American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"The Fossil Record of Anthropoid Brain Evolution","authors":"Richard F. Kay,&nbsp;E. Christopher Kirk,&nbsp;Sergio F. Vizcaino,&nbsp;M. Susana Bargo,&nbsp;Kari L. Allen,&nbsp;Selby Olson,&nbsp;Paul E. Morse","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines brain evolution in early fossil anthropoids using virtual reconstructions of endocranial morphology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimated the size of the brain and the proportions of its components using new estimates of body mass and a broad sample of virtual endocasts of extant primates and Oligocene–mid-Miocene anthropoids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brain size relative to body mass and brain proportions relative to brain size were evaluated. Compared with body mass, (1) Brain size enlargement has occurred convergently in many anthropoid lineages. (2) Tarsiers and anthropoids evolved smaller olfactory bulbs and larger neocortices than strepsirrhines. (3) Enlargement of tarsier and anthropoid non-frontal regions (occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes), not of the frontal lobe, accounts for larger neocortex size. Considering brain proportions relative to brain size yields similar findings: (1) Tarsiers and extant and fossil anthropoids have smaller olfactory bulbs and larger neocortices than strepsirrhines. (2) Tarsier and anthropoid neocortical expansion occurred principally in regions where visual signals are processed. (3) Correspondingly, species with relatively more visual input also have larger non-frontal neocortex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shifts in brain proportions found in the stem anthropoid <i>Simonsius</i>, and stem platyrrhines and catarrhines were established before brain enlargement. The neocortex was enlarged, with disproportionate expansion of regions where visual signals are processed, emphasizing the heightened importance of the haplorhine visual system. Depending on the phylogenetic position of omomyoid haplorhines, large shifts in neocorticalization either occurred separately in stem tarsiids and anthropoids or once in the stem lineage leading to tarsiids and anthropoids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human, Animal, or Mineral? Ethical Considerations for Studies of Fossilized Hominin Remains","authors":"Thomas H. Champney,&nbsp;Heather F. Smith,&nbsp;Sabine Hildebrandt,&nbsp;Jon Cornwall","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ethical considerations around research and education with modern human subjects, use of human tissue, and studies involving humans are ubiquitous within the global scientific community. This commentary explores considerations around how and whether these types of ethical considerations may apply to hominin fossils. While some might propose that the age of a fossil could be the basis for decisions around their ethical handling, it may be that characteristics or behaviors of the hominins are a more appropriate measure to determine their ethical status. These types of ethical considerations have recently been examined in other historical human tissues, such as mummies and ancient DNA, with these ethical explorations being driven by a recognition of evolving ethical perspectives around the world. Thus, there is both the precedent and stimulus for the paleoanthropology community to revisit current ethical practices within the profession. Doing so would help identify and establish standards that are reflective of global perspectives around the contemporary ethical management of hominin fossils, and potentially assist in aligning these practices with other disciplines that work with both hominin fossils and human tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trabecular Architecture of the Proximal Tibia in Extant Hominids","authors":"Andrea Lukova,&nbsp;Sebastian Bachmann,&nbsp;Alexander Synek,&nbsp;Dieter H. Pahr,&nbsp;Brandon Kilbourne,&nbsp;Christopher J. Dunmore,&nbsp;Tracy L. Kivell,&nbsp;Matthew M. Skinner","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extant humans and non-human apes are characterized by diverse locomotor and postural behaviors, resulting in different joint loading patterns. These behaviors influence trabecular bone, which responds to mechanical loading and joint posture. While prior studies have examined femoral trabecular structure, this study is the first to assess trabecular architecture in the proximal tibia across extant hominoids to evaluate how differences in joint use and posture are reflected in tibial morphology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyze trabecular structure in the proximal tibiae of <i>Homo sapiens</i> (<i>n</i> = 25), <i>Gorilla</i> (<i>n</i> = 13), <i>Pan troglodytes</i> (<i>n</i> = 15) and <i>Pongo</i> sp. (<i>n</i> = 7). Each tibia was scanned using high-resolution microtomography, and cortical and trabecular bone were isolated from each other. Canonical holistic morphometric analysis was used to quantify trabecular bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy. Spatial distributions of these variables were compared across taxa using principal component analysis, and group differences were assessed with multivariate analysis of variance and pairwise tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results show that trabecular bone volume and anisotropy reflect habitual knee posture: extended in bipedal <i>Homo</i>, and flexed in non-human apes. In <i>Gorilla</i>, males exhibit more extended knee use than females, while no significant sex differences were observed in <i>Homo</i> or <i>Pan</i> (sex differences in <i>Pongo</i> were not tested due to sample limitations).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We demonstrate that the trabecular structure of the proximal tibia is consistent with habitual locomotor loading in extant hominids, which provides the comparative context to interpret knee posture, biomechanical loading, and predominant locomotor behaviors in fossil hominids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baboons at a Crossroads: Hybridisation Events and Genomic Links of Central Mozambique's Baboons With Papio Neighbors","authors":"Matteo Caldon,&nbsp;Giacomo Mercuri,&nbsp;Giacomo Mutti,&nbsp;Maria Joana Ferreira da Silva,&nbsp;Felipe I. Martinez,&nbsp;Cristian Capelli","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hybridisation plays a critical role in species evolution and is widespread among primates, particularly in the genus <i>Papio</i>. Several baboon hybridisation zones have been identified in Africa, with Gorongosa National Park in Mozambique being notable for chacma baboons exhibiting phenotypic and genomic traits of both chacma and yellow baboons. This study builds on earlier research by leveraging new genomic data to refine our understanding of the relationships between Central Mozambique baboons and other baboon populations, focusing on chacma, yellow, and kinda baboons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed uniparental genetic markers alongside autosomal and X chromosome variants, incorporating unpublished low-coverage genomes from fecal samples collected in Central Mozambique. These data were compared with the broader genomic landscape of <i>Papio</i> baboons based on recent surveys.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis of uniparental markers suggests a time to the most recent common ancestor of less than 200kya for chacma baboons in Zambia and Gorongosa, with both lineages sharing a node with yellow baboons from Tanzania less than 1 Mya. Genomic analyses indicate introgression in Central Mozambique and Zambia chacmas likely originated from populations closer to eastern rather than western Tanzanian yellow baboons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings reveal yellow baboon introgression in Central Mozambique chacmas, confirming this being a region hosting baboons with complex ancestry composition. Broader genomic surveys across Mozambique are necessary to uncover the population structure and evolutionary history of chacmas in this area, as well as the role of this region as a biodiversity crossroads for primates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compartmentalization Index: Description and Applications in Anthropological Studies","authors":"José M. López-Rey,&nbsp;Óscar Cambra-Moo,&nbsp;Daniel García-Martínez","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cross-sectional area occupied by mineralized tissues is so high in non-adult individuals that linear methods provide limited information about its variation along their bones. This issue can be addressed using the compartmentalization index, a non-linear index that amplifies differences in cross sections with more than 90% of the mineralized area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We selected five femur diaphyseal cross sections of 35 non-adult <i>Homo sapiens</i> individuals from perinatal to 5 years old. Then we measured the percentage of mineralized area of each section and calculated the corresponding compartmentalization index. Subsequently, the distribution of both measurements was graphically tested.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As expected, variations of femur diaphyseal mineralized areas are visually magnified using the compartmentalization index for values exceeding 90%, but the significance of statistical comparisons between groups is not affected. This makes the index particularly useful for exploring subtle variations in the early stages of growth and development. In addition, we found that using either the compartmentalization index or direct percentage measurements is equally effective for cross sections with lower mineralized area, as the data distributions are comparable. This also allows applying the compartmentalization index in research focused exclusively on adult individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Late Pleistocene Human Pedal Phalanx From the Pinnacle Point PP5-6N Rock-Shelter, Western Cape Province, South Africa","authors":"Adrián Pablos,&nbsp;Frederick E. Grine,&nbsp;Naomi Cleghorn,&nbsp;Katherine Elmes,&nbsp;Carrie S. Mongle,&nbsp;Curtis W. Marean","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides the description and comparative morphometric analysis of a non-hallucial distal pedal phalanx (PP 654270) excavated from near the base of the LBSR Stratigraphic Aggregate in the Pinnacle Point PP5-6N rock-shelter. It derives from a thin combustion feature (probably an in situ hearth) at the contact of two major stratigraphic aggregates, the transition of which has a modeled age range of 91.9–86.0 ka, which places this fossil in MIS 5b.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This phalanx (PP 654270) is assessed as representing a distal phalanx probably from the right side of Ray II or III. This bone adds to the very meager sample of pedal phalanges from the late Pleistocene of southern Africa. We compared the metric variables of this phalanx to several fossil and recent <i>Homo</i> samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The bone has a comparatively thin cortex and a diffuse trabecular network in the proximal and especially the distal ends. The phalanx is long, narrow, and relatively gracile in comparison to Neandertal homologues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The phalanx PP 654270 displays similarities with penecontemporaneous Eurasian Middle Paleolithic and recent modern humans, although it tends to be comparatively long for Ray II and III homologues in these samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Anatomical Network Analysis of Chimpanzee and Human Craniocerebral Topology","authors":"Tim Schuurman,&nbsp;Emiliano Bruner","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examine which structural components are fundamental in the craniocerebral spatial arrangement of chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>, Blumenbach 1776) and humans, contrast underlying phenotypic patterns of spatial variation and try to comprehend how these structural components and phenotypic patterns might have influenced the evolution of brain morphology in the two lineages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A chimpanzee craniocerebral network (126 nodes and 539 edges) is introduced and compared with a prior human model by means of network analysis. Network analysis considers both local and global parameters of systems and can assess spatial constraints due to physical interactions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The chimpanzee craniocerebral system exhibits (1) a structurally relevant inferior-medial region which might be suggested to constrain morphological evolution; (2) efficient diffusion of information, an essential aspect of morphological variability in terms of plasticity; and (3) the concurrence of a longitudinal and a vertical modular partition, indicative of the cranial constraints imposed on cerebral topology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The craniocerebral systems of both species display many similarities, which probably trace back to their Last Common Ancestor (LCA), 7–10 million years ago. Nevertheless, some differences are also found. The ethmoid bone's contribution to craniocerebral integration, specifically, is exceptional in humans but modest in chimpanzees, possibly due to differences in the growth process of the face. Another difference lies in their modularity: in chimpanzees, the frontal bone is lumped together with other elements of the calvaria and with the brain, whereas in humans, it participates in the facial block, probably owing to the relatively anterior position of the frontal bone in this species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing Human Diversity in South America's Southern Cone: Linguistic, Morphometric, and Genetic Perspectives\u0000 Explorando la Diversidad Humana en el Cono Sur de América del Sur: Perspectivas Lingüísticas, Morfométricas y Genéticas","authors":"Lumila Paula Menéndez,&nbsp;Matthias Urban","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studying the relationship between biological and cultural diversity can lead to rich insights into human history. South America has been relatively neglected in this kind of work, even though it intriguingly exhibits unexpectedly high biological and cultural diversity. Here, we focus on a particularly understudied part of the continent, the Southern Cone, and examine linguistic, craniometric, and genetic variation across five groups: Selk'nam, Qawaskar, Mapuche, Kunza, and Qom.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrieved craniometric and genetic data from public databases and coded linguistic data capturing variation in sound systems and grammatical structures specifically for this study. We calculated distance matrices (Mahalanobis, Jaccard, F_ST) and compared them using partial Mantel, Procrustes analysis, and multidimensional scaling in R.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Selk'nam and Qawaskar exhibit the strongest linguistic and craniometric similarities, likely due to geographic proximity, while Mapuche and Qom are the most genetically similar, reflecting recent migrations. Consistent with global studies, we observed a statistically significant correlation between the relatively plastic cranial vault morphology and the quickly evolving linguistic variables. Genetic variability was moderately related to geography, while the weakest correlation was found between the temporal bone morphology and genetic variation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although this study is limited by a small sample size and requires further research validation with larger datasets, our findings highlight the importance of integrating multiple datasets to better understand the interplay between biological and cultural diversity in shaping human history. Our findings also indicate that structural linguistic data help reconstruct population history, particularly at recent and intermediate scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover & Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24967","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24967","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toothnroll: An R Package for Landmarking, Measuring, and Mapping Dental Tissues of Hominoid Anterior Teeth","authors":"Antonio Profico,&nbsp;Mathilde Augoyard,&nbsp;Clément Zanolli,&nbsp;Priscilla Bayle","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present <i>Toothnroll</i>, a new R package for landmarking, measuring and mapping dental tissues of hominoid anterior teeth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The required inputs include 3D meshes of enamel, dentine, and pulp, a drawn cervical outline, and six landmarks along the cervical line, root apex, and dentine horn tip. <i>Toothnroll</i> is customizable and includes an R function (<i>ToothAlignment</i>) for model alignment. The <i>ToothCore</i> and <i>ToothShape</i> functions slice the dental meshes and extract coordinates of evenly spaced semilandmarks from the aligned 3D dental meshes. These coordinates are used to unroll tooth tissues to create 2D morphometric maps, using the <i>Tooth2Dmap</i> function. <i>ToothVolumes</i> calculates crown and root tissue volumes. Application of <i>Toothnroll</i> to post-canine teeth and inherent methodological limitations are addressed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We apply <i>Toothnroll</i> to a modern human central incisor to demonstrate its utility in extracting linear, volumetric, and topographic dental measurements. To evaluate its applicability in paleobiology, we conduct two case studies: (1) the unrolling of the entire anterior dentition of a modern human individual and (2) the comparison of dental tissue measurements and topographic distribution between male and female human upper canines. <i>Toothnroll</i> is also suitable for analyzing anterior dentition with varying degrees of root curvature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Toothnroll,</i> a package developed in the open-source R environment, integrates key methodologies in dental anthropology. These include tooth alignment and sectioning, linear, and volumetric dental measurements, and morphometric mapping of enamel and dentine. Using <i>Toothnroll</i> could significantly enhance our understanding of the evolutionary and functional factors affecting endostructural organization of anterior dentition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"187 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}