American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Dentition of the Mugharet El'Aliya Fossil Human Maxilla, Morocco","authors":"Carolin Röding,&nbsp;Sireen El-Zaatari,&nbsp;Fernando V. Ramirez Rozzi,&nbsp;Chris Stringer,&nbsp;M. Loring Burgess,&nbsp;Rodrigo S. Lacruz,&nbsp;Katerina Harvati","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study follows up on our recent morphological analysis of the juvenile maxilla from Mugharet el'Aliya, Morocco. Although this specimen shows a reportedly archaic morphology, likely due to its large size, 3D shape analyses indicated affinities with early <i>Homo sapiens</i>. Here, we conducted an in-depth comparative investigation of the associated dentition to further clarify this individual's phylogenetic and taxonomic affinities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analyses were based on three kinds of data: (a) external crown dimensions and non-metric features, analyzed via summary statistics; (b) CT scan data enabling the study of internal structures (enamel-dentine junction) via geometric morphometrics; and (c) high-resolution replicas of the external surface of the upper canine enabling the study of perikymata numbers via probability functions. The comparative samples included Middle Pleistocene (Chibanian) Europeans and Africans, Neanderthals, and early and later <i>H. sapiens</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mugharet el'Aliya showed the greatest similarities in external and internal tooth morphology with early and later <i>H. sapiens.</i> Perikymata counts cluster the upper canine with <i>H. sapiens</i>. However, its canine and fourth premolar are megadont at a level generally atypical for <i>H. sapiens.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analyses of the dentition of the Mugharet el'Aliya individual support our previous findings on the morphological analysis of the maxilla, placing this fossil closest to <i>H. sapiens</i>. Our study further strengthens the evidence connecting fossils from the North African Aterian to those from Western Asia, especially Qafzeh. We also provide the first comparative analysis of a permanent upper canine from the Aterian fossil record.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Stone Tool Use in Wild Groups of Critically Endangered Yellow-Breasted Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus xanthosternos)","authors":"Rayssa Durães Mainette,&nbsp;Jessica W. Lynch,&nbsp;Patrícia Izar,&nbsp;Gustavo Canale,&nbsp;Waldney Pereira Martins","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70002","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A hallmark of hominin evolution is the advent and diversification of stone tool use, and biological anthropologists have a particular interest in characterizing tool use behaviors in different hominin species. Robust capuchins, the genus &lt;i&gt;Sapajus&lt;/i&gt;, are an excellent convergent model system for understanding tool use evolution, principally in the context of foraging, in terms of how they use stones to process hard fruits. However, most published studies of capuchin tool use in the wild focus on the species &lt;i&gt;Sapajus libidinosus&lt;/i&gt;. In order to strengthen comparative analyses, it is important to do research across robust capuchin species to understand tool use capacities and variation across the genus. The first indirect evidence that reported tool use in wild &lt;i&gt;S. xanthosternos&lt;/i&gt; was in 2009, but since that time no additional publications have described this behavior for this species. In this study we provide the first complete characterization of tool use in wild &lt;i&gt;S. xanthosternos&lt;/i&gt; for two areas within Montes Claros, Minas Gerais state, Brazil: Santa Rosa de Lima district, and Lapa Grande State Park. We compare our findings to the stone tool use characteristics reported in wild &lt;i&gt;Sapajus libidinosus&lt;/i&gt; and other capuchin monkey species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Materials and Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In monthly surveys from January to September 2018, we walked trails through the two study areas and categorized tool use site characteristics, including anvil area, height, and perimeter; hammer stone weight; and species of fruit utilized. Additionally, we utilized camera traps at high-use sites.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We describe the tools used by &lt;i&gt;S. xanthosternos&lt;/i&gt; at 169 sites clustered in seven Nutcracking Areas, for processing three different species of encased fruit: Macaúba (&lt;i&gt;Acrocomia aculeata&lt;/i&gt;), Cansaçao (&lt;i&gt;Cnidoscolus pubescens&lt;/i&gt;), and Guariroba (&lt;i&gt;Syagrus oleracea&lt;/i&gt;). With camera traps, we directly observed tool use behavior for the first time in this species.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sapajus xanthosternos&lt;/i&gt; displayed tool use patterns very similar to those of &lt;i&gt;S. libidinosus&lt;/i&gt;. The main difference was in regards to physical force; in our study, the mean weight of stones used by &lt;i&gt;S. xanthosternos&lt;/i&gt; was higher than the mean reported for &lt;i&gt;S. libidinosus&lt;/i&gt; at most field sites; however, there was no difference in hammer weight between &lt;i&gt;S. libidinosus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;S. xanthosternos&lt;/i&gt; when hammering Macaúba. We also r","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"They Are People Too: The Ethics of Curation and Use of Human Skeletal Remains for Teaching and Research","authors":"Gwen Robbins Schug,&nbsp;Siân E. Halcrow,&nbsp;Carlina de la Cova","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper is an introduction and review for the special issue of AJBA on the <i>Curation and Use of Human Skeletal Remains for Teaching and Research</i>, which emerged from an organized session at the American Association of Biological Anthropologists in 2022. The authors of this special issue describe the ethical challenges surrounding the collection, curation, and use of human skeletal remains in biological anthropology, focusing particularly on the historical exploitation of marginalized communities, such as Indigenous and African American populations. These remains were often acquired without consent through colonial exploitation and unethical practices like grave robbing. This introduction presents a historical review of the dehumanization of these remains, which have been treated as scientific specimens rather than as individuals with complex histories. We highlight the ongoing misuse of human remains in academic settings and the perpetuation of structural violence. The papers in this special issue call for the development of ethical guidelines that emphasize transparency, respect for descendant communities, and the consideration of non-destructive research methods. The authors advocate for rehumanizing these remains, fostering collaboration with descendant communities, and supporting efforts for repatriation. This special issue aims to encourage biological anthropologists to pause and critically reflect on the discipline's colonial and racist foundations, taking meaningful steps toward a more ethical and just treatment of human remains in teaching and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Decolonial Turn in Forensic Anthropology","authors":"Matthew C. Go","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forensic anthropology has matured into a formidable and fully fledged discipline that includes specialty graduate programs, diversified employment opportunities, an expanding scope, and improved regulation. As part of this maturity, and in step with other branches of science and the humanities, forensic anthropology has also experienced an upswing in discourse on decolonization and decoloniality. From its inception and throughout its history, anthropology has been a colonial venture that observes humans under a Western gaze. As a critique of the universality and superiority of Western systems of knowledge, the decolonial turn constitutes alternative ways of thinking and doing and provides space for these epistemes to circulate and thrive. In this synthesis, decolonization efforts within forensic anthropology are organized into five “C's” of appraisal: categories, casework, curricula, competence, and collections. Namely, these efforts feature the debates around sex, ancestry, and structural vulnerability estimation (categories); the expansion of humanitarian action and community involvement and the challenges to positivism, neutrality, and objectivity (casework); the assessment of how we educate, train, and value expertise (curricula and competence); and the interrogation of how we extract knowledge from the dead (collections). From the undercurrents of these five, a sixth C, care, is unveiled. Given the academic and practical value of forensic anthropology, especially vis-à-vis its consequences for colonized peoples, these discourses become imperative for the continued relevance of a colonialist field in a postcolonial world.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary Perspectives, Comparative Approaches, and the Lived Experience of Menopause","authors":"Lynnette Leidy Sievert","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this synthesis is to review age at menopause, symptom experience at midlife, and the evolution of menopause in a way that is helpful for biological anthropologists who are interested in the study of this challenging time of life. The synthesis begins with the biology of menopause, then shifts to the evolution of menopause with an emphasis on phylogenetic and adaptationist perspectives. Discussion of the biology and evolution of menopause incorporates a cross-species perspective, with particular attention to whales and primates. The synthesis continues with a cross-population review of variation in age at menopause. The final section is about symptom experience across populations with attention to the medical context of midlife, a focus on hot flashes, and consideration of the strengths and limitations of ethnographic and questionnaire-based research. The review ends with suggestions for where biological anthropology can make important contributions to the research of midlife and menopause.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ontogeny of the Human Calcaneus: Insights From Morphological and Trabecular Changes During Postnatal Growth","authors":"Carla Figus,&nbsp;Kristian J. Carlson,&nbsp;Eugenio Bortolini,&nbsp;Jaap Saers,&nbsp;Francesca Seghi,&nbsp;Rita Sorrentino,&nbsp;Federico Bernardini,&nbsp;Antonino Vazzana,&nbsp;Igor Erjavec,&nbsp;Mario Novak,&nbsp;Claudio Tuniz,&nbsp;Maria Giovanna Belcastro,&nbsp;Jay Stock,&nbsp;Timothy M. Ryan,&nbsp;Stefano Benazzi","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the developmental changes in the human calcaneal internal and external morphology linked to the acquisition of mature bipedal locomotion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy seven micro-CT scans of modern juvenile calcanei (from perinates to 15 years old) are employed. The chronological period spans from the Middle/Late Neolithic (4800–4500 BCE) to the 20th century. Through a comprehensive approach that comprises geometric morphometric methods and whole-bone trabecular analysis, the calcaneal growing morphology has been explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Morphological changes reflect the development of bipedal locomotion, showing its potential when tracking the major locomotor milestones. The calcaneal shape is immature and almost featureless during the first year of life. The internal architecture is dense and isotropic with numerous thin trabeculae closely packed together. The internal architecture changes to better adapt to variations in load stimulated by a more mature gait by increasing bone mass and alignment, with fewer and thicker struts. The external morphology shows its plasticity by increasing the surface area where greater strain is expected and changing the orientation of the articular facets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analysis of morphological changes in the growing calcaneus highlights the importance of an integrative methodology when exploring developmental bone plasticity. The changes in calcaneal internal and external morphologies reflect the different loading patterns experienced during growth, gradually shifting from a more generalized morphology to a more adult-like one, reflecting major locomotor achievement. Our research shows that although initially genetically driven, calcaneal plasticity may display mechanical influences and provide precious information on tracking the main locomotor milestones.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Virtual Database of the Documented Human Osteological Collection (DHOC) of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna (Italy, 19th–20th Century)","authors":"Rita Sorrentino,&nbsp;Annalisa Pietrobelli,&nbsp;Davide Mameli,&nbsp;Valentina Mariotti,&nbsp;Teresa Nicolosi,&nbsp;Maria Giovanna Belcastro","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.25065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article aims to introduce a new virtual database of skeletal human remains from the Documented Human Osteological Collection (DHOC) of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna (Emilia Romagna, northern Italy) housed at the University of Bologna. The Virtual DHOC of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna (VirtualDHOC) is stored in the publicly accessible 3D data repository MorphoSource, and consists of 3D models or micro-Computer Tomography scans of skeletal elements of a subsample of the 425 individuals. These skeletons, mostly complete and well-preserved, pertain to individuals of different ages, ranging from fetuses/newborns to 91 years old, for which the sex is known, who died in the city of Bologna between 1898 and 1944. This collection represents an important scientific resource for the study of human skeletal remains and to test methods and techniques in the field of bioarchaeology, forensics, and paleoanthropology. The digitization of a comprehensive database of 3D scans and 3D bones is an ongoing project that will implement the Virtual DHOC of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna over the next few years. The Virtual DHOC of the Certosa Cemetery of Bologna aims to share the data contained therein with other researchers, contributing to the dissemination of knowledge and the promotion of scientific research in anthropology, while also ensuring the virtual preservation and accessibility of this collection for future generations. This simultaneously responds to various ethical concerns and best practices about the treatment and management of human skeletal remains.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.25065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infant Handling in Mantled Howler Monkeys","authors":"Maud C. M. Czerwinski,&nbsp;Ariadna Rangel-Negrín,&nbsp;Pedro A. D. Dias","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In most primate species that live in social groups, non-mothers frequently interact with infants leading to significant impacts on maternal care strategies and both infant socialization and survivorship. In this study, we focused on infant handling by non-mother individuals in mantled howler monkeys (<i>Alouatta palliata</i>), a species for which very little information is available on this topic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using focal-animal sampling for 743 h, we observed 218 instances of interest and 232 handling events involving 14 infants (i.e., 1 to 12 months of age) living in four groups in southern Mexico.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interest and handling occurred at similar rates, 0.3 events per hour. Most handling was positive, involving behaviors such as making contact and friendly touching, whereas aggressive behaviors, such as harassing and kidnapping, were infrequent. Adult females, especially when lactating, were the primary handlers, contrasting with findings in other primate species where juveniles or non-lactating females are usually more involved. Handling began within the first week of life and was most frequent during the first 3 months. Mothers rarely intervened in handling, doing so primarily during infrequent kidnapping events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings contribute to our understanding of primate social behavior, particularly in species with low social activity levels, and provide a basis for future research on the implications of infant handling for group dynamics and infant development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Method for Whole Bone Analysis of Bilateral Asymmetry","authors":"Valérie Deschênes,&nbsp;Michelle S. M. Drapeau","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Postcranial asymmetry of bones has been mostly studied with linear or angular measurements. Although conclusive, these measurements fail to capture the differences of the entire bone surface. Here, we develop a methodology to measure whole bone bilateral asymmetry from 3D models. We demonstrate the method using the humerus and the second metacarpal. We compare right and left bones of the same individual (bilateral variation) to that of different scans of the same bone (interscan variation) and of the same bone from different individuals (interindividual variation) to show that the method functions and is able to segregate different degrees of variation. The interscan variation is the lowest, while the interindividual variation is the greatest, and the bilateral variation falls between the other two. Visual comparisons, using color maps, illustrate on the bone where the asymmetry is most marked. As expected, the interscan comparisons show very little variation in shape, while the interindividual comparisons reveal extensive variation. In bilateral comparisons, some patterns were observed. In the humerus, the radial groove, the deltoid tuberosity, and the olecranon fossa were usually the most asymmetrical regions. The epiphyses are also more asymmetrical than the diaphysis. For the MC2, the attachments for the palmar interossei muscles and the articular facets with the MC3 were the most asymmetrical regions. These results demonstrate that this new method helps identify areas of asymmetry that would otherwise be difficult to observe.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Macaque Model for the Effects of Hybridization on Body Size","authors":"Laura T. Buck,&nbsp;David C. Katz,&nbsp;Rebecca Rogers Ackermann,&nbsp;Leslea J. Hlusko,&nbsp;Sree Kanthaswamy,&nbsp;Timothy D. Weaver","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.25062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genomics research has uncovered recurrent hybridization between hominin species, yet its morphological impact remains understudied. Non-human primate research has suggested a morphological signature of hybrid ancestry, which could be used to identify hybrids in the hominin fossil record. This pattern may include extreme size, heightened variation, and markers of developmental instability, but factors affecting these characteristics are poorly understood. Studies of non-mammalian taxa suggest that extreme morphology is more likely in early-generation hybrids and with a greater parental distance. To understand hybridization in hominins, therefore, we must use appropriate proxy taxa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, we use Chinese × Indian <i>Macaca mulatta</i> hybrids with a comparable divergence time in generations to <i>Homo sapiens</i>/Neanderthals and wide variation in admixture. Measuring limb lengths, body length, and weight, we investigate the relationship between admixture and size/variation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to previous work with more phylogenetically distant primate taxa and a focus on early generation hybrids, we found no evidence of a relationship between admixture and extreme large size, nor with increased size variation. Hybrids in our sample are relatively small but within the range of variation of the smaller parental taxon.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that hybridization between closely related taxa, such as Neanderthals and <i>H. sapiens</i>, may lead to more subtle morphological patterns than previously anticipated. It will be necessary, however, to better understand the factors governing primate hybrid morphology before we can produce robust inferences on how hybridization has affected hominin evolution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.25062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}