American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Correction to “Middle Pleistocene teeth from Arbreda Cave (Serinyà, northeastern Iberian Peninsula)”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lozano M, Soler J, López-Onaindia D, et al. Middle Pleistocene teeth from Arbreda Cave (Serinyà, northeastern Iberian Peninsula). <i>Am J Biol Anthropol</i>. 2024;185(4):e25037. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.25037</p><p>In the original published version of this article, affiliations 1, 3, and 6 had errors.</p><p>The correct affiliations are listed below.</p><p>Affiliation 1.</p><p>Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Tarragona, Spain.</p><p>Affiliation 3.</p><p>Institut Català de Recerca en Patrimoni Cultural (ICRPC-CERCA), Edifici Pia Almoina, Girona, Spain.</p><p>Affiliation 6.</p><p>Geociencias CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.25061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immersive Videography of Ancient DNA Extraction for Community Engagement and Educational Initiatives by the Anson Street African Burial Ground Project","authors":"Raquel E. Fleskes,&nbsp;Joanna K. Gilmore,&nbsp;La' Sheia Oubré,&nbsp;Ade A. Ofunniyin,&nbsp;Graciela S. Cabana,&nbsp;Theodore G. Schurr","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25055","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Community engagement is an increasingly important component of ancient DNA (aDNA) research, especially when it involves archeological individuals connected to contemporary descendants or other invested communities. However, effectively explaining methods to non-specialist audiences can be challenging due to the intricacies of aDNA laboratory work. To overcome this challenge, the Anson Street African Burial Ground (ASABG) Project employed a GoPro camera to visually document the process of aDNA extraction for use in community engagement and education events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A GoPro Hero 6 camera enclosed in a decontaminated underwater case was used to film multiple rounds of aDNA extractions from first- and third-person perspectives. The raw footage was edited into long (13-minute) and short (5-minute) format videos to summarize the steps of aDNA extraction for different educational aims.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The videos were used at community engagement events, as well as in classrooms and other educational venues for students of different age groups. General feedback from the community was solicited at the events. We found that the use of videographic methods increased the transparency and accessibility of the aDNA research conducted by the ASABG Project team.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Providing a visual guide to the often destructive nature of aDNA testing served as an important step in the continuing practice of informed (dynamic) consent with the descendant community. Future initiatives could expand these visualization efforts by illustrating other steps in the aDNA testing process, such as library preparation or sequencing, or incorporating approaches such as live streaming to foster trust and expand public science literacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Friendlier “Kinda” Social System: Male Kinda Baboons Invest in Long-Term Social Bonds With Females","authors":"Anna H. Weyher,&nbsp;Marley Katinta,&nbsp;Benjamin Mubemba,&nbsp;Megan Petersdorf,&nbsp;Jason M. Kamilar,&nbsp;India A. Schneider-Crease,&nbsp;Kenneth L. Chiou","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25056","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Certain group-living mammals—including many primates—exhibit affiliative relationships between sexes that persist past copulation. Relationships between females and males in baboons (<i>Papio</i> sp.) are particularly well-characterized. These relationships tend to revolve around the female reproductive cycle and are generally female-initiated and female-maintained. Kinda baboons (<i>P. kindae</i>) appear to diverge phylogenetically and behaviorally from other baboons. Here, we assess how Kinda baboons differ socially by characterizing female–male relationships using 9 years of data on a population in Kasanka National Park, Zambia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used generalized linear mixed models to assess grooming rates and directionality for individuals and among female/male dyads, patterns of between-sex proximity, and rates of agonistic behavior. We examined these patterns across female reproductive states and evaluated the degree to which dyadic affiliations persisted over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We find that female–male relationships in Kinda baboons are characterized by a high degree of male investment with low aggression that persists across female reproductive states and years. We find that females have strong affiliations with a single male while males have strong affiliations with multiple females at a time. Males are largely responsible for initiation, grooming, and proximity in affiliative relationships with females, and dyads often persist across years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that Kinda baboons represent a mosaic of baboon social features and, paired with recent genomic evidence about their population history, may resemble the ancestral baboon phenotype. This expands our understanding of the “baboon model” for comparative socioecology and emphasizes the high variability and evolvability of social phenotypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Correlations Among Dental, Mandibular, and Postcranial Dimensions in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)","authors":"Anna M. Hardin","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25059","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25059","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tooth dimensions typically scale with mandibular and postcranial size in primates, although the exact pattern of scaling varies. This study assesses whether correlations by tissue type, anatomical region, or function (mastication or intrasexual competition) are present and could therefore act as evolutionary constraints on tooth-jaw-body size relationships by estimating genetic and phenotypic correlations between dental, mandibular, and postcranial dimensions in rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The teeth, mandibles, and postcrania of 362 adults from the Cayo Santiago skeletal collection were measured. Humeral and femoral articular surfaces were selected to represent skeletal elements frequently used to reconstruct primate body size. Genetic correlations were estimated in SOLAR. Random skewers analyses were used to compare genetic and phenotypic correlation matrices to each other and to test matrices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The genetic correlation matrix was most similar to the test matrix of integration by tissue type (tooth and bone) (<i>r</i> = 0.765, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and nearly as similar to the anatomical region test matrix (<i>r</i> = 0.714, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Hierarchical clustering of the genetic correlation matrix showed similar separation by tissue type. Phenotypic correlation matrices were significantly similar to the genetic correlation matrix (<i>r</i> = 0.813–0.846, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and to most of the test matrices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Postcanine dental traits were highly heritable but were not closely genetically correlated with mandibular or postcranial dimensions. These findings indicate that scaling relationships between tooth and bone may be maintained in some populations through nongenetic, environmental factors rather than genetic constraints.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal and Adipose Manifestations of Stress in a Contemporary Pediatric Sample","authors":"Lexi O'Donnell,&nbsp;Louise Corron,&nbsp;Ethan C. Hill,&nbsp;Jordan Perez,&nbsp;Michael O'Donnell Jr,&nbsp;Bronwyn Wyatt","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25058","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adverse experiences leading to physiological disruptions (stress) in early life produce cascade effects on various biological systems, including the endocrine and metabolic systems, which, in turn, shape the developing skeletal system. To evaluate the effects of stress on adipose and skeletal tissues, we examine the relationship between skeletal indicators of stress (porotic hyperostosis [PH] and cribra orbitalia [CO]), bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral neural canal (VNC) diameters, and adipose tissue distribution in a contemporary pediatric autopsy sample.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data is from 702 (409 males, 293 females) individuals from a pediatric (0.5–20.9 years) autopsy sample from New Mexico who died between 2011 and 2022. Data includes visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in the abdomen, heart, and liver, CO/PH, VNC size of the fifth lumbar vertebra, and BMD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We find that adipose tissue distribution and location are differentially associated with CO/PH, BMD, and VNC size; VNC size is smaller, and liver adiposity is higher in those with CO/PH. Further, increased VAT and small VNC size are associated with PH presence and low BMD. Body mass index categories do not correspond with porous cranial lesion presence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper provides evidence for the complex relationship between skeletal markers of early-life stress (CO/PH, reduced VNC size, low BMD) and endocrine system function. VAT distribution and VNC size are partly shaped by stressors during gestation, likely through alterations of the HPA axis. It is possible that alterations of the HPA axis due to gestational stress also shape the expression of porous cranial lesions during exposure to childhood stressors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planum Temporale Asymmetries in Primates: A Comparative Study in Great Apes and Monkeys","authors":"Angela M. Achorn,&nbsp;Michele M. Mulholland,&nbsp;Chelsea M. Cox,&nbsp;Kimberley A. Phillips,&nbsp;Allyson J. Bennett,&nbsp;Peter J. Pierre,&nbsp;Chet C. Sherwood,&nbsp;Steven J. Schapiro,&nbsp;William D. Hopkins","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25060","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most human brains exhibit left hemisphere asymmetry for planum temporale (PT) surface area and gray matter volume, which is interpreted as cerebral lateralization for language. Once considered a uniquely human feature, PT asymmetries have now been documented in chimpanzees and olive baboons. The goal of the current study was to further investigate the evolution of PT asymmetries in nonhuman primates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured PT surface area in chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>, <i>n</i> = 90), bonobos (<i>Pan paniscus</i>, <i>n</i> = 21), gorillas (<i>Gorilla gorilla</i>, <i>n</i> = 34), orangutans (<i>Pongo</i> spp., <i>n</i> = 33), olive baboons (<i>Papio anubis</i>, <i>n</i> = 105), rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>, <i>n</i> = 144), and tufted capuchins (<i>Sapajus apella</i>, <i>n</i> = 29) from magnetic resonance imaging scans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings reveal significant leftward biases in PT surface area among chimpanzees, gorillas, olive baboons, rhesus macaques, and capuchins. We did not find significant population-level asymmetries among orangutans and bonobos, which could be due, in part, to small sample sizes. We also detected significant age effects for rhesus macaques only, and no significant sex effects for any species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The observation of a population-level leftward bias for PT surface area among not only hominids (chimpanzees and gorillas), but also two cercopithecoids (olive baboons and rhesus macaques) and one platyrrhine (tufted capuchins) suggests that PT lateralization was likely present in some early anthropoid primate ancestors and relatives. This provides further evidence that human brains have since undergone changes to the size and connectivity of the PT in response to selection for the cognitive processes needed to support the evolution of language and speech.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-Fusion Shape Changes of Humeral Metaphyseal Surfaces: A New Method for Assessing Maturity and Age in Non-Adult Skeletal Individuals","authors":"Azahara Salazar-Fernández,&nbsp;José Miguel Carretero,&nbsp;Yuliet Quintino,&nbsp;Katerina Harvati,&nbsp;Laura Rodríguez,&nbsp;Rebeca García-González","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current research delves into the use of 3D geometric morphometric for assessing shifts in maturity within both the proximal and distal humeral metaphyses. It mainly focuses on establishing correlations between these shifts and the shape changes observed in the corresponding epiphyses established through radiographic imaging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The total sample comprises 120 right-side proximal humeral metaphyses and 91 right-side distal humeral metaphyses. The entire sample was categorized into four maturity groups for the humeral distal metaphysis and five maturity groups for the humeral proximal metaphysis based on the appearance and subsequent changes in shape and size. All humeri were scanned using 3D surface scanning devices. Two different 3D template configurations were created to capture the shape changes during the development of the proximal and distal metaphyses. We conducted an analysis of shape (Procrustes shape coordinates) and an analysis on the form space in order to assess both maturity changes of humeral metaphyses and their interrelationship with size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The shape changes explained by PC1 are crucial in establishing the maturational sequence in both the distal and proximal metaphyses. These shape changes reflect the appearance and subsequent changes in shape and size of their corresponding epiphyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a considerable overlap among different maturity groups related to the gradual nature of the maturational process. However, shape changes in proximal and distal humeral metaphyses are suitable to assess maturity in skeletal specimens.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-Individual Stable Isotope Variation Tracks Brazilian Contemporary Dietary and Nutritional Transition","authors":"Luciano O. Valenzuela,&nbsp;Claudia Plens,&nbsp;Felipe Otero,&nbsp;Luciano L. Loupias,&nbsp;Evelyne Pessoa Soriano,&nbsp;Marcus Vitor Diniz de Carvalho,&nbsp;Erasmo de Almeida Junior,&nbsp;Eduardo Daruge Junior,&nbsp;Luiz Francesquini Júnior,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Palhares Machado,&nbsp;Douglas H. Ubelaker","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25057","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contemporary dietary and nutritional transitions are commonplace, but difficult to study directly. In Brazil, and Latin America, this generalized process, leading to current obesity and malnutrition problems, started more than four decades ago. Although body weight and food availability are used to measure changes, not much information on food consumption and nutrition exist. Stable isotope analysis allows for the study of modern individual diets because it reflects the proportional contribution of different foods, general dietary patterns, and the effect of metabolism. Furthermore, when samples from tissues reflecting different time points are used, it allows for the assessment of individual transitions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore intra-person isotopic variation for the first time in the Southern Hemisphere for modern humans, and examine the nutritional transition reported for Brazil in the past four decades.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values from 68 ¹⁴C-dated bone samples (vertebra, occipital, parietal, femur) from 17 individuals born in 1963, from three cemeteries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data reflect chronologically ordered high intra-individual <i>δ</i>¹⁵N variation tracking the dietary and nutrition transition over the last few decades, while no relationship between <i>δ</i>¹³C values and time was found. Vertebrae, reflecting diets from the mid 2000s, showed lower <i>δ</i>¹⁵N values than other bones reflecting the mid 1980s and early 1990s.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We show how different bones capture nutritional transitions over the lifespan of modern individuals. Nitrogen isotope values were lower in recent tissues as a consequence of the changes in the agri-food industry and worldwide consumption patterns that have intensified in Latin America in the last decades.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manubriosternal Morphology of Anthropoid Primates","authors":"Emily R. Middleton,&nbsp;Morgan T. Alwell,&nbsp;Carol V. Ward","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25053","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this paper is to examine the proportions of the manubrium and sternebrae across anthropoid primates to explore variation hypothesized to be related to thoracic shape and locomotor specialization, and to determine whether the sternoclavicular joint orientation in hominoids reflects hypothesized differences in shoulder joint positioning relative to the thorax.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metric data and sternoclavicular joint orientation data were collected from calibrated photographs of manubria and sternebrae from a large sample (<i>n</i> = 244) of extant anthropoid primates, as well as a small sample of fossil taxa. Manubriosternal and rib cage metric data were also collected from CT scans of an additional 52 extant anthropoid torsos. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analyses, and linear correlations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Manubriosternal morphology varies among anthropoids and appears to track thoracic shape and positional repertoire. Hominoids tend to have broader manubria and sterna than monkeys. <i>Ekembo</i> and <i>Equatorius</i> appear to most closely resemble colobines and <i>Alouatta</i> in sternebral shape, suggesting a thorax most similar to these taxa. Neandertals and early anatomically modern humans are most similar to humans, providing no evidence for a relatively broad rib cage. Sternoclavicular joint orientation also differs among hominoids, with all hominoids having more cranially inclined joint surfaces than humans. The human-like value observed for <i>Australopithecus sediba</i> supports the hypothesis that the clavicle in this species was not inclined laterally in resting posture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the correlation between manubriosternal breadths and thoracic form across anthropoids, this study suggests that manubriosterna may provide useful information for interpreting skeletal form and positional repertoires in fossil anthropoids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of an Extreme Weather Event on Primate Populations","authors":"Megan Beardmore-Herd,&nbsp;Meredith S. Palmer,&nbsp;Kaitlyn M. Gaynor,&nbsp;Susana Carvalho","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With contemporary, human-induced climate change at a crisis point, extreme weather events (e.g., cyclones, heatwaves, floods) are becoming more frequent, intense, and difficult to predict. These events can wreak rapid and significant changes on ecosystems; thus, it is imperative to understand how wildlife communities respond to these disruptions. Primates are perceived as being a largely adaptable order, but we often lack the quantitative data to rigorously assess how they are impacted by extreme environmental change. Leveraging detections from a long-term camera trap survey, this opportunistic study reports the effects of an extreme weather event on a little-studied population of free-ranging primates in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined shifts in gray-footed chacma baboon (<i>Papio ursinus griseipes</i>) and vervet monkey (<i>Chlorocebus pygerythrus</i>) spatial distribution and relative abundance following Cyclone Idai—a category four tropical cyclone that struck Mozambique in March 2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Baboon spatial distributions were impacted in the first month after the cyclone, with more detections in areas where flooding was less severe. Spatial distributions renormalized once floodwaters began to recede. We describe vervet monkey spatial distribution trends, though sample size limitations inhibited statistical analysis. Primate relative abundance did not appear to substantially decrease following the cyclone, suggesting troops were able to adopt behavioral adjustments to evade rising floodwaters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the behavioral flexibility of Gorongosa's primates and their ability to adapt to extreme—if temporary—disruptions, with implications for primate conservation in the Anthropocene and research into how rapid climatic events may have shaped primate evolution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.25049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}