American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"The history of the Vienna Protocol on dealing with Holocaust era human remains and its resonance with ethical considerations in African American bioarcheology.","authors":"Sabine Hildebrandt","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Vienna Protocol on How to Deal with Holocaust Era Human Remains describes what to do when possibly Jewish human remains are found. Based on Jewish medical ethics, it responds to the 2014-2017 discoveries of human remains stemming from biomedical contexts of the Nazi period. Among the finding sites were the Dahlem campus of the Free University of Berlin, the Medical University of Strasbourg, and Max Planck Institute archives. The Vienna Protocol is unique among similar recommendations on Nazi era human remains in its representation of the voices of those who suffered violence and were targeted as victims by Nazi persecution. In addition to discussing the ethics of dealing with physical human remains, these recommendations address the use of images (i.e., visual data) from the bodies of victims of Nazi violence. This paper presents the historical background of the Vienna Protocol and its impact. It also offers a first analysis as to why, at the time of the protocol's formulation, its authors were unaware of its resonance with ethical considerations from African American bioarcheology and a new ethical culture in bioanthropology. Potential reasons for this disconnect may include the historic marginalization of the voices of black scholars in anthropology within the wider scientific community. However, more detailed studies are needed to analyze similarities and differences between the histories and continuities of antisemitism and racism in Europe and the U.S.A., and their ties with scientific theories and practices of disciplines that gain knowledge from human remains.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140029136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear enamel hypoplasia in Homo naledi reappraised in light of new Retzius periodicities","authors":"Mark Fretson Skinner,&nbsp;Lucas Kyle Delezene,&nbsp;Matthew M. Skinner,&nbsp;Patrick Mahoney","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24927","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24927","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among low-latitude apes, developmental defects of enamel often recur twice yearly, linkable to environmental cycles. Surprisingly, teeth of <i>Homo</i> <i>naledi</i> from Rising Star in South Africa (241–335 kya), a higher latitude site with today a single rainy season, also exhibit bimodally distributed hypoplastic enamel defects, but with uncertain timing and etiology. Newly determined Retzius periodicities for enamel formation in this taxon enable a reconstruction of the temporal patterning of childhood stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using high resolution casts of 31 isolated anterior teeth from <i>H</i>. <i>naledi</i>, 82 enamel defects (linear enamel hypoplasia [LEH]) were identified. Seventeen teeth are assigned to three individuals. Perikymata in the occlusal wall of enamel furrows and between the onsets of successive LEH were visualized with scanning electron microscopy and counted. Defects were measured with an optical scanner. Conversion of perikymata counts to estimates of LEH duration and inter-LEH interval draws upon Retzius periodicities of 9 and 11 days.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anterior teeth record more than a year of developmental distress, expressed as two asymmetric intervals centered on 4.5 and 7.5 months bounded by three LEH. Durations, also, show bimodal distributions, lasting 3 or 12 weeks. Short duration LEH are more severe than long duration. Relative incisor/canine rates of formation are indistinguishable from modern humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We invoke a disease and dearth model, with short episodes of distress reflecting onset of disease in young infants, lasting about 3 weeks, followed by a season of undernutrition, possibly intensified by secondary plant compounds, spanning about 12 weeks, inferably coincident with austral winter.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24927","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover & Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140016437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information – Table of Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24768","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140016452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head circumference at birth and postnatal growth trajectory in vulnerable groups from Argentina","authors":"Tomás González Garello,&nbsp;Jimena Barbeito-Andrés,&nbsp;Adriana Pérez,&nbsp;Gerardo Cueto,&nbsp;Pablo Nuñez,&nbsp;Noelia Bonfili,&nbsp;Paula Gonzalez","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24921","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24921","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the association between the anthropometric status at birth and brain and bone growth during the first year of life. According to the brain-sparing hypothesis, we expect catch-up to be faster in head circumference (HC) than in body length.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a longitudinal design that included Argentinian infants under 12 months of age with at least three anthropometric records. We classified study participants into four growth status categories according to <i>z</i>-scores for HC (HCZ) and length (LAZ) at birth, with <i>z</i>-score = −2 as a threshold. We used the Count model to describe growth trajectories in HC and length in the first year of life according to the growth status at birth. Recovery indicator for HC and length was taken as the time until the predicted growth trajectory surpassed the threshold curve predicted by <i>z</i>-score = −2 for age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Growth models included 3399 infants. There were significant differences in the growth parameters between groups in all cases (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Within the group with a low HCZ and a low LAZ at birth, HC recovery was faster than length. In the case of a low <i>z</i>-score for only one of the variables, newborns with a low HCZ recovered faster than individuals born with a low LAZ.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The postnatal growth pattern in HC and length is associated with the growth status of HC and length at birth. As we hypothesized, the fastest postnatal recovery occurs for HC in cases of intrauterine delayed growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Masticatory habits of the adult Neanderthal individual BD 1 from La Chaise-de-Vouthon (France)","authors":"María Hernaiz-García,&nbsp;Clément Zanolli,&nbsp;Laura Martín-Francés,&nbsp;Arnaud Mazurier,&nbsp;Stefano Benazzi,&nbsp;Rachel Sarig,&nbsp;Jing Fu,&nbsp;Ottmar Kullmer,&nbsp;Luca Fiorenza","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24926","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24926","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis of dental wear provides a useful approach for dietary and cultural habit reconstructions of past human populations. The analysis of macrowear patterns can also be used to better understand the individual chewing behavior and to investigate the biomechanical responses during different biting scenarios. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diet and chewing performance of the adult Neanderthal Bourgeois-Delaunay 1 (BD 1) and to investigate the relationship between wear and cementum deposition under mechanical demands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The macrowear pattern of BD 1 was analyzed using the occlusal fingerprint analysis method. We propose a new method for the bilateral measurement of the cementum volume along both buccal and lingual sides of the molar root.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BD 1's anterior dentition is more affected by wear compared to the posterior one. The macrowear pattern suggest a normal chewing behavior and a mixed-diet coming from temperate environments. The teeth on the left side of the mandible display greater levels of wear, as well as the buccal side of the molar crowns. The cementum analysis shows higher buccal volume along the molar roots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BD1 could have been preferably chewing on the left side of the mandible. The exploitation of various food resources suggested by the macrowear analysis is compatible with the environmental reconstructions. Finally, the greater wear on the buccal side of the molar occlusal surface and the greater volume of cementum in that side of the molar roots offers a preliminary understanding about the potential correlation between dental wear and cementum deposition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139991298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Death in the high mountains: Evidence of interpersonal violence during Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age at Roc de les Orenetes (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain)","authors":"Miguel Ángel Moreno-Ibáñez,&nbsp;Palmira Saladié,&nbsp;Iván Ramírez-Pedraza,&nbsp;Celia Díez-Canseco,&nbsp;Juan Luis Fernández-Marchena,&nbsp;Eni Soriano,&nbsp;Eudald Carbonell,&nbsp;Carlos Tornero","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24909","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24909","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To test a hypothesis on interpersonal violence events during the transition between Chalcolithic and Bronze Age in the Eastern Pyrenees, to contextualize it in Western Europe during that period, and to assess if these marks can be differentiated from secondary funerary treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metric and non-metric methods were used to estimate the age-at-death and sex of the skeletal remains. Perimortem injuries were observed and analyzed with stereomicroscopy and confocal microscopy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the minimum of 51 individuals documented, at least six people showed evidence of perimortem trauma. All age groups and both sexes are represented in the skeletal sample, but those with violent injuries are predominantly males. Twenty-six bones had 49 injuries, 48 of which involved sharp force trauma on postcranial elements, and one example of blunt force trauma on a cranium. The wounds were mostly located on the upper extremities and ribs, anterior and posterior. Several antemortem lesions were also documented in the assemblage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The perimortem lesions, together with direct dating, suggest that more than one episode of interpersonal violence took place between the Late Chalcolithic and the Early Bronze Age in northeastern Spain. The features of the sharp force trauma indicate that different weapons were used, including sharp metal objects and lithic projectiles. The Roc de les Orenetes assemblage represents a scenario of recurrent lethal confrontation in a high mountain geographic context, representing the evidence of inferred interpersonal violence located at the highest altitude settings in the Pyrenees, at 1836 meters above sea level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139984055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism in the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of permanent canines of European modern humans","authors":"Cecilia García-Campos,&nbsp;Cecilia Yacobi Izquierdo,&nbsp;Mario Modesto-Mata,&nbsp;Laura Martín-Francés,&nbsp;Marina Martínez de Pinillos,&nbsp;María Martinón-Torres,&nbsp;Bernárdo Perea Perez,&nbsp;José María Bermúdez de Castro,&nbsp;Daniel García-Martínez","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24913","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24913","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dental anthropological investigations into sexual dimorphism have conventionally concentrated on evaluating the dimensions and configuration of the enamel cap of canines. However, the morphology of the crown dentine surface can be closely linked to that of the enamel surface. This link can facilitate examination of crown morphology even when the enamel surface is slightly worn. Here, we determine if the morphology of the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) differs within (maxillary vs. mandibular) and between a sample of male (<i>n</i> = 26) and female (<i>n</i> = 21) contemporary human permanent canines from Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The morphological data of the EDJ were gathered employing a template comprising 96 landmarks and sliding semilandmarks. Subsequently, the data underwent analysis through form space principal component analysis following Procrustes registration, utilizing standard 3D geometric morphometric techniques.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant differences in the morphology of the EDJ were observed between the sexes, particularly concerning the overall shape of the crown, the symmetry of the mesial and distal edges, and the development of the distal accessory ridge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sex differences in the morphology of the EDJ could relate in part to retention of the canine-premolar honing complex in males. Our results indicate that analyses of the permanent canine EDJ may potentially provide a novel method for estimating the sex of adult and nonadult skeletons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trouble in paradise. Legacy review of: War before civilization. By Lawrence H. Keeley, New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 1996. xiv + 245 pp. ISBN: 0-19-509112-4 (hardback)","authors":"George R. Milner","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24924","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24924","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Only occasionally, does a book catalyze a field of study—Larry Keeley's (<span>1996</span>) <i>War Before Civilization</i> is one of that rare breed. For several decades leading up to the 1990s, archaeologists in the English-speaking world, especially North America, paid scant attention to conflict involving the prestate, kin-based societies that characterized the great majority of human existence. That is not true today. Warfare has emerged as a major focus of research, with much of the recent work consisting of detailed descriptions of skeletal trauma, defensive works, weapons, and conflict-related artwork. They far outnumber insightful excursions into conflict's role in past community life or the evolutionary processes that led to the world as we know it today.</p><p>The 1990s transformation—it centered on Keeley's (<span>1996</span>) book, as well as the work of a handful of other researchers (Haas &amp; Creamer, <span>1993</span>; Lambert, <span>1997</span>; LeBlanc, <span>1999</span>; Milner et al., <span>1991</span>; Wilcox &amp; Haas, <span>1994</span>)—boiled down to how archaeological data were perceived.¹ Blinkered by naively idyllic visions of life in distant times, it was once possible to ignore ethnographic and historical descriptions of conflict in places such as highland New Guinea (Heider, <span>1970</span>) and tropical lowland South America (Chagnon, <span>1968</span>, <span>1988</span>). Archaeological evidence of intergroup conflict, never in short supply, could be fobbed off as something else entirely, notably some form of otherwise unexplained ritual behavior. Interpretations owed more to researcher preconceptions than to what was actually observed.</p><p>Three decades ago, resistance to the thought that prestate societies were tainted by warfare was given intellectual heft by Ferguson and Whitehead's (<span>1992</span>, p. 3) “tribal zone.” Within that zone, people who had previously lived in harmony were reeling from direct and indirect contact with much larger, more powerful, and overtly exploitative nation states. This critique was part of a larger concern about the uncritical use of ethnographic and historical accounts as proxies for past societies known through artifacts, architectural features, and the like. Archaeologists were accordingly challenged to come up with their own data on interactions among societies classified as bands, tribes, and chiefdoms.² Baldly stated, 30 years ago it was not known whether these societies in precontact times regularly fought one another or not. Tarted up with modern language and sensitivities, ruminations about what took place were scarcely more than a reprise of a centuries-old debate over whether human existence was perpetual Hobbesian warre in the absence of “that great Leviathan called a Commonwealth, or State” or a Rousseauian Eden (Hobbes, <span>1962</span>[1651], p. 19). Keeley (<span>1996</span>, p. 18) believed archaeologists had “pacified the huma","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140427017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From such great heights: The effects of substrate height and the perception of risk on lemur locomotor mechanics","authors":"Nicole M. Schapker,&nbsp;Judith Janisch,&nbsp;Lydia C. Myers,&nbsp;Taylor Phelps,&nbsp;Liza J. Shapiro,&nbsp;Jesse W. Young","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24917","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.24917","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An accident during arboreal locomotion can lead to risky falls, but it remains unclear that the extent to which primates, as adept arborealists, change their locomotion in response to the perceived risk of moving on high supports in the tree canopy. By using more stable forms of locomotion on higher substrates, primates might avoid potentially fatal consequences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using high-speed cameras, we recorded the quadrupedal locomotion of four wild lemur species—<i>Eulemur rubriventer</i>, <i>Eulemur rufifrons, Hapalemur aureus, and Lemur catta</i> (<i>N =</i> 113 total strides). We quantified the height, diameter, and angular orientation of locomotor supports using remote sensors and tested the influence of support parameters on gait kinematics, specifically predicting that in response to increasing substrate height, lemurs would decrease speed and stride frequency, but increase stride length and the mean number of supporting limbs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lemurs did not adjust stride frequency on substrates of varying height. Adjustments to speed, stride length, and the mean number of supporting limbs in response to varying height often ran counter to predictions. Only <i>E. rubriventer</i> decreased speed and increased the mean number of supporting limbs on higher substrates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results suggest that quadrupedal walking is a relatively safe form of locomotion for lemurs, requiring subtle changes in gait to increase stability on higher—that is, potentially riskier—substrates. Continued investigation of the impact of height on locomotion will be important to determine how animals assess risk in their environment and how they choose to use this information to move more safely.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24917","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}