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Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)最新文献

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Characterization of quartz crystal resonators on phase modulation noise without an oscillator 无振荡器的石英晶体谐振器的相位调制噪声特性
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887387
F. Sthal, M. Mourey, S. Galliou, F. Marionnet, R. Besson
{"title":"Characterization of quartz crystal resonators on phase modulation noise without an oscillator","authors":"F. Sthal, M. Mourey, S. Galliou, F. Marionnet, R. Besson","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887387","url":null,"abstract":"In the time domain, two methods are investigated to classify the phase noise of the resonators. A numerical model of frequency stability of ultra stable quartz oscillator is used to obtain the power spectral density of the phase fluctuations of an oscillator which contains the test resonator. The measurements of the phase noise of the quartz crystal resonators are obtained with a crystal resonator tester. New LD-cut 10 MHz BVA quartz crystal resonators are investigated.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122114081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Mercury-ion clock based on linear multi-pole ion trap 基于线性多极离子阱的汞离子时钟
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887441
J. Prestage, R. Tjoelker, L. Maleki
{"title":"Mercury-ion clock based on linear multi-pole ion trap","authors":"J. Prestage, R. Tjoelker, L. Maleki","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887441","url":null,"abstract":"Buffer gas cooled clocks rely on large numbers of ions, typically /spl sim/10/sup 7/, optically pumped by a discharge lamp at scattering rates of a few photons per second per ion. To reduce the second-order Doppler shift from space charge repulsion of ions from the trap node line, novel multi-pole ion traps are now being developed where ions are weakly bound with confining fields that are effectively zero through the trap interior and grow rapidly near the trap electrode walls.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117247731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
High-frequency, plano-convex quartz oscillators made by a dual-face lapping machine 由双面研磨机制成的高频平凸石英振荡器
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887363
Y. Nagaura, K. Kinoshita, S. Yokomizo
{"title":"High-frequency, plano-convex quartz oscillators made by a dual-face lapping machine","authors":"Y. Nagaura, K. Kinoshita, S. Yokomizo","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887363","url":null,"abstract":"We considered methods of manufacturing high-frequency quartz oscillators utilizing the advantages of chemical etching, reactive ion etching and mechanical polishing effectively. Consequently, by using single inverted mesa type quartz blanks produced by etching as machining materials, we developed a machining method that can manufacture quartz oscillators whose fundamental frequency is more than 334 MHz (AT-cut) by lapping them with a dual-face lapping machine. The quartz oscillators manufactured with this method serve as piano-convex type oscillators, and show excellent reactance-frequency characteristics.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114890684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Three-dimensional analysis of forced piezoelectric vibrations of rectangular AT-cut quartz plates and X-cut LiTaO/sub 3/ plates 矩形at切割石英板和x切割LiTaO/ sub3 /板的三维受迫压电振动分析
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887389
H. Sekimoto, M. Soga, S. Goka, Y. Watanabe
{"title":"Three-dimensional analysis of forced piezoelectric vibrations of rectangular AT-cut quartz plates and X-cut LiTaO/sub 3/ plates","authors":"H. Sekimoto, M. Soga, S. Goka, Y. Watanabe","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887389","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a method for analyzing 3D forced vibrations of rectangular piezoelectric plates. Since it utilizes only a 2D FEM, the matrix size required is much smaller than that required when using a 3D FEM. The 2D FEM was used to obtain a 2D forced solution satisfying the driving requirement and also to obtain a 3D free solution. The calculated capacitance characteristics of a rectangular AT-cut quartz plate agreed very well with measured data. We also showed a numerical example for a 3/spl deg/ rotated X-cut LiTaO/sub 3/ plate.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115188426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
An analysis of frequency of a quartz crystal tuning fork by Sezawa's approximation and Winkler's foundation of the supporting Elinvar alloy wire 用Sezawa近似和Winkler基础分析石英晶体音叉的频率
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887393
H. Itoh, Y. Yong
{"title":"An analysis of frequency of a quartz crystal tuning fork by Sezawa's approximation and Winkler's foundation of the supporting Elinvar alloy wire","authors":"H. Itoh, Y. Yong","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887393","url":null,"abstract":"We developed the method to analyze the effect of the supporting wire on frequency of a quartz crystal tuning fork independent of the FEM. In order to estimate the influence of the supporting wire of tuning fork, we approximated the right half section of tuning fork to an L-shaped bar, of which the bars at both the base and the arm are in bending vibration. Furthermore, we approximated the supporting wire to elastic foundation with spring constant K. A comparison was made of frequency changes calculated by this theory with those by FEM, and the influence of spring constant K and the length of the supporting wire on frequency change calculated by this theory is discussed.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124686104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Ion storage techniques and time-of-flight mass spectrometry in physical forensic science 物理法医科学中的离子储存技术和飞行时间质谱
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887326
D. Chambers, L.I. Grace
{"title":"Ion storage techniques and time-of-flight mass spectrometry in physical forensic science","authors":"D. Chambers, L.I. Grace","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887326","url":null,"abstract":"Describes an ion storage trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer (IS/TOE-MS) for performing real-time monitoring of volatile and semivolatile compounds in air. We selected this approach because the IS/TOF-MS combination is capable of providing both fast analysis and sample preconcentration needed for trace-air analysis. Specifically, the IS, which serves as the pulsed extraction source for the TOF-MS, can also be used to preconcentrate target chemicals to lower detection limits. TOE/MS provides for real-time monitoring whereby an entire mass spectrum typically can be produced in less than 100/spl mu/s. Given the relatively long storage-time capability of the IS (i.e., 10 ms to rather than 1 s), the IS/TOF-MS system achieves a duty cycle that approaches 100%. The transmission efficiency in the IS/TOF-MS is equally as high because the entire ion population accumulated in the IS device can be extracted toward the TOF/MS. The theory and operation of the IS as a pulsed extraction source for TOF-MS analysis of VOCs is discussed and the instrument's performance is evaluated.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125601980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of non-homogeneous uniaxial pressure on the propagation of bulk acoustic waves in crystals 非均匀单轴压力对体声波在晶体中传播的影响
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887390
B. Sorokin, A.N. Marushyak, K. S. Aleksandrov
{"title":"Influence of non-homogeneous uniaxial pressure on the propagation of bulk acoustic waves in crystals","authors":"B. Sorokin, A.N. Marushyak, K. S. Aleksandrov","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887390","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the theory of propagation of small amplitude bulk acoustic waves in crystals under uniaxial mechanical pressure has been made by taking into account the condition of non-homogeneous deformation of crystal sample. It has been shown that the path of bulk acoustic waves will be a function of the non-homogeneous deformation. As an example, calculations for some crystal directions of cubic crystal Bi/sub 12/GeO/sub 20/ (23 point symmetry) have been made.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131120101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Direct digital synthesiser with improved spectrum at low frequencies 直接数字合成器与改善频谱在低频率
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887366
M. Taslakov
{"title":"Direct digital synthesiser with improved spectrum at low frequencies","authors":"M. Taslakov","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887366","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we suggest a new method for obtaining lower distortion of the output spectrum of a direct digital synthesiser (DDS) at lower sub ranges of its operating frequency range. In DDS, the output sine wave is synthesised from discrete steps. At the higher frequency sub range of DDS, the duration of each step is equal to one period of the clock signal. When this discrete sine wave is passed through a low pass filter (LPF), on its output is obtained a continuous, near ideal sine wave. At lower sub ranges of DDS, the duration of each step is more than one period of the clock signal. When this signal is passed through the same LPF the output signal is not sine wave. To avoid this discontinuity, we replace the step approximation with linear one. For this purpose, we use adaptive multilevel pulse-width modulation. The period of this signal is equal to the period of the clock. After filtering this signal through the same LPF, we obtain a continuous sine wave at lower sub range of the DDS. The distortion of this signal is less than the distortion of the standard DDS signal at the same frequency. The improvement of the output spectrum is a function of number of bits of used phase accumulator, sine lookup table and digital-to-analog converter (DAC).","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131132220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Growing the large lanthanum gallium silicate single crystals by Czochralski method 用Czochralski法生长大型硅酸镧镓单晶
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887347
B. A. Dorogovin, S. Stepanov, A.B. Doubovski, A. A. Tsegleev, G. A. Lapteva, V. Kurochkin, I. Philippov
{"title":"Growing the large lanthanum gallium silicate single crystals by Czochralski method","authors":"B. A. Dorogovin, S. Stepanov, A.B. Doubovski, A. A. Tsegleev, G. A. Lapteva, V. Kurochkin, I. Philippov","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887347","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have developed industrial technology to grow large single crystals of langasite having diameter of 86 mm and cylinder length of 100 mm. They were grown in the direction of the temperature compensated cuts (+48.5/spl deg/; +50/spl deg/; +54/spl deg/ to Y-axis) with Czochralski method. The present technology allows to make 3\" (76.2 mm) langasite wafers. This diameter ensures the low losses of units by the wafer periphery in relation to the total number of units on the whole wafer surface. To grow langasite in direction of the temperature compensated cuts in contrast to Z-direction allows to make wafers by sawing ingots perpendicularly to the crystal axis.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131585616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
SAW resonators of SiO/sub 2//ZnO/diamond structure in GHz range SiO/sub //ZnO/金刚石结构的SAW谐振器
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052) Pub Date : 2000-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887373
H. Nakahata, A. Hachigo, K. Itakura, S. Fujii, S. Shikata
{"title":"SAW resonators of SiO/sub 2//ZnO/diamond structure in GHz range","authors":"H. Nakahata, A. Hachigo, K. Itakura, S. Fujii, S. Shikata","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.2000.887373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.2000.887373","url":null,"abstract":"Surface acoustic wave (SAW) characteristics of the SiO/sub 2//in interdigital-transducer(IDT)/ZnO/diamond structure were studied, and it was found that the 2nd Sezawa mode in this structure can provide superior SAW characteristics of a zero temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF), a high velocity of 10,000 m/s and a large electromechanical coupling coefficient of 1.2%. Several kinds of SAW resonators were successfully fabricated with this structure, which resulted in superior characteristics with the minimum insertion losses from 6.7 to 13.4 dB, Q values from 680 to 1600, at the center frequencies of 2.488, 2.666 and 3.061 GHz. Their frequency shifts in the temperature range from 0 to 85/spl deg/C were no more than 50 ppm which is smaller than those of ST-cut quartz or 36Y-cut quartz. These characteristics are superior to those ever realized for a GHz SAW resonator.","PeriodicalId":294110,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition (Cat. No.00CH37052)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132628480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
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