American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Comparing Methods for Calculating Cross-Sectional Properties From High-Resolution CT Scans in Dry Bone: The Case of the Non-Adult Femoral Midneck","authors":"Julia Muñoz-Guarinos,&nbsp;Rebeca García-González,&nbsp;José Miguel Carretero,&nbsp;Laura Rodríguez","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper explores the various protocols for deriving endosteal and periosteal contours of the femoral midneck cross-section in non-adult individuals using EPmacroJ.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed femoral midneck cross-sectional contours in a total sample of 55 femora belonging to medieval individuals ranging in age between 2 and 20 years. Femoral midneck cross-sections were taken on high-resolution CT images and analyzed by EPJMacro in FIJI. Cross-sectional properties were obtained from periosteal and endosteal contours derived by manual, automatic, spline, and ellipse techniques. Agreement between the manual and the other techniques was evaluated using percent prediction error (%PE) and following the Bland–Altman approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All the evaluated techniques used for deriving the periosteal and endosteal contours at the femoral midneck cross-section in non-adult individuals have proven to be interchangeable with manual processing, except for the spline technique for the endosteal contour. The narrowest limits of agreement were obtained for the total area, moderate limits of agreement were found for the cortical and medullary areas, and the widest limits of agreement were observed in the section moduli.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The automatic processing of the periosteal and endosteal contours shows a high level of agreement with the manual processing of both contours. Semi-automatic approaches (spline and ellipse) provide less agreement, especially in section moduli. This suggests that inaccuracies in deriving the endosteal contour significantly affect section moduli. The best approach for extracting the geometric properties of femoral midneck cross-sections is a combination of automatic and manual methods, although automatic methods alone are also effective.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Look at an Old Face: The Hoà Binh Late Pleistocene Pongo Skull and Other Faciodental Fragments From Breccia Caves in Vietnam—A Morphometric Assessment With Taxonomic Implications","authors":"David W. Cameron,&nbsp;Russell L. Ciochon,&nbsp;Vu The Long,&nbsp;Nguyen Anh Tuan","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The taxonomic status of the Middle and Late Pleistocene pongines from northern Vietnam remains obscure. Two current schemes dominate. The first has multiple species of <i>Pongo</i> and <i>Langsonia</i> occupying the region during the late Middle and Late Pleistocene. The second has just two species, with the large species <i>P. weidenreichi</i> from the Early to Late Pleistocene of China evolving into the smaller <i>P. devosi</i> from the Middle/Late Pleistocene transition. Here, we generate several multivariate analyses against the available faciodental specimens from present-day northern Vietnam to test these two schemes and assess the morphotypes of these specimens.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Discriminant factor and principal components analyses were both used against 51 extant hominids (<i>Pongo</i>, <i>Gorilla</i> and the two species of <i>Pan</i>) with 105 faciodental variables to examine the near-complete subfossil Hoà Binh skull. Additional fossils from the Late Pleistocene of this region were also analyzed. All specimens used were original.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conclude that there was a diverse range of <i>Pongo</i> species in the region of northern Vietnam. We recognize two large and two small species during the Late Pleistocene. One of the larger species occupied this region toward the end of the Late Pleistocene, thus refuting the chronospecies hypothesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggests the extinction of mainland <i>Pongo</i> species is associated with the rapid decline in habitat during the Late Pleistocene. Orangutan populations further south in Sumatra and Borneo (still then part of Mainland Asia) survived in safe havens of relic rainforests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energetic Value of Women's Work: Assessing Maternal Energetic Costs From Acorn Foraging","authors":"Alexandra Niclou,&nbsp;Alexandra Greenwald,&nbsp;Cara Ocobock","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Perceptions of female energetic contributions and their role in human evolution are limited. This exploratory study compares energy expenditure, return rate, and foraging efficiency between infant carrying methods in females simulating acorn foraging practices by Indigenous communities in western North America.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After resting metabolic rate (RMR) was collected, female volunteers (<i>n</i> = 6, age: 21–37) conducted three 1-h bouts of acorn foraging. First, volunteers foraged unloaded (control) while for the second and third bouts they foraged carrying a traditional basketry cradle or a chest sling (randomized order) with 4.5 kg sandbags. Energy expenditure (EE) was measured through indirect calorimetry, physical activity intensity was assessed using accelerometry, and foraging return rates (RR) were calculated after acorn processing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The inter-bout results are not statistically significant. Findings show, however, that foraging RR largely surpasses EE irrespective of infant carrying method. The cradle carrying technique resulted in the largest mean EE, yet it was more efficient than the sling-carrying method. Most of the time foraging was spent at moderate physical intensity, especially during cradle-carrying bouts compared to the sling-carrying and control groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This small exploratory study demonstrates the caloric contributions by and foraging efficiency of females. Our findings emphasize that child-carrying techniques using basketry cradles allow for improved efficiency in foraging returns compared to more commonly used slings. Our results reinforce previous findings of female foraging efficiency despite the energetic demands of infant carrying and emphasize the energetic contributions of females to human evolution even during child-rearing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Kinship Within a Late Meroitic to Medieval Cemetery in Sudan Using k-Modes Clustering\u0000 استكشاف صلة القرابة داخل مقبرة تعود الى الفترتين المروية المتأخرة والمسيحية في مود K السودان باستخدام تقنية تجميع البيانات ال","authors":"Brenda J. Baker,&nbsp;K. Godde,&nbsp;Jaime Ullinger","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70016","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intracemetery patterns at the Qinifab School site, a late Meroitic to Christian period cemetery (c. 250–1400 CE) between the fourth and fifth cataracts of the Nile River in Sudan, are modeled to explore the role of kinship in cemetery organization during significant sociopolitical and religious shifts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-eight cranial and 36 dental nonmetric traits were examined among 67 adults. A machine-learning clustering method (<i>k</i>-modes clustering algorithm), new to biological anthropology, was used to detect patterning among biological, demographic, and temporal data and validated with inter-individual Mahalanobis distances and mixed data principal components analysis using only biological data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When three validated clusters were examined, a pattern emerged that aligned with the archaeological context of the cemetery when time period is considered. One cluster concentrated at the oldest end of the site appeared to be a founding group, with the other two groups equally comprising later periods. Some mortuary patterning by sex was visually identified; a few late to Post-Meroitic males grouped together in one cluster.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals from Clusters 1 and 3 were buried near each other infrequently, which suggests two different kin groups may have intermarried with the third, or one group held a status that allowed identification with the other clusters. Kinship was not a determinant for males with archery items or individuals with incisor avulsion, as they were found in all three clusters. The Qinifab School cemetery reflects temporal organization, a multilocal residence pattern, and a lack of sex stratification for the medieval period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Craniometric Variation and the Ancestry of Modern Humans”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 Relethford, J. H. 2024. “Craniometric Variation and the Ancestry of Modern Humans.” <i>American Journal of Biological Anthropology</i> 185, no. 4: e25028.\u0000 </p><p>The scaling of the axes in Figure 4 is incorrect. The scaling is corrected in the revised figure. The interpretations given in the paper have not been changed.</p><p>I apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future of Forensic Anthropology Practice and Education: Competencies, Certification, and Licensure","authors":"Natalie R. Langley,&nbsp;MariaTeresa A. Tersigni-Tarrant,&nbsp;Nicholas V. Passalacqua,&nbsp;Christian M. Crowder,&nbsp;Heather M. Garvin,&nbsp;Wendy E. P. McQuade,&nbsp;Miriam Soto Martinez,&nbsp;Marin A. Pilloud","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forensic anthropology must embrace standards and credentialing that align with other medicolegal disciplines, such as forensic pathology and forensic odontology. This involves establishing itself more firmly as an essential specialty in the medicolegal system and limiting practice to qualified professionals. Without educational or professional requirements to practice forensic anthropology, the competencies of those involved in medicolegal cases vary, despite the potentially serious legal impact of errors. Negligent work can impede decedent identification or wrongly convict or free a suspect. Erroneous and unprofessional work also misrepresents the field and may deter agencies from utilizing forensic anthropologists. This commentary aims to convey the need to further professionalize forensic anthropology through the standardization of education, qualifications, and practice. Differences between certification and licensure and their implications are discussed. Recent and upcoming developments in the field highlight progress, including the development of a multi-level certification system and list of core competencies by the American Board of Forensic Anthropology (ABFA). Additionally, the Anthropology subcommittee of the Organization of Scientific Area Committees for forensic science (OSAC) is developing a standard for qualifications in forensic anthropology. These developments emphasize the importance of certification and standardization in education and training for the advancement of forensic anthropology. Standardization efforts such as these will foster a cohesive, respected practice to serve the evolving needs of the medicolegal system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Smile-Obates”: Permanent Dental Development in the White-Handed Gibbon (Hylobates lar carpenteri)","authors":"Zachary Cofran,&nbsp;Julia C. Boughner","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tooth formation is not as well known as eruption among the Hylobatidae. To expand knowledge of variability in dental development in hylobatids, we described the relative timing of upper and lower permanent tooth initiation, mineralization, and completion in the white-handed gibbon (<i>Hylobates lar carpenteri</i>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a wild-shot, known-sex sample of <i>H. lar carpenteri</i>, we micro-CT scanned 44 crania with permanent teeth forming, including a subset of 16 skulls with mandibles. We used these data to assess crypt, crown, and root formation. Each tooth received a dental score from 0 (no crypt initiation) to 12 (root apices closed). We used principal component and cluster analyses, among other tests, to examine variance and covariance among scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>First molar and central incisor formation was advanced over the rest of the dentition, while the premolars and second molar developed concurrently with one another. The canine crown initiated before the third molar yet reached root apical closure last. Overall patterns among dental scores were similar between upper and lower jaws, but the formation of lower anterior and premolar teeth was advanced by up to three formation stages. These patterns appeared invariant with respect to sex or pathology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>H. lar carpenteri</i> is characterized by relatively advanced central incisor formation, catch-up growth of the lateral incisor, and protracted canine development. Adjacent molar crown formation timing is staggered, as in other primates. The development of the relatively large canines in these short-faced apes highlights the myriad influences and competing demands on tooth formation and emergence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Globalization in the Early Modern Period: Isotopic Evidence of Maize Introduction and Dietary Diversification on Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain (16th–18th CE)","authors":"Jonathan Santana,&nbsp;Elías Sánchez Cañadillas,&nbsp;Jacob Morales,&nbsp;Aarón Morquecho Izquier,&nbsp;Aitor Brito Mayor,&nbsp;Eneko Iriarte,&nbsp;Rebeca García González,&nbsp;Jared Jiménez Mederos,&nbsp;María del Carmen Cruz de Mercadal,&nbsp;Marta Moreno-García,&nbsp;Amelia Rodríguez Rodríguez","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The European expansion of the Early Modern period led to unparalleled intercontinental plant and animal translocations. This study explores the dietary changes resulting from the movement of plants and animals, such as maize, into local diets beyond the Americas. The analysis focuses on the Canary Islands (Spain), which play a key role in the transatlantic trade network linking Europe, Africa, and America.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, stable isotope dietary (δ¹³C_collagen, δ¹⁵N_collagen, and δ¹³C_enamel) analyses of 66 human and 42 terrestrial animal samples from several sites in Gran Canaria, dated between the 16th and 18th centuries, were used to trace the introduction of nonnative C4 plants into the diet. Additionally, Bayesian modeling through FRUITS is applied to deepen our understanding of this dietary transition. This approach provides an evolutionary perspective on changes in dietary practices over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The isotopic data indicate a gradual increase in C4 plant consumption and evidence of manuring in cultivated fields from the 16th to the 18th centuries. This dietary shift, characterized by the introduction of new foodstuffs, is reflected in less negative carbon and elevated nitrogen isotope values in both human (δ¹³C_collagen, δ¹⁵N_collagen, and δ¹³C_enamel) and animal samples (δ¹³C_collagen and δ¹⁵N_collagen).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings suggest the slow yet progressive incorporation of C4 plants, most likely maize, into the local food system, which coincides with the introduction of other new crops, livestock, and innovative agricultural techniques such as manuring. This study thus offers a singular lens through which to view these early dietary shifts and the extensive effects of the global spread of crops and animals beyond their native territories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Maya Are a People of Movement: Reconstructing Shifts in Maya Mobility From Oxygen Isotopes Across Three Millenia at Santa Rita Corozal (Chactemal), Northern Belize","authors":"Angelina J. Locker,&nbsp;Diane Z. Chase,&nbsp;Arlen F. Chase,&nbsp;Adrian S. Z. Chase,&nbsp;Adela Pederson Vallejos,&nbsp;Genara Cano,&nbsp;Roy Rodriguez,&nbsp;To'one Masehualoon NGO,&nbsp;Melissa Badillo,&nbsp;Lilian J. Baker,&nbsp;Tiffiny A. Tung,&nbsp;Rick W. A. Smith","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70024","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Decades of archaeological and bioarchaeological research have demonstrated that ancient Maya cities underwent dynamic changes over time, including shifts in sociopolitical organization as well as their cultural and economic ties to other areas of Mesoamerica. Such transformations are often associated with the movement of people across and beyond the Maya world, but the relationship between temporary and permanent migrations and sociopolitical change is complex and differs over time and between contexts. At Santa Rita Corozal (Chactemal), archaeological evidence indicates that early phases were marked by ties to central Belize and the Petén, while later phases show ties to the Northern Lowlands of the Yucatán. Ethnohistoric records similarly document movements of people between these regions in relation to sociopolitical change prior to the Spanish Invasion and during the Spanish colonial era.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we reconstruct patterns of mobility at Santa Rita Corozal (SRC) using stable oxygen isotope data from the teeth and bones of 96 Maya Ancestors who span three millennia of continuous settlement from the Middle Preclassic (BCE 800–300) to the Late Postclassic (CE 1350–1532).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our data reveal non-locals in the Preclassic have δ18O values below the range for SRC, indicating they may have come from highland areas. Conversely, non-locals in the Postclassic have δ18O values above the local range, suggesting that they may have come from low-elevation areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These movements shed new light on the settlement and demographic history of SRC and help to inform the complex cultural, political, and economic ties evident in the archaeological and ethnohistoric records.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Challenges and Perspectives on the Long-Term Study and Curation of the Collection of Identified Human Skeletons Housed at the National Museum of Natural History and Science, Lisbon, Portugal","authors":"Hugo F. V. Cardoso,&nbsp;John Albanese,&nbsp;Yuliet Quintino","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.70028","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Almost 20 years ago, one of us (HC) published a paper in this journal raising international attention to a vast collection of identified human skeletons curated at the National Museum of Natural History, University of Lisbon, Portugal (Cardoso &lt;span&gt;2006a&lt;/span&gt;). The collection had enormous research potential due to its size and the quality of the documentary information associated with the skeletons. It was amassed between the late 1980s and 2004 by the late Luis Lopes and the first author, who was the &lt;i&gt;de facto&lt;/i&gt; curator between 1998 and 2011, and who further increased its potential when the juvenile component was expanded and developed (Cardoso &lt;span&gt;2006b&lt;/span&gt;). The collection grew from about 1500 individuals curated in 1998 to about 1800 individuals, with 1674 fully accessioned, by 2011 (Cardoso &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). The skeletons originated from unclaimed temporary secondary interments in the modern managed cemeteries of the city of Lisbon and were obtained with permission and in collaboration with municipality authorities. All individuals can be personally identified through a combination of burial, death, and birth records, but by 2011 this process had only been completed or completed partially for 912 of them (Cardoso &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). Most of the individuals in the collection lived and/or died in the city of Lisbon between 1850 and 1950. Due to its origins and background, this and other similar skeletal series can be described as cemetery-based skeletal reference collections, which are curated in institutions throughout Central and Southern Europe and Latin America (Cardoso &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). At the time of the publication of the 2006 paper (Cardoso &lt;span&gt;2006a&lt;/span&gt;), the collection as a whole still experienced significant challenges with conservation, and the National Museum of Natural History and Science in Lisbon undertook a substantial effort to address the most critical issues over the years. These issues with long-term conservation were made particularly urgent as the collection was increasingly sought after by both Portuguese and international researchers (Cardoso &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). For example, between 2001 and 2011, the collection was featured in more than 40 papers published in peer-reviewed journals, with about 80% being published since 2006.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two conservation and curation challenges that have had an impact on the integrity of the collection have become increasingly evident in recent years. The first of these concerns is the problem of dissociation. The second deals with conservation, particularly with the handling of juveniles. These challenges have resulted in a partial loss of information and a loss of skeletal elements, raising concerns about the collection's long-term future and ethical stewardship. In this letter, we provide recommendations for dealing with the dissociation and conservation problems for any data already collected and for future data collection, and we present suggestions for the long-","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}