American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Community-Led Conservation of Endangered Primates in Southeastern Côte D'ivoire: Implications for Decolonizing African Primatology.","authors":"Inza Koné, André Djaha Koffi, Elie Bandama Bogui, Didié Armand Zadou, Abenan Marie-Ange Bénédicte Saleye","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Upper Guinean forests of West Africa are a major global hotspot for primate diversity, yet many areas remain understudied and insufficiently protected. Southeastern Côte d'Ivoire illustrates this conservation gap. Once home to several of West Africa's most threatened primate species, the region has experienced extensive deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and hunting pressure over recent decades. Consequently, many primate populations have declined or disappeared from large parts of their former range. The Tanoé-Ehy Forest, a swamp forest ecosystem located along the Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana border, is now one of the last refuges for several endangered primates in the region. Since 2006, a long-term conservation initiative led by Ivorian scientists, in partnership with local communities, has aimed to protect this forest and its biodiversity through a community-based conservation approach. This article presents the Tanoé-Ehy conservation initiative as a case study demonstrating how locally led conservation efforts can support both biodiversity protection and community empowerment while contributing to changes in conservation practice in African primatology. Over nearly two decades, the project has combined ecological research, participatory governance, and socio-economic initiatives. Community members actively participate in wildlife monitoring, forest surveillance, environmental education, and livelihood diversification programs designed to reduce pressure on forest resources. Beyond biodiversity protection, the initiative highlights the importance of strengthening national scientific leadership and recognizing local communities as central actors in conservation governance. The Tanoé-Ehy experience shows that effective and sustainable conservation in biodiversity-rich regions depends on integrating local knowledge, equitable partnerships, and long-term community engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 1","pages":"e70261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Body Mass, Beyond Adulthood: The Ontogeny of Sexual Size Monomorphism.","authors":"Gabrielle L Bueno, Stacey R Tecot, Rebecca J Lewis","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Contest competition for mates and female reproductive energetics influence body size and sexual dimorphism across many primates; nevertheless, some monomorphic species defy these patterns. These deviations may reflect biological anthropology's focus on body mass and adult size as defining features of sexual dimorphism. Using ontogenetic data, we test whether sexual monomorphism in adult body mass necessitates monomorphism across all traits and evaluate whether mate competition and female energetics explain sex-specific developmental patterns and adult morphology in a monomorphic primate.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We built sex-specific growth curves using generalized additive mixed models to examine levels of sexual dimorphism in 14 morphological measurements across development in Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi) at Ankoatsifaka Research Station in western Madagascar.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sifaka exhibited male-biased dimorphism in upper arm and thigh circumference at adulthood and across growth, but not in other contest-related traits. Adult females had significantly longer hindlimbs and thighs and exhibited bimaturism and increased growth rate in these and several other traits.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We found limited support for our hypotheses that female reproductive energetics or male-male contest competition drive adult size, sex differences, and growth trajectories in Verreaux's sifaka. However, male-male contest competition likely drives male-biased dimorphism in muscle mass, and longer female hindlimbs may represent an adaptation to infant carrying, reflecting a species-specific suite of dimorphic traits. This study demonstrates that sexual dimorphism exists at finer scales even in monomorphic species, and that adult size and sex differences are the result of a mosaic of selective pressures acting on individual traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 1","pages":"e70257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multisegment Model for Body Surface Area and Body Volume Estimation.","authors":"Pavla A Jarešová, Martin Hora, Michal Struška, Tobias L Kordsmeyer, Julia Stern, Lars Penke, Vladimír Sládek","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Body surface area (BSA) and body volume (BV) are crucial for understanding variations in body size and shape in humans. Direct measurement of BSA and BV is challenging due to the complex human body shape and variation in body proportion and composition among humans. To address these limitations, we developed a multisegment model for estimating BSA and BV.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The multisegment model of the human body divides the body into eight segments, each represented by geometric solids determined by linear dimensions. The trunk segment was represented as a circular base cylinder, an elliptical base cylinder, and a cuboid to determine the most accurate trunk representation. BSA and BV were computed by summing the surface areas and volumes of these geometric solids. The estimation error of our multisegment model and the previous models was tested using 60 3D whole-body scans of males.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Models with circular and cuboidal trunk shapes provide more accurate BSA estimates compared to the elliptical trunk model, while the cuboidal trunk model was the most accurate for BV estimation. Our cuboidal trunk model showed a similar estimation error for BSA but reduced the error for BV estimates by at least 5 percentage points compared to previously published models.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our model stresses the importance of accurate representation of the trunk segment with three different representations. The estimate of BSA has better accuracy than the BV estimate. The model's overall accuracy highlights its potential for broader applications in anthropological and physiological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 1","pages":"e70256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental Microwear Texture Analysis of the Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) From the Selenka Collection.","authors":"Sophie Gabriele Habinger, Gildas Merceron, Anneke H van Heteren, Valeria Rojas Cuyutupa, Hervé Bocherens, Olivier Chavasseau","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70266","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Characterizing the diet of extant taxa is important not only to determine their ecological niche but also to serve as a reference for dietary and niche inferences in evolutionary studies. Tracking the diets of fossil taxa and their change through time has been increasingly employed to further understand the evolution of primates. In the last decades, several studies using stable isotope analysis, dental topography, or dental microwear analysis have been conducted to reconstruct the paleoecology and diet of fossil pongines. However, paleodietary reconstructions based on the dental microwear of fossil pongines lacked a well-defined and extensive reference dataset of extant Pongo.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>To close this gap, we characterized intrapopulation variation in dietary ecology using dental microwear textures of 89 orangutans collected by Emil and Margarethe Selenka on Borneo in 1894.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study provides insights into dietary variation in extant Pongo and aims as an important reference dataset in future paleodietary reconstructions. According to climatic records available for the late 19th century, the specimens were not collected during an El Niño event; these events impact fruit resource abundance in Southeast Asia. We found no significant differences in dental microwear textures depending on sex, age, or locality.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This suggests that, despite a large number of specimens and localities sampled, sex, age, and locality did not significantly influence the dietary resources consumed at the scale of the population. More detailed individual information-not available for this historical collection-would be necessary to further test these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 1","pages":"e70266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Making Descendant Communities: Three Case Studies From Historical Bioarchaeology.","authors":"Alanna L Warner-Smith, Lauren R Hosek, Meredith A B Ellis","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70255","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioarchaeologists, museums and universities, journal editorial boards, and academic professional organizations are working toward ethical engagements with human remains, with a focus on descendant community engagement. This article reexamines past and present bioarchaeological descendant community engagement to consider how \"descendant community\" has been defined. The authors present three case studies to highlight variation in descendant community definition in practice. The first describes the Loretto Bioarchaeology Project, a community-engaged investigation of the lives of Catholic Sisters (1870-1969) based in Denver, Colorado. The Loretto Community of Sisters and affiliates acts as the descendant community, centering 'chosen' family over biological relationships. The second case study discusses two hurricane victims from the 1928 Hurricane, in Belle Glade, Florida. A biological descendant community is impossible given the population of migrant laborers that died in the storm, but a community of care has been developed at a local memorial site for the storm. The third case study considers next-of-kin reported in archival documents pertaining to persons in the Huntington Anatomical Collection (1893-1921), currently housed at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History. While next-of-kin documented at decedents' deaths include biological kin, bonds were also created through shared residence and life in New York City, problematizing notions of lineal descendants in the present. The case studies represent a multiplicity of \"family,\" \"descendants,\" and \"kin,\" complicating policies for defining and prioritizing descendant communities and offering examples of paths forward through different iterations of community in bioarchaeological practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 1","pages":"e70255"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13150414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CSGM: A R Package to Conduct a Robust Cross-Sectional Geometric Morphometric Analysis.","authors":"Brian A Keeling, Alessandro Urciuoli, Mercedes Conde-Valverde, Julia Diez-Valero, Laure Spake, Rolf Quam","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluating the relationships between the shape and biomechanical function of bone cross-sections can contribute novel insights towards human functional and evolutionary morphology. However, this research involves unique analytical and statistical challenges when comparing complex and multidimensional shape data to multivariate biomechanical variables. We developed the CSGM package in the R programming language to streamline statistical hypothesis testing on the geometric properties and shape of bone cross-sections, offering unique interactive and informative visualization plots. This package uses a variety of popular statistical inferential techniques including correlation, covariation, classification, and prediction. By applying a novel nested hypothesis testing approach, users can efficiently analyze complex morphofunctional relationships in parallel.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We present various functions within the CSGM package that can analyze and visualize three-dimensional shape relationships. In addition, we highlight dedicated functions which evaluate pairwise relationships between bone cross-sectional shape and biomechanically relevant variables. The effectiveness of this automated hypothesis testing approach is demonstrated through the use of two associated, complex datasets generated from cross-sections of the mandibular corpus in three modern human collections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The functions of our package helped reveal prominent shape asymmetry in the study sample which also asymmetrically impacts the bending resistances and breaking strength properties of the mandibular corpus.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The CSGM package offers a series of functions that can test morphofunctional relationships by incorporating a nested hypothesis modeling approach to statistical analysis and interactive graphic visualizations. Thus, CSGM is a useful and powerful analytical toolkit to interpret complex data relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 1","pages":"e70260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energetic Investment in Travel by Black Howler Monkeys: Testing Push-Pull Dynamics.","authors":"Pedro A D Dias, Ariadna Rangel Negrín","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Movement decisions reflect trade-offs between travel costs and expected benefits at the destination. We examined whether energetic investment in travel by black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra), an energy-limited species, is driven by push factors (departure conditions), pull factors (destination characteristics), or their integration.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We studied 12 groups in Campeche, Mexico (2005-2008), analyzing 7461 travel episodes from 59 adults (3747 observation hours). Energy expenditure was estimated using cost of transport models. We compared three model sets (push, pull, and combined) using mixed-effects modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pull factors outperformed push and combined factors in explaining travel investment. Travel to unripe fruit trees required nearly twice the energy of travel to resting sites (492.4 vs. 245.0 J). Destination tree size increased costs by 11.9% per standard deviation increase in diameter, while travel to preferred food species required 5.7% less energy. Males expended 19.8% more energy per travel episode than females. Time of day showed a significant nonlinear effect, with costs decreasing asymmetrically across the day.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings suggest that black howler monkeys prioritize destination characteristics over departure conditions when investing energy in travel, indicating goal-directed rather than reactive movement despite their energy-minimizing ecology. These results underscore the importance of quantifying energetic trade-offs in travel decisions to understand how animals balance immediate costs against expected benefits, particularly in species where energy limitations constrain behavioral strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 1","pages":"e70263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147820821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whose Research Is It? Knowledge Creation With and for Adult Children of Survivors of the Genocide Against the Tutsi.","authors":"Glorieuse Uwizeye, Zaneta M Thayer, Julienne N Rutherford","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decolonial practices in bioanthropology have led to a shift toward intentional community engagement to inform the questions asked and the methods used, moving from \"research on\" to \"research with\". Specifically, in our work with survivors of the genocide against the Tutsi, we have grappled with how to develop contextually and culturally adequate research processes that prioritize community ways of knowing in the context of intense, widescale trauma and tragedy. In this self-reflexive narrative, we describe and reflect upon two stages of studies working with adult children of survivors of the genocide against the Tutsi. We provide the context of such work within the discipline of biological anthropology, and discuss the identities and relationships of the research team. The paper then shifts to a first-person narrative by the first author, the Rwandan insider/outsider leader of the project, describing its evolution from investigator-led observational quasi-experimental research into integrative community-based participatory research, detailing the ways in which engagement with the community has led to new questions and methodological approaches as the project continues to grow collaboratively. Rather than providing prescriptive guidelines for others committed to decolonizing their research programs, we use our experience to illustrate how such approaches necessarily vary across contexts and to highlight the importance of continued flexibility, reflexivity, and respect for community.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 1","pages":"e70259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cranial Morphology of a 21,000-Year-Old Homo sapiens From Southwest China.","authors":"Sungui Lin, Yuhao Zhao, Song Xing","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study reports a new hominin cranium, dated to 21,000 years ago, offering novel insights into the evolutionary pattern of the cranial morphology of the East Asian Homo sapiens over the past 40,000 years.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The cranium (22IVPP-H-Cr01) was scanned and virtually reconstructed. Its morphology was described and compared primarily with other fossil H. sapiens. To better contextualize cranial variation, specimens of Homo heidelbergensis, East Asian late Middle Pleistocene archaic Homo, Homo neanderthalensis, and recent H. sapiens were also added to the comparative sample. Additionally, cranial measurements were conducted on the 22IVPP-H-Cr01 and compared with those of other taxonomic groups to assess its evolutionary status through principal component analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 22IVPP-H-Cr01 cranium represents a female aged ~35-40 years. It exhibits typical H. sapiens morphology while retaining ancestral traits, including pronounced prognathism, a broad interorbital region, and wide nasal aperture. Overall, the cranial configuration of 22IVPP-H-Cr01 appears more derived than pre-LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) H. sapiens yet more primitive than post-LGM H. sapiens in East Asia.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Compared to East Asian pre-LGM H. sapiens, post-LGM populations exhibit significant morphological variability. The 22IVPP-H-Cr01 specimen from Southwest China, dated to the LGM, may represent a candidate link between these two chronological groups. This finding supports population continuity at least in southern East Asia over the past 40,000 years, contrasting with the local population replacement documented in northern East Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"190 1","pages":"e70265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Changes in Vertebral Morphology of the Free-Ranging Rhesus Macaques From Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico\u0000 Cambios Temporales en la Morfología Vertebral de Macacos Rhesus No Enjaulados de Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico","authors":"Catalina I. Villamil,&nbsp;Jeziel J. Negrón,&nbsp;Emily R. Middleton","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70249","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study is to assess temporal change in vertebral size and shape in macaques born on Cayo Santiago from 1951 to 2002 in order to clarify patterns of temporal change identified in the cranium, appendicular skeleton, and body mass.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed overall size, vertebral body height, and overall shape using a published dataset of 3D coordinate data representing six vertebrae from 132 female and 78 male Rhesus macaques from Cayo Santiago. We performed multiple linear regression with year of birth and age at death as independent variables, and assessed differences between early (1950–1965) and late (1985–2002) cohorts using standard statistical methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found decreases in overall size and vertebral body height over time across vertebrae. Females decreased more than males, resulting in greater sexual dimorphism over time. We found no evidence of vertebral shape change. Incidentally, we found that thoracolumbar vertebral body height is not sexually dimorphic in this group and that males largely maintain vertebral body height over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results are consistent with an overall reduction of the skeleton in this population rather than localized reductions in specific body regions or in soft tissue mass. Females displayed more extreme changes than males, and this pattern may suggest that females are under stronger selection for environmental reasons, possibly due to the physiological demands of pregnancy. Female–male differences may also reflect early female age at first birth, which occurs prior to full skeletal maturation and may directly affect female growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"189 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}