American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Overcoming Systemic Barriers in US Forensic Anthropology Education: Considering Underlying Barriers to Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging in Forensic Anthropology","authors":"Taylor S. Borgelt,&nbsp;Jesse R. Goliath,&nbsp;Erin B. Waxenbaum","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The experience of disparity—relative to race, ethnicity, gender, age, socioeconomic status, disability, sexual orientation, and others—in higher education is deeply connected to legacies of structural harm and stratification. The presence and impact of this harm in education cannot be understated and is important to recognize when considering what our classrooms look like and why. Contending with instances of disparity in higher education and professional spaces extends beyond just valuing diversity in recruitment—gathering a diverse student group and/or workforce without actionable avenues for inclusion and equity in retention (not fostering, supporting, or valuing a tangibly safe space) is a way in which harm and systemic barriers are perpetuated. This commentary applies across disciplines, though this paper deals with specific examples within and discussion of forensic anthropology education within the United States. To work toward the mitigation of systemic barriers and instances of exclusion within forensic anthropology, a number of things need to be addressed, such as (but not limited to) critically engaging with notions of objectivity in theoretical and educational discussions and the performed depersonalization of reflexivity within the subfield. Relevant to the theory around materialization, understanding how these instances and concepts impact how forensic practice is done is important in wanting to ameliorate education for marginalized and/or vulnerable people (students, practitioners, etc.) within the subfield. How the subfield and its central concepts are conceptualized, and then disseminated, matters for the actualization of inclusive spaces and the alleviating of barriers within the discipline.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Analysis of a Concretioned Skullcap From S'Omu e S'Orku, an Early Holocene Mesolithic Site of Sardinia","authors":"Gregorio Oxilia,&nbsp;Margherita Mussi,&nbsp;Daniele Chiriu,&nbsp;Francesca Assunta Pisu,&nbsp;Elisabetta Marini,&nbsp;Rita T. Melis","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study focuses on the analysis of the SOMK1 skullcap, a Mesolithic human remain from Sardinia encased in a thick concretion. The aim is to address the challenges presented by the concretion, which prevents direct examination, in order to explore the individual's biological and cultural relevance, duly contextualized within a broader population dynamic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SOMK1 skullcap was examined using a combination of chemical and digital techniques. The chemical analyses revealed that the red concretion encasing the skullcap was hematite-based and of cultural origin, thus preventing its removal. Computed tomography (CT) scans were used to virtually draw out and reconstruct the skullcap, enabling a detailed morphological analysis, as well as linear and geometric morphometric measurements. The analyses were contextualized by comparing SOMK1 against three samples, namely: island-dwelling hunter-gatherers dating to 800 CE, pre-Last Glacial Maximum (pre-LGM) European fossils, and Sardinian populations spanning from the Neolithic to modern times.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Digital analyses showed a dolichocephalic calvarium with morphometric traits consistent with a male individual. The cranial morphology matches pre-LGM European populations, differing from the brachycephalic forms observed in some Neolithic Sardinian populations. These findings suggest a possible link to earlier European populations, emphasizing the differences with later Sardinian groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study shows how digital methods like CT scanning and virtual reconstruction effectively analyze human remains in concretion. The findings offer new insights into Mesolithic cranial morphology in the Mediterranean during the Early Holocene, enhancing our understanding of prehistoric Sardinia's population dynamics and cultural practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover & Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24965","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24965","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleopathology and Evolutionary Medicine: An Integrated Approach. By Kimberly A. Plomp, Charlotte A. Roberts, Sarah Elton, and Gillian R. Bentley (eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K., 2022. 384 pp.","authors":"Haagen D. Klaus","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reappraisal of the Morphological Affinities of the Maba 1 Cranium: New Evidence From Internal Cranial Anatomy","authors":"Jiaming Hui,&nbsp;Xiujie Wu,&nbsp;Antoine Balzeau","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maba 1 is a critical fossil from the late Middle Pleistocene Asia. It is well-known for the Neanderthal-like face, while its neurocranium shows affinities with many hominin taxa, which makes the taxonomic status of Maba 1 controversial. Beyond the limited information from the external surface, we investigate in detail its internal structures, which are largely unexplored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reconstructed and described its frontal sinuses, diploic vessels, endocast, and bone thickness, using micro-CT data. Linear measurements were applied for the frontal sinuses and endocast, and the latter was also analyzed through geometric morphometrics. A comparison is made after considering the preservation of Maba 1 and the availability of comparative specimens.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The linear discriminant analyses for the frontal sinus cluster Maba 1 with <i>Homo neanderthalensis</i>. The Maba 1 diploic vessels anastomosed with the parietal foramen, a rare trait among <i>H. neanderthalensis</i>. The Maba 1 endocast differs from <i>Homo erectus</i> in the frontal lobe, but it was generally closer to <i>H. erectus</i> than to <i>H. neanderthalensis</i> and <i>Homo sapiens</i>. Generally, Maba 1 shares higher resemblances with other debated specimens, including LH18, Djebel Irhoud, and Broken Hill 1. The bregmatic thickness of Maba 1 differed from most <i>H. erectus</i>, while patterns in other areas share similarities with <i>H. neanderthalensis</i> and some <i>H. erectus</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The internal structures of Maba 1 show a combination of morphological features found in various species. These findings further evidence the high morphological variability among Asian hominins in the late Middle Pleistocene. Maba 1 currently cannot be definitely classified in any known hominin taxon.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environment, Occupation, and Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis in Pre-Roman Italy","authors":"Bianca Casa,&nbsp;Valentina Giuffra,&nbsp;Giulia Riccomi","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the frequency of chronic maxillary sinusitis (CMS) in a pre-Roman archeological skeletal assemblage from Italy and to evaluate the occurrence of CMS in combination with its environmental and sociocultural context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 131 adult individuals from the pre-Roman site of Pontecagnano (eighth to third centuries <span>bce</span>) in southern Italy with intact maxillary sinuses of ≥ 50% preservation were macroscopically and microscopically observed for the presence of osseous changes per published diagnostic criteria of CMS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CMS was present in 57.2% of individuals. The prevalence of CMS was higher in females than in males, and this difference was statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.043). The frequency of CMS increased with age-at-death. Bilateral CMS occurred more frequently than unilateral CMS. The differences in the prevalence of CMS in the Etruscan (700–450 <span>bce</span>), Samnite (450–375 <span>bce</span>), and final pre-Roman (375–200 <span>bce</span>) phases of occupation were not statistically significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In combination with viral and bacterial infections, occupational activities (metallurgy, ceramic and textile production, and agriculture) and environmental factors (volcanic ash, marshy environments, and sub-Saharan dust plumes) likely stimulated respiratory disease and resultant CMS in the inhabitants of Pontecagnano. This study provides a framework for future research on CMS and respiratory diseases in the Mediterranean region, in relation to environmental, climatic, and anthropogenic influences. The limited number of individuals per period prevented a proper diachronic analysis. Osteoarcheological assemblages from the Mediterranean region should be systematically analyzed for CMS to increase understanding of how climate, environment, industrialization, and urbanicity affected human health through time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Unusual Pubic Bone Morphology in A.L. 288-1 (Australopithecus afarensis) and MH2 (Australopithecus sediba)”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Eyre, J.</span>, <span>DeSilva, J. M.</span>, <span>Semaw, S.</span> and <span>Williams, S. A.</span> “ <span>Unusual Pubic Bone Morphology in A.L. 288-1 (<i>Australopithecus afarensis</i>) and MH2 (<i>Australopithecus sediba</i>)</span>.” <i>American Journal of Biological Anthropology</i> <span>180</span>: <span>573</span>–<span>582</span>, <span>2022</span>. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24649.\u0000 </p><p>On page 576, Table 1 should not have listed human populations separately; rather, it should report the sample sizes for females, males, unknown, and total (<i>n</i>) for <i>Homo sapiens</i>: F = 127, M = 56, unknown = 0, total (<i>n</i>) = 183, with “AMNH, BM, HR, MH, MU, UW” listed under Collection. One population in particular, Indian Knoll Native Americans, were not studied and should not be included in the table, nor should the museum's abbreviation be included in the footnote (“KU, Kentucky University, Lexington, KY”). Similarly, on page 577, “Indian Knoll Native Americans” should not be mentioned, nor should the Acknowledgements mention “the University of Kentucky William S. Webb Museum of Anthropology and George Crothers” on page 581. On page 576, the Table 1 title has been adjusted accordingly. Finally, instead of listing in text the populations from which our human sample derives on page 577, the text should simply read, “Our human sample represents a global sample of males and females (see Table 1 and Acknowledgments).”</p><p>The corrected table is presented here.</p><p>We regret these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and Morphological Differences in the Play Face and Full Play Face in Lowland Gorillas, a Hominid Species: Implications for the Evolutionary Roots of Smile and Laugh Face","authors":"Giada Cordoni,&nbsp;Martina Brescini,&nbsp;Luca Pirarba,&nbsp;Florinda Giaretto,&nbsp;Ivan Norscia","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Play Face (PF) and Full Play Face (FPF) in the great apes—homologous to human smile and laugh-face—have been considered a single phenomenon. However, if natural selection has preserved two expressions, probably their adaptive value differs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collected video data on play interactions in two lowland gorilla groups (<i>N</i> = 21; <i>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</i>) housed at La Vallée des Singes and the ZooParc de Beauval (France). Lacking a tool tailored for gorillas during this study, we analyzed facial action-unit activation via chimpFACS and OpenFace.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that PF and FPF activated partly different action units as it occurs for chimpanzees and humans' PF/FPF. We detected the rapid replication (Rapid Facial Mimicry [RFM]) of either PF or FPF that was associated with longer play sessions. Not-mimicked PF was linked to increased play session variability (different types of play patterns) measured via the Shannon Index, whereas not-mimicked FPF was associated with increased play asymmetry (imbalance between offensive/defensive patterns) measured via the Play Asymmetry Index.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lowland gorillas may use PF to manage sessions that are more complex in terms of pattern types and FPF—a more salient signal—to prevent misunderstandings when the session is imbalanced. RFM of both expressions may favor the prolongation of play sessions by increasing player synchronization and possibly emotional sharing. Our study opens the door to further comparative studies on playful expressions in humans and other primates as a way to fine-tune possible emotional communication and delineate potential evolutionary roots of Hominidae facial communication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Human-Like Enamel Growth in Homo naledi”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.25066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mahoney, P., G. McFarlane, A. J. Taurozzi, et al. 2024. “Human-Like Enamel Growth in <i>Homo naledi</i>.” <i>American Journal of Biological Anthropology</i> 184: e24893. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24893.</p><p>In the Acknowledgements the text “The participation of MCO was supported by the ERC under the Horizon 2020-MSCA-IF-2020 (grant agreement No. 101026776)<i>”</i> was imprecise. This should have read: “This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101026776 to MCO.”</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.25066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Nutritional Importance of a Liana Species for a Population of Bornean Orangutans”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aguado, W. D., A. Zulfa, T. D. Bransford, K. P. Makur, M. A. van Noordwijk, S. S. Utami Atmoko, E. R. and Vogel, E.R. 2025. “Nutritional Importance of a Liana Species for a Population of Bornean Orangutans.” <i>American Journal of Biological Anthropology</i> 186: e70042. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70042.</p><p>\u0000 <b>The authors would like to correct the last sentence of the Methods section 2.6 Analyses as follows:</b>\u0000 </p><p>“All data analyses were conducted in R (version 4.2.0, R Core Team 2022) and various packages were used for data wrangling and graphical displays (see code on OSF: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/8FRWU).”</p><p>\u0000 <b>The authors would accordingly like to correct the Data Availability Statement as noted below:</b>\u0000 </p><p>“Data and code used for analyses were mentioned to be available in the Dryad Digital Repository. They are available on the Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/8FRWU.”</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}