American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Cover & Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing Life Histories: New Insights Into Cremation Practices, Mobility, and Food Consumption Patterns Through Isotope and Infrared Analyses of Petrous Parts and Teeth","authors":"Anneminne Frère,&nbsp;Tessi Löffelmann,&nbsp;Barbara Veselka,&nbsp;Elisavet Stamataki,&nbsp;Amanda Sengeløv,&nbsp;Hannah F. James,&nbsp;Guy de Mulder,&nbsp;Britt Claes,&nbsp;Free de Backer,&nbsp;Christophe Snoeck","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Several archaeological cremation sites in Belgium have been investigated through a multidisciplinary approach. The sampling process predominantly focused on calcined ribs, diaphyses, and crania. However, previous studies rarely included teeth or the inner cortex (IC) of the otic capsule of the petrous part, both of which can provide information regarding residence and mobility during infancy and childhood. Moreover, the potential of these elements to contribute to understanding cremation practices has been largely unexplored. Therefore, this study examines the value of sampling these early-forming skeletal tissues for the study of mobility, food consumption patterns, and cremation practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two Late Bronze Age–Early Iron Age cremation sites in Belgium, Herstal (132 skeletal elements) and Court-Saint-Étienne (39 skeletal elements), were selected for this purpose. Mobility was examined via strontium isotope analysis, and cremation practices through stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy in Attenuated Total Reflectance mode (FTIR-ATR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings underscore the importance of sampling different skeletal elements to reconstruct life histories and interpret cremation practices. Differences between the strontium isotope ratios of infancy/childhood (IC and teeth) and those of continuously remodeling skeletal tissues (cranium, diaphysis, rib) revealed changes in food consumption, relocations throughout life, and multiple individuals within a single grave. Including petrous parts and teeth significantly affected statistical comparisons of infrared and carbon–oxygen isotope data across skeletal elements and cremation sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the value of integrating petrous parts and teeth to better understand cremation practices, mobility, and food consumption patterns, while also stressing the importance of caution when comparing sites with different sampling approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology of the Upper Post Canine Complex of Pleistocene Ponginae From Vietnam—Anatomical Variability and Systematics","authors":"David W. Cameron,&nbsp;Russell L. Ciochon,&nbsp;Long Vu,&nbsp;Anh Tuan Nguyen","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the morphological variability of the isolated upper post-canine teeth currently allocated to <i>Pongo</i> and <i>Langsonia</i> from northern Vietnam. To revise the taxonomy and assess the systematics of the Middle and Late Pleistocene Ponginae based on the morphological and metric variation and the identification of derived features within samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A series of correspondent analyses were generated against a large database of morphological (phenetic) characters scored for each tooth. Before analysis, the data was converted into a binary format. This frequently resulted in around 130 character states (variables) being analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We demonstrate that in terms of morphological and metric variation, the Middle and Late Pleistocene Ponginae samples frequently fall well outside the range observed in extant <i>Pongo pygmaeus</i>, but also the combined range seen in <i>Pan paniscus</i> and <i>P. troglodytes</i>. Many derived features were identified among the fossil samples. We recognize three species of <i>Langsonia</i> from Thẩm Khuyên Cave, one being the original species named by Schwartz and colleagues, while the other two were previously considered to belong to a species and subspecies of <i>Pongo</i>. We recognize two new species of <i>Pongo</i> from the Late Pleistocene of Làng Tráng and Kéo Lèng caves.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conclude that the diversity of Ponginae inhabiting this part of mainland Southeast Asia during the Middle to Late Pleistocene is part of a monophyletic <i>Pongo</i> clade to the exclusion of <i>Langsonia</i>, which we consider a primitive member of the Ponginae.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Instantaneous Energy in Bipedal Walking of Baboons: A Model for Exploring the Evolutionary Transition Toward Efficient Bipedalism in Hominins","authors":"François Druelle,&nbsp;Jonathan Özçelebi,&nbsp;François Marchal,&nbsp;Gilles Berillon","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-human primates exhibit bipedal walking with a typical “bent-hip, bent-knee” posture, incurring additional energy costs as shown by studies using electromyography and mechanical analysis. During the evolution of habitual bipedalism in hominins, this mode underwent a gradual refinement, culminating in the genus <i>Homo</i>. To explore energy conservation mechanisms and the influence of kinematics during occasional bipedal walking, we investigated energy dynamics within different body segments in an ontogenetic sample of baboons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Kinematic and morphometric data from 17 baboons, including mature and immature individuals, were initially collected at the CNRS Primatology station (France). We calculated the potential and kinetic (rotational and translational) energies of various body segments over 40 strides, followed by a comparison with human data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Age-related kinematic differences influence energy recovery percentages in baboons, particularly in the shank and trunk segments. While significant differences can be observed between baboons and humans, such as in the trunk, arm, and foot segments, similarities exist in the thigh and shank segments, with the thigh being the primary segment for substantial energy transfer. Unlike humans, baboons lack an optimal speed range for energy recovery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present a model for energy recovery in flexed bipedal walking. While baboon bipedalism is inefficient in energy recovery, minor trunk motion adjustments could greatly enhance efficiency. These subtle refinements have the potential to increase energy recovery rates, making bipedalism more practical for regular use. From an evolutionary perspective, such improvements would be particularly noteworthy considering other challenging activities like climbing and arboreal quadrupedalism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardizing Advanced Training in Forensic Anthropology: Defining a Clear Path to Achieve Forensic Specialization in Biological Anthropology","authors":"Christine M. Pink,&nbsp;Jered B. Cornelison,&nbsp;Jessica K. Juarez","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The skillset of a biological anthropologist is applicable to medico legal death investigation. Among the specialists that examine the human body in a forensic context, biological anthropologists are uniquely skilled to derive information from the scarcest of physical materials. Given the high level of skill and experience required, the forensic specialization within biological anthropology necessitates an extended course of education and training especially pertaining to the interpretation of skeletal trauma, scientific identification, and recovery methods. In addition to providing guidance for trainees and educators, published standards legitimize the specialization and facilitate the evaluation of forensic anthropology expertise by peer professionals (e.g., forensic pathologists, law enforcement, and judges). A young discipline, forensic anthropology was only acknowledged as a specialization by the American Academy of Forensic Sciences in 1972. Over the past 50 years, forensic anthropologists have worked to professionalize the discipline, including standardization of education and training requirements. Achieving consensus on these standards has, and will continue to be, a dynamic process as improved technology and research improve practice. This manuscript presents the current state of the discipline and the varied ways forensic anthropology practitioners have been educated and trained. We argue that there is a consensus on minimum education and training requirements for a forensic anthropologist, especially with respect to analytical skills. However, the discourse around professionalism and personal growth is less robust. In a position that requires intensive inter-disciplinary communication and collaboration, a lack of attention to training in professionalism writ large is a serious gap; therefore, we propose immersive postdoctoral fellowships and other similar training in the Medical Examiner/Coroner setting to gain expertise in this specialization. Supervision of a senior forensic anthropologist is necessary not only to hone analytical skills and gain experience through exposure to a variety of cases but also to teach professionalism. Over time, we expect that this model will promote the value of forensic anthropological expertise and, by extension, their integration in the offices of the Medical Examiner in the future. Thus, the Forensic Anthropology Postdoctoral Fellowship is introduced here as a model for advanced training in forensic anthropology.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Spatio-Temporal Survey of How Social Dynamics Shape the Genetics of Human Populations. Review of: Inequality: A Genetic History. By Carles Lalueza-Fox, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2022. pp. 261. $22.95 (hardcover). ISBN: 978-0-26-236917-6","authors":"Cristian Capelli","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Origin of Superficial Bone Changes in Qafzeh 9 Skull (Middle Paleolithic, Southwestern Asia): Contribution of Three-Dimensional Imaging","authors":"Dany Coutinho-Nogueira,&nbsp;Hélène Coqueugniot,&nbsp;Anne-marie Tillier","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Deciphering the origins of bone alterations is crucial in paleoanthropology for understanding biological variation and distinguishing between taphonomy, normal anatomy, growth-related changes, and pathological conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Qafzeh 9, an early anatomically modern human from Lower Galilee, exhibits three alterations on its frontal bone: a circular lacuna, two parallel grooves, and a flattening near the superior temporal line. Micro-CT images and 3D reconstructions complement macroscopic observations to determine the etiologies of these features.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analysis reveals that one of them, the flattening near the superior temporal line, is associated with changes in the diploë.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from four recent modern human samples show that this feature is present in all non-adult individuals and suggests that the flattening and thinning of the diploë may be related to growth patterns and dental changes. Our results bring new insights for the development of methodologies for age estimation based on frontal bone. This study also enhances our understanding of intra-site variability at Qafzeh and provides a better understanding of the biological diversity and growth patterns among early anatomically modern humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsistence and Behavioral Variation in the Neolithic Meuse Basin (BE): Insights From Dental Collections","authors":"Ijk van Hattum,&nbsp;Joel D. Irish,&nbsp;Isabelle De Groote","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to investigate the Neolithic subsistence and population diversity in the 4th and 3rd millennia <span>bce</span> within Belgium's Meuse basin. The main objectives are to shed light on lifeways and cultural differences among groups known from collective cave burials. It focuses on dietary habits and behavioral practices through dental anthropology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Commingled dental collections from four cave sites (Ben Ahin, La Faucille, Maurenne, and Bois Madame) were analyzed. A total of 1916 permanent teeth were examined for various oral conditions, including caries, calculus, dental wear patterns, trauma, and chipping.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oral health conditions and dental wear patterns were in line with those associated with terrestrial diets and farming-related subsistence. Inter-site comparisons revealed significant variability in dental indicators of diet, health, and behavior between groups. Variations were found in caries and calculus prevalence. Also, significant differences in chipping and extra-masticatory wear are evident.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings support hypotheses of agricultural subsistence and provide evidence for group differentiation. Distinct habits for food processing or material cultures were evident among populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights inter-site variations within four Neolithic cave burials in the Belgian Meuse basin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of Lifeways in Early Antillean Societies: A Multi-Isotope Approach","authors":"Yadira Chinique de Armas,&nbsp;William Mark Buhay,&nbsp;Ulises Miguel González Herrera,&nbsp;Silvia Teresita Hernández Godoy,&nbsp;Jorge Fernando Garcell Domínguez,&nbsp;Luis Manuel Viera Sanfiel,&nbsp;José Armando Caraballo Yera,&nbsp;Mirjana Roksandic,&nbsp;Jason Laffoon","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, we sought to examine whether people with different lifeways, as evidenced by their mobility patterns and dietary practices, inhabited the Antilles in early precolonial time. We also aimed to explore spatiotemporal trends.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>New and previously published enamel strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope data were combined with bone apatite carbon and bone collagen carbon and nitrogen isotope data to assess the mobility and diet of 146 individuals from eight early precolonial sites from Cuba.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At least three patterns of mobility, associated with different dietary signals, were identified. In contrast with the low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and <i>δ</i>¹³C_en variability found in Canímar Abajo (CA) between <span>bce</span> 1320 and 807, more variability in dietary practices and higher mobility was apparent in later groups. Between <span>bce</span> 116 and 241 <span>ce</span>, individuals from Playa del Mango showed high mobility within the Cauto region, likely associated with food procurement between inland and coastal areas. From at least 174 <span>ce</span>, a moderate pattern of mobility and a diversity of dietary traditions could be observed among groups from western sites. At least three general dietary patterns were observed, ranging from a 100% C₃ diet to 70:30 C₃/C₄ and, in the case of CA, a higher dependence on marine/C₄ resources.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The differences observed in both mobility and diet between and within populations support the notion that groups with different lifeways inhabited the Antilles in precolonial times. This diverse mosaic of cultural traits defies attempts to group them into broad categories for regional studies of biological and cultural traits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape-Scale Effects of Season and Predation Risk on the Terrestrial Behavior of Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus)","authors":"Philippa Hammond,&nbsp;Kaitlyn Gaynor,&nbsp;Tara Easter,&nbsp;Dora Biro,&nbsp;Susana Carvalho","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>“Terrestrial” primates are not common nor well defined across the order. In those species that do use the ground, terrestriality is rarely documented outside daylight hours. Predation risk is thought to have shaped conserved behaviors like primates' selection of arboreal sleep sites, but it is less clear—particularly at the landscape scale—how predation risk interacts with other ecological and seasonal variables to drive terrestriality. This camera trapping study investigates patterns in terrestrial behavior both spatially and temporally across neighboring populations of chacma baboons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We use camera trap data from two terrestrial grids, one established within and one outside the boundaries of Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique. We model how baboon terrestrial activity varies with woody cover, proximity to water, season, anthropogenic variables, as well as predation risk. We also model how terrestrial activity varies across the diel cycle and use overlap analyses to explore differences in the baboon populations' activity patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We find no significant predictors of geospatial variation in the terrestrial activity of baboons across each grid but do find evidence of higher terrestrial activity in the late dry season. We also find significantly different diel patterns of baboon activity detected across each grid.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Baboons likely use the ground more in the dry season for accessing water and resources when arboreal foods are less abundant. Diel variation between the two populations suggests that baboons might utilize the ground more during “riskier” crepuscular and nocturnal hours where leopards are not present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}