American Journal of Biological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Relative facial width, and its association with canine size and body mass among chimpanzees and bonobos: Implications for understanding facial width-to-height ratio expression among human populations","authors":"Katharine L. Balolia,&nbsp;Kieran Baughan,&nbsp;Jason S. Massey","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25040","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) has been widely investigated in the context of its role in visual communication, though there is a lack of consensus about how fWHR serves as a social signal. To better understand fWHR variation in a comparative context, we investigate the associations between fWHR and canine crown height (CCH) and body mass, respectively, among two chimpanzee subspecies (<i>Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii</i>, <i>Pan troglodytes troglodytes</i>) and bonobos (<i>Pan paniscus</i>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collected landmark data from 3D surface models of 86 <i>Pan</i> cranial specimens to quantify fWHR and upper CCH, and to estimate body mass. We used Spearman's <i>r</i> and Kruskal-Wallis tests to test for significant relationships among variables, and to assess sexual dimorphism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is an inverse relationship between fWHR and CCH in both sexes of <i>Pan</i>, however there are interpopulation differences in the relationship between fWHR and CCH among <i>Pan</i> taxa. <i>Pan paniscus</i> have relatively wide faces and small canine crowns, and wide faces in <i>Pan t. schweinfurthii</i> males may be driven by body size constraints. <i>Pan troglodytes</i> and <i>Pan paniscus</i> show fWHR dimorphism, and <i>Pan paniscus</i> have significantly higher fWHRs than do either <i>Pan troglodytes</i> subspecies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings indicate that CCH and facial breadth may serve subtly different signaling functions among <i>Pan</i> taxa. Further research into the circumstances in which wide faces evolved among chimpanzees and bonobos will likely afford deeper insights into the function of relatively wide faces in the context of visual signaling among humans and our extinct hominin relatives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Middle Pleistocene teeth from Arbreda Cave (Serinyà, northeastern Iberian Peninsula)","authors":"Marina Lozano,&nbsp;Joaquim Soler,&nbsp;Diego López-Onaindia,&nbsp;Alba Solés,&nbsp;Ramon Julià,&nbsp;Dolors Ceperuelo,&nbsp;Carlos Lorenzo,&nbsp;Narcís Soler","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25037","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We report the discovery and description of three human teeth from the Middle Paleolithic archaeological levels of Arbreda Cave (Serinyà, Catalonia, NE Iberian Peninsula).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The teeth, two molars (one right dm₂ and one right M₂) from Level N (older than 120 kyr) and one P³ from Level J (dated between 71 and 44 kyr), were morphologically described based on microCT images and compared with Neanderthal and <i>Homo sapiens</i> specimens.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The teeth belong to a minimum of three individuals: one adult and one infant from Level N and one juvenile from Level J. The premolar from Mousterian Level J, the best preserved of the three teeth, exhibits characteristics to those from our comparative sample of <i>Homo neanderthalensis</i>, such as the crown measurements, EDJ traits, enamel thickness and volume of the pulp cavity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In contrast to the clear Neanderthal characteristics observed in the P³ from Level J, the high degree of dental wear and poor state of preservation precludes definitive taxonomic designations of the two teeth from Level N. However, the crown dimensions and some tissue proportions are consistent with a probable assignation to <i>Homo neanderthalensis</i>. The teeth from Level N come from a context of long and recurrent occupations of the cave, whereas the archaeological context of the tooth from Level J is indicative of short and seasonal occupations of the cave, which may indicate a change in the lifestyle strategies of the last Neanderthals of the Iberian Peninsula.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"185 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.25037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between cause of death and skeletal markers of physiological stress in the Hamann-Todd collection","authors":"Allyson M. Simon,&nbsp;Tempest D. Mellendorf,&nbsp;Colleen M. Cheverko,&nbsp;Melissa A. Clark,&nbsp;Mark Hubbe","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25041","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25041","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Socioeconomic status, past stress events, and other factors may contribute to the cumulative burden of physiological stress, which influences an individual's susceptibility to mortality and cause of death (COD). Here, we explore the association between skeletal evidence of stress and COD in the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection (HTOC), a predominantly low socioeconomic status sample from the late 19th and early 20th century.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Skeletal markers of stress including linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), stature, and antemortem tooth loss (AMTL) were analyzed in 298 individuals in the HTOC. Recorded CODs were grouped into six broad categories and contrasted with stress indicators, ages-at-death, and demographic variables, using various parametric and non-parametric statistical tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>COD varied by socially ascribed race and sex within the sample. Overall, infectious diseases were more prevalent than degenerative diseases. Individuals that died of infectious diseases had significantly lower ages-at-death compared to degenerative diseases (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). There was no association between LEH and COD (<i>χ</i>² = 4.449, <i>p</i> = 0.487). Stature varied significantly across COD categories for males (<i>F</i> = 2.534, <i>p</i> = 0.032), but not females (<i>F</i> = 1.733, <i>p</i> = 0.132). Controlling for age-at-death, AMTL prevalence was associated with COD (<i>H</i> = 18.53, <i>p</i> = 0.002), with cardiovascular disease being associated with higher prevalence of AMTL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings show that some skeletal stress indicators are associated with COD in the HTOC, but the causal pathways of these relationships are not clear. This study adds to growing bodies of literature exploring relationships between past stress events and susceptibility to mortality and long-term consequences of poor living conditions for past individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting the presence of different Retzius periodicities at the population level from repetitive linear enamel hypoplasia among Lufengpithecus lufengensis and Pongo pygmaeus","authors":"Mark Fretson Skinner,&nbsp;Xueping Ji","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reconstruction of life histories for fossil and living primates draws on rate of enamel layering, termed Retzius periodicity (RP in days) expressed as surface perikymata, during dental crown formation. Disclosure of RP through thin sectioning is destructive; consequently, sample sizes are inadequate to detect the range of RPs present in discrete taxa. We propose an additional method to detect RPs at the population level based on twice-yearly average recurrence of linear enamel hypoplasia (rLEH) in apes shown by prior studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Casts of teeth from orangutans (<i>Pongo pygmaeus</i>) (<i>n</i> = 40) and <i>Lufengpithecus lufengensis</i> (<i>n</i> = 57) from Late Miocene Shihuiba, China, (133 and 138 LEH, respectively) were recorded with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal microscopy to yield perikymata counts between episodes of LEH. Frequency distributions of aggregated perikymata counts between LEH were compared to frequency distribution of tooth-specific ratios of perikymata counts between successive LEH (this latter step removes effects of RP differences within a sample).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drawing on prior research, two successive intervals between LEH span 1 year on average. Ratios of successive to previous intervals between LEH show that orangutans and <i>Lufengpithecus</i> exhibit two asymmetric intervals centered on 5.3 and 6.7 months, likely reflecting the effect of axial tilt insolation on phenology. Estimated RPs are not unimodal but show a range from 7 to 12 in <i>Lufenpithecu</i>s and 8 to 11 in <i>Pongo</i>, comparable to published values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Repetitive LEH is sufficiently regular to detect additional RPs which, in the case of <i>Lufengpithecus</i>, have yet to be demonstrated histologically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"185 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.25014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isotopic evidence of diet breadth hunter-gatherers changes during the Holocene in the Central Pampean Dunefields (Argentina, South America)","authors":"Nahuel A. Scheifler,&nbsp;Pablo G. Messineo,&nbsp;Hervé Bocherens,&nbsp;Gustavo G. Politis","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25039","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on the analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of bone collagen, stable carbon isotopes of bone apatite and an extensive AMS dating series (~10,000–299 years cal BP), the human paleodiets of 34 individuals from the Central Pampean Dunefields (Argentina, South America) are evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data are interpreted from the isotopic ecology of animals with archaeofaunal evidence of consumption and isotopic models of human diet. Multivariate carbon and nitrogen stable isotope model and Bayesian stable isotope ellipses were used to interpret human diets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analysis of isotopic values indicates intake of enriched lipids and/or carbohydrates in relation to the proteins consumed throughout the Holocene. The isotopic values of Middle Holocene humans in relation to the values of exploited resources point out that individuals obtained protein mainly from guanaco. Subsequently, there was an increase in the human breadth diet during the Late Holocene, with a greater relevance of small prey of high trophic levels and vegetables. This contrasts with zooarchaeological information indicating generalist human diets during the Middle Holocene and specialized human diets in guanaco during the Late Holocene.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is proposed that during the Middle Holocene arid period, the combination of low human population density and high residential mobility in wide foraging ranges allowed the guanaco to be the main source of protein. During the Late Holocene humid period, there was an increase in human population density and a decrease in residential mobility, which caused greater pressure on foraging territories and increased dietary breadth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"185 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of relative lower-limb length on heat loss and body temperature during running","authors":"Michal Struška,&nbsp;Pavla Alexia Jarešová,&nbsp;Martin Hora,&nbsp;Cara Wall-Scheffler,&nbsp;Tomáš Michálek,&nbsp;Vladimír Sládek","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25036","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25036","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Long lower limbs relative to body size are thought to be an adaptation to prevent excessive increases in body temperature during running in hot climate. The advantage of long lower limbs relative to body size is usually explained by an increase in body surface area relative to mass; however, the influence of limb length on relative body surface area was shown to be minor. We aimed to experimentally test the effect of relative lower-limb length (LLL) on body temperature changes during running. Furthermore, we tested the effect of relative LLL on relative body surface area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adult men (<i>n</i> = 37) ran for 40 min on a treadmill, while their core temperature (ingestible thermometer), skin temperature (infrared thermography), and oxygen consumption (indirect calorimetry) were measured. Relative LLL was calculated as residuals from linear regression of LLL on stature. Linear regression was used to test the effect of relative LLL on standardized heat loss (heat loss/heat production), mean body temperature (weighted mean of skin and core temperatures), and body surface area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relative LLL had a positive effect on standardized heat loss and a negative effect on mean body temperature change during running. Relative LLL had a positive effect on the proportion of body surface area allocated to the lower limbs but not on the relative body surface area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reduced increase in mean body temperature associated with long lower limbs suggests an advantage of relatively long lower limbs for greater endurance and speed during persistence hunting or contemporary running events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"185 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.25036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover & Editorial Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"185 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.24781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden in plain text: Uncovering hidden heterogeneity and social stratification in Ireland AD 1150–1800","authors":"Melissa A. Clark,&nbsp;Debra Guatelli-Steinberg,&nbsp;Mark Hubbe,&nbsp;Ciarán McDonnell","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between the Irish late medieval (AD 1150–c.1550) (LMP) and post-medieval (AD c.1550–1800) (PMP) periods, colonial practices changed land ownership. Contextualizing these periods within a biocultural political economy framework supports increasing social inequality in the PMP, which we expect to be reflected in different skeletal markers of longevity and stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that widespread exposure to stressors and resource deprivation contributed to lower longevity in the PMP compared to the LMP, and that there would be greater variation between sites in the frequency of linear enamel hypoplasias (LEH) in the PMP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We estimated age and counted matched pairs of LEH on 526 adult skeletons from the Irish counties of Dublin, Kildare, Louth, and Meath. Age-at-death was compared through Kaplan–Meier survival functions and non-parametric tests. Linear enamel hypoplasias prevalences were analyzed with Mann–Whitney <i>U</i> tests and Generalized Linear Models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Age-at-death distribution changed between the LMP and PMP for males, with males experiencing an increase in median-age-at-death. The same was untrue for females, who show no changes in median age-at-death. Analysis of LEH frequency per individual showed that variation between sites was significant in the post-medieval period but not in the late medieval period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that social organization contributed to embodied health experiences that varied across time periods. Specifically, populations from the PMP appear to have embodied greater social inequality in their more varied susceptibility to stress. Our work demonstrates the strength of pairing historical texts with the analysis of skeletal remains to evaluate the impact of social structures on biological frailty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"185 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajpa.25034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical note: Measuring bicondylar length in computed tomography data","authors":"Kelly R. Kamnikar,&nbsp;Nicollette S. Appel,&nbsp;Rachel Menegaz,&nbsp;Tea Jashashvili,&nbsp;Ethan C. Hill,&nbsp;Heather J. H. Edgar","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.25032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the increased use of 3D-generated images in biological research, there is a critical need to adapt classical anatomical measurements, traditionally conducted with calipers, to a virtual environment. We present detailed protocols for measuring bicondylar length, a critical dimension of the femur, using three different imaging software programs—3D Slicer™, Amira™, and Simpleware™. These protocols provide researchers and practitioners in radiology, orthopedics, biomechanics, and biological anthropology with accurate and reproducible measurement techniques. The objective is to standardize and support virtual osteology in biomechanical research, stature estimation, and related medical and anthropological studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adhering to standardized protocols, we adapted femoral bicondylar length measurements for computed tomography images from a New Mexican collection (<i>n</i> = 10). The method was designed for applicability and reproducibility across three software platforms. By comparing measurements from the same sample across different observers and different platforms, this study validates the accuracy and consistency of the adapted protocol, demonstrating its utility for research and clinical assessments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present a step-by-step guide for each program, detailing bone alignment and measurement. We illustrate each step and provide video tutorials via links for an enhanced understanding of the process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bicondylar length can be measured effectively in each software program following the provided instructions. However, ease of measurement varied among the programs, with some offering a more straightforward process. This variability underscores the importance of choosing appropriate software for the user's needs and proficiency. It also suggests areas for improvement and standardization in software design and instructional clarity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"185 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imagining a world without Mendel. Review of: Disputed inheritance: The battle over Mendel and the future of biology. By Gregory Radick, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2023. pp. xii + 630 (paperback). ISBN: 9780226822723 and How we get Mendel wrong, and why it matters. By Kostas Kampourakis, Boca Raton: CRC Press. 2024. pp. xxi + 226 (paperback). ISBN: 978103245690-4","authors":"Jonathan Marks","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.25033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.25033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology","volume":"185 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}