as well as modern humans. The temporal decline in body mass and breadth may be due to technological changes during the Late Pleistocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 3","pages":"e70319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Pressure Changes During Aging and Menopause Among Forager-Horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon.","authors":"M J Getz, T Cao, J E Aronoff, C L Jenkins, S Ghafoor, J Vazquez, N T Appel, D K Cummings, P L Hooper, B Beheim, K H Buetow, C E Finch, D Eid Rodriguez, G S Thomas, R C Thompson, J Stieglitz, M Gurven, H Kaplan, B C Trumble","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70309","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for women globally, and menopause is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. The total impact of menopause on blood pressure remains inconclusive, with evidence largely based on data from industrialized populations. To address this gap, we examined associations between menopause, blood pressure, and hypertension among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists and compared results against a nationally representative US sample to assess population-level differences in blood pressure with menopause.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed data from female and male Tsimane (n_individuals = 5,570; n_observations = 18,676; ages 15-92) and US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants (NHANES; n_individuals = 6,861; ages 16-80). We applied linear regression models to assess age and population effects on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with menopause, logistic regression models for hypertension and stage 2 hypertension, and mediation analyses with estradiol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SBP age trajectories were higher (b = 0.002, p < 0.001) and DBP trajectories lower (b = -0.004, p < 0.001) following menopause. Compared to US women, Tsimane women's SBP increased more quickly with age (b = 0.001, p = 0.021), while DBP decreased less dramatically (b = 0.003, p < 0.001). Postmenopause individuals had lower odds of hypertension with age compared to premenopausal women. Estradiol did not mediate blood pressure effects of menopause.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We found similar associations between menopause and blood pressure in both populations, despite widely differing CVD risk environments. However, Tsimane women showed slightly different pressure changes with age postmenopause. These results indicate blood pressure change postmenopause may be universal, but premenopause CVD risk environments may impact postmenopause CVD risk outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 3","pages":"e70309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Chemosteometric Regression Models of Heat Exposed Human Bones to Determine Their Pre-Burnt Metric Dimensions\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70323","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70323","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 3","pages":"e70323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Study of Elbow Ligaments in Modern Humans (Homo sapiens) and Common Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).","authors":"Josep Maria Potau, Aroa Casado, Patrícia Rodríguez, Marcel García-Cuesta, Neus Ciurana, Félix Jesús de Paz, Mercedes Barbosa, Isabel Julia San José, Roberto Cabo, Juan Francisco Pastor","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70324","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We have analyzed the elbow ligaments in humans and chimpanzees in order to identify differences that may be related to the use of the upper limbs in these two species. Specifically, we expected to find adaptations to arboreal locomotion and knuckle-walking in chimpanzees and adaptations to non-weight-bearing manual activities in humans.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We dissected seven upper limbs from extant humans and seven from common chimpanzees and performed anatomical and qualitative analyses of the elbow ligaments. Subsequently, we calculated the absolute and relative size of the mass of these ligaments in the two species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The anatomical description of the elbow ligaments was very similar in the two species. The quantitative analysis found a relatively larger anterior fascicle of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) in humans and a relatively larger lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) in chimpanzees.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The different ways humans and chimpanzees use their upper limbs could explain the quantitative differences we observed in the elbow ligaments. We can thus hypothesize that the more developed anterior fascicle of the UCL in humans may be related to a more pronounced carrying angle in the upper limb and to the valgus forces acting on the elbow during manual tasks. In contrast, the larger LUCL in chimpanzees may help stabilize the elbow during arboreal locomotion and during the support phase of knuckle-walking.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 3","pages":"e70324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13397044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Male-Male Greeting Behavior Observed in Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus griseipes) in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70298","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70298","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 3","pages":"e70298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Ethics Seems Like an Afterthought”: An Argument for Prioritizing Ethics Education in Anthropology Curricula","authors":"Malorie E. Albee,&nbsp;Emma L. Roach,&nbsp;Rachel E. Smith,&nbsp;Ryan N. Bishop","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70303","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70303","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>According to the American Association of Biological Anthropologists Code of Ethics, “departments offering anthropology degrees should include and require ethical training in their curriculums.” Ethics training is essential, but are Anthropology undergraduate and graduate programs incorporating ethics education as part of their core curriculum? Do Anthropology undergraduate and graduate students feel like they are receiving adequate education and training in ethics as part of their program curriculum?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study attempts to answer these questions by analyzing undergraduate degree requirements for Anthropology majors in the U.S. and by surveying U.S.-based Anthropology teaching faculty and undergraduate and graduate students. These surveys include questions about Anthropology curricula, program and course learning objectives, and student preparedness in facing ethical dilemmas post-graduation. In total, 142 individuals participated in the survey (94 students, 48 faculty members).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of this survey indicate that some Anthropology undergraduate and graduate programs are incorporating ethics education as part of their core curriculum, but this is not true for all programs. Unfortunately, the most frequent response was that ethics education was <i>not</i> incorporated into the core curriculum, and students, especially graduate students, do not feel that they are receiving adequate ethics education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results of this study reveal a gap between the ideal practice proposed in professional academic organizations' codes of ethics and the reality of this application, as well as a disconnect between faculty and student perceptions of the sufficiency of the ethics education being provided. Specific recommendations for filling these gaps are provided.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable Isotope Values in Human Dentine Collagen and Fingernails Reveal Age-Related and Socioeconomic Dietary Patterns in Brazil","authors":"Juliana S. Emenes,&nbsp;Murillo Q. R. Bastos,&nbsp;Rachel Tinoco,&nbsp;Ricardo O. Mascarenhas,&nbsp;Anelize Manuela Bahniuk Rumbelsperger,&nbsp;Emanuelle L. Ferreira de Lima,&nbsp;Luciano Henrique de Jesus,&nbsp;Roque Soares Martins,&nbsp;Cosmo Helder Ferreira da Silva,&nbsp;Gabriela B. Nardoto,&nbsp;Luiz A. Martinelli","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70258","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70258","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we analyzed δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values in dentine collagen (reflecting early-life diet) and fingernail keratin (reflecting recent diet) from 92 living adult individuals, having 75 individuals having paired dentine and fingernail samples available, across Brazilian regions with contrasting socioeconomic conditions. While the sample size was necessarily limited by the availability of paired tissues, it provides a unique dataset for assessing dietary change within the lifespan and its relationship to socioeconomic context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using Bayesian linear models and self-reported dietary intake questionnaires, we investigated the influence of age, geographic region, and socioeconomic status on isotopic composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found significant regional and socioeconomic effects: individuals from high-Human Development Index (HDI) municipalities and those reporting greater sugar intake had elevated δ¹³C values, while frequent fish and seafood consumption was associated with higher δ¹⁵N. Notably, δ¹⁵N in dentine collagen declined with tooth age, suggesting a historical decrease in the δ¹⁵N of food sources, likely linked to increased reliance on synthetic fertilizers and nitrogen-fixing crops.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both tissues show a consistent regional contrast: participants from the Southeast exhibit higher δ¹³C and lower δ¹⁵N than those from the Northeast, consistent with greater intake of C₄-derived, corn- and sugar-based processed foods (“supermarket diet”’) and proportionally lower trophic-level protein in the Southeast, versus lower δ¹³C in the Northeast consistent with diets centered on C₃ staples (rice, beans, manioc) and more limited access to ultra-processed foods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}