建築學報最新文献

{"title":"雙曲薄殼木構造--以板材自身變形及預力彎曲","authors":"陳詩瀚 陳詩瀚","doi":"10.53106/101632122021120118009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021120118009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 本論文嘗試以較低的設備需求、低能源消耗、低造價的方式，來製作複雜幾何的曲面薄殼木構造建築。在當代的木構造技術下，想製作雙曲木板，不外乎使用模具來當作輔助成形的工具，而在處理曲面造型建築物時，通常需要將外形分成多個單元，再藉由模具製成單元，因此愈複雜的建築外形往往需要愈多模具，隨著模具的數量增加，造價金額也隨之增加，最後面臨高額的費用，讓業主不得不改用其他替代方案，這使得要做到雙曲面的木構造變得更加難以實現。而本論文提出一種新的觀點來製作雙曲面的木構造，以蒸汽彎曲搭配上自行彎曲的技術，再配合預力的施加，實現以無模具製造大量客製化的雙曲薄殼木構造。\u0000 The purpose of this thesis is trying to build a double-curved wood shell by using lower heavy machine, lower energy consumption and lower cost. Nowadays, using molds is a common way to make a double-curved wood shell. When it comes to make a free-from building which usually needs to be separate into variable simple units. And before making each unit, the molds need to be made first. So more complex building will separate into more units that mean more molds and more money. Finally, the huge cost forced the owner to change the plan by using other materials or other methods to lower the cost. It is the reason why making the double-curved wood buildings become too hard to come true. So the thesis focuses on the topic to make a mass customized double-curved wood shell without molds and bend the wood by using self-deformed technique and steam bending method with preload.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121915538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"物理環境模擬輔助建築及都市設計之教學案例","authors":"吳聿淇 吳聿淇","doi":"10.53106/101632122021090117008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021090117008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 氣候環境變遷快速以及建築技術發達，為了適應建築環境日趨複雜化，需要運用資訊科技工具來拉近建築設計與真實環境之間的距離。本教學設計案例主要探討電腦輔助設計—環境模擬工具，輔助建築及都市設計，以環境與效能分析來思考設計策略與方法，整合建築環境資訊及參數式設計應用，強調物理環境與建築設計之間的邏輯思維。本系「物理環境模擬」課程指導學生使用Grasshopper外掛軟體Ladybug & Honeybee進行環境模擬與分析，並配合設計課題目協助學生基地的環境分析及設計方法，使學生在設計過程中即逐步整合設計形式與功能性，促使數位造型設計的成果更具有說服力，訓練學生以設計解決環境問題、強化環境特色，同時培養學生數位工具的觀念與技術。\u0000 With the rapid changes of the climatic environment and the development of building technologies, building environments are becoming more and more complicated. Information technology tools are required to narrow down the gape with the real environment. This teaching study mainly explores an area of Computer Aided Design with Environmental Simulation Plugins to aid architectural and urban design. By integrating with building information and parametric design, design strategies and methods are developed based on environmental and performance analysis, emphasizing logical thinking between physical environment and architectural design. The Building Performance Simulation course at our department teaches students the use of the simulation plugin Ladybug and Honeybee for Grasshopper. By pairing this course with design topic, students should learn how to further analyze a building site and include these tools in their design method. Students are expected to gradually integrate form and function during the design process, thereby making their digital form design more convincing. The course trains students to both solve existing environmental problems and emphasize environmental characteristics, while at same time fostering students to understand the concepts and skills of parametric design.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125237593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"應用無人機傾斜攝影三維建模於遠距建成環境模擬之方法","authors":"束博 束博, 張效通 Bo Shu","doi":"10.53106/101632122021090117006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021090117006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 遠距山坡地區建成環境的環境模擬一直困擾規劃者，不僅僅是建成環境的調查測繪困難、3D建模與環境模擬不易，凸顯了規劃設計者的窘境。因此，本文嘗試利用遠距地區建成環境，以無人機傾斜攝影進行3D建模，以致於運用到環境模擬，研提一套簡便的方法論供規劃設計者參考。研究成果為：1.建置遠距地區建成環境模擬之方法論；2.透過陽明山中國文化大學為例實地案例分析，驗證遠距山區建構3D模型及物理環境模擬方法論的可行性。最後再討論此方法論的適用情況。\u0000 The environmental simulation of the built environment in the remote hillside area has always troubled planners. It is not only the difficulty of surveying and mapping the built environment, but also the difficulty of 3D modeling and environmental simulation, which highlights the dilemma of planners and designers. Therefore, this paper attempts to make use of the built environment in the remote area to carry out 3D modeling with UAV tilt photography, so as to apply it to the environment simulation, and to develop a set of simple methodology for planning designers’ reference. The research results are: 1. Establish the methodology of the built environment simulation in the remote area; 2. Through the field case analysis of Yangmingshan Chinese Culture University as an example, verify the feasibility of the construction of the 3D model and the physical environment simulation methodology in the remote mountain area. Finally, discuss the application of this methodology.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123032326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"臺中市及臺南市都會區碳排放量與土地發展相關指標關係之研究","authors":"張洲滄 張洲滄, 吳佩儒 Chou-Tsang Chang, 林子平 Pei-Ru Wu","doi":"10.53106/101632122021090117005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021090117005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 當今全球暖化，城市面臨氣候變遷及二氧化碳排放量遽增，進而產生更明顯的都市熱島效應，所以現在更需加強城市整體耗能之未來減緩及調適策略訂定。本研究對臺中市及臺南市兩個城市都會區，進行碳收支項目的剖析與研究，並完整呈現出影響臺灣本土都會區總耗能量之特性。臺中市都會區採以單一案例街廓為基本單元，首重詳解建築碳排放量及交通碳排放量等項目，臺南市都會區以都市網格解析。本研究除量化都會區整體碳收支，更兼具涵蓋都市小尺度及大尺度範圍，並建立本土城市各項二氧化碳排放量多項式簡算法。兩個都會區中，針對各行政區的人口密度及整體耗能的關聯分析顯示，當一個行政區的人口密度愈高時，單位土地面積的碳排放量愈少，此趨勢特徵與都市基礎設施及其分擔之服務單位人口數有關。另本研究剖析都市各項影響因子及整合城市宜居環境評估指標後，首先提出建築運輸指標及地價財經指標，含括建築、交通、地價及收入等發展相關指標，得到臺中市都會區總碳排放量與建築運輸指標及地價財經指標，皆為正相關性，並與臺南市都會區因郊區使用分區的使用特性相比，產生兩者都會區明顯差異性。本研究同時建構出完整的關鍵城市耗能評估指標及策略模式，續以應用及推廣於辦理都市計畫定期通盤檢討。\u0000 Due to global warming, cities face climate change and increasing carbon dioxide emissions, making the urban heat island effect more pronounced. It is therefore necessary to strengthen mitigation and adjustment strategies for the city’s overall energy consumption in the future. This research analyzes and compares two metropolitan areas’ carbon budget projects in Taichung and Tainan, and comprehensively presents the characteristics that affect Taiwan’s metropolitan areas’ total energy consumption. The Taichung metropolitan area uses a single-case block profile as the basic unit and focuses on detailed building carbon emissions and transportation carbon emissions. In terms of the Tainan metropolitan area, the analysis is based on the urban grid. In addition to quantifying the metropolitan area’s overall carbon budget, this study also covers both small-scale and large-scale urban areas and establishes a simplified model for various carbon dioxide emissions in local cities. The overall energy consumption of the two metropolitan areas shows that an area with higher population density will induce less carbon emissions, which may due to the relationship between urban infrastructure and its quantity of service populations. Based on our analysis using the city’s livable environment’s assessment indicators, the evaluation results of building-transport indicators and real estate pricing indicators we developed an index which includes building, transport, land price, and income factors. The overall carbon emissions of the Taichung metropolitan area are positively correlated with building-transport indicators and real estate pricing indicators. Compared with the Tainan metropolitan area’s usage characteristics, due to suburban use, there are apparent differences between the two metropolitan areas. This research helped develop a complete urban energy consumption indicator and future strategy model, which can be promoted through regulations for the periodical review of urban planning. \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115989550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"殖民的規訓營造──廈門租界的個案（1840s~1940s）","authors":"陳逸杰 陳逸杰","doi":"10.53106/101632122021090117002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021090117002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 本文旨在重新檢視19世紀中葉後，廈門租界在通商口岸的建構下，如何以殖民工程科學論述的移植，進行租界的空間營造。文中將指出這樣的殖民行動目的在於確保殖民者在殖民地的衛生與安全，以確保殖民行動的遂行，方式上是經由科學觀察、調查、測量和統計的殖民現代性營造，一種帶有非正式帝國（informal empire）領土延伸的具體空間部署。這種非正式的殖民營造，是一種主體被遮蔽的建構過程。作者認為，19世紀萌芽的科學且正當的社會進化理論，提供了像英國這樣的殖民帝國在晚清中國租界擴張的一個自然化邏輯的依據；同時，藉由知識掌控，進而利用殖民地資源，以增進各種帝國殖民行動的經濟利益。這種來自於殖民主義擴張所確立的空間部署，使得想像中的地理願望在這一部署行動中被化為確立的政治連結、經濟依賴與地景改造的物質空間性。諸如廈門租界也在這種全景敞視論（panopticism）的機制下，而被予以殖民規訓營造。\u0000  This article would like to rediscover the spatial planning and management of the treaty area in Xiamen（廈門）during the 1840s~1930s. It argues that the Xiamen concession shaped the treaty port by transplanting the modern engineering-science. The author thought that British Empire used the neutralization logic for science and legitimated the social evolution to encroach concessions of the Qing dynasty in the late nineteenth century, and enhanced various interests of colonial acts by controlling knowledge simultaneously. This spatial disposition made geographical desire of colonial imagination be a physical space of political connection and economical dependency and remodeled. The informal colonization was a constructional process of a hidden subject. The Xiamen concession built the colonial discipline based on the method of panopticism. This article will point out the purpose of colonial act aimed on ensuring the hygiene and health of Colonizers in Xiamen concession. In practice, it concerned building colonial modernity by observing, surveying, measuring the statistics of science that was a spatial disposition referring to extended territory of informal empire.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125148560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"由跨年級學生團隊、跨領域師資教學及跨場域交流平台執行建築設計與社會實踐參與","authors":"蔡宜穎 蔡宜穎","doi":"10.53106/101632122021090117009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021090117009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 教育部自106年啟動大學社會責任實踐(University Social Responsibility, USR)計畫，期望能強化大專校院與區域連結合作，實踐大學社會責任，培育對在地發展能創造價值的大學生。中華大學建築與都市計畫學系的建築設計課程在於培養學生有效溝通、團隊合作、主動學習及執行設計的基本能力。為期望能培養有興趣持續執行社會實踐的大學生，以類事務所(CO-OP Studio)的型態成立USR設計中心，橫向跨組、垂直向跨年級的招募有倡議能力、領導力、執行力及願意成為追隨者的學生團隊。於設計課中，成立獨立操作USR計畫之課程小組，依據計畫場域及目標，配合課程年級制定不同專業程度及實作內容的設計題目。依各階段計畫需求邀請地方文人、在地工藝師、專業教師等，讓學生獲得跨領域的專業知識，同時創造課程教學上更多元的學習價值。本系目前同時參與以新竹縣市為場域的種子型及深耕型USR計畫，讓學生從不同場域的實務操作中學習到環境調查、議題研擬與解決問題的能力，對於大學生參與在地連結，對在地區域發展實踐行動，埋下希望的種子。\u0000 The Ministry of Education launched the University Social Responsibility (USR) program in year 2017; it is expected to strengthen the link between university and regional cooperation, put into practice of university social responsibility, and fosters students who can create value for the local region. The architectural design course in the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning at Chung Hua University is designed to develop students’ basic skills in effective communication, teamwork, self-learning and fundamental design. In order to nurture a university student with interest in continuing to implement social practice, the USR Design Center is established based on the idea of a CO-OP Studio within the department course framework. The CO-OP studio aims to recruit cross-grade students with initiative, leadership, and execution characteristics to operate the USR project as design topic independently in according to the specific site and project objectives. In addition, during the semester, studio invites local craftsmen or different filed of professional expertise to share their skills and knowledge to students according to the requirements of each stage of the project, which creates more learning value and provides students with cross-field professional knowledge.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133721271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"基於透空式建築型態的街谷細懸浮微粒汙染物擴散數值模擬","authors":"葉沛廷 葉沛廷, 蘇瑛敏 Pei-Ting Yeh","doi":"10.53106/101632122021090117004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021090117004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 受發展影響都市空間結構呈現高層且高密度趨勢，頻繁的人為活動加上在密集空間裡持續排放汙染物，破壞都市微氣候環境造成負面效應(任超，2016；歐陽嶠暉，2005)，為改善惡化的都市環境，主要透過規劃與設計針對建物與街道空間型態進行優化，其中高密度的建築群影響周邊風環境，不利於街谷內汙染物的擴散，而透過透空式建築設計能減少建築迎風面面積，增加風通透性以改善都市環境 (香港屋宇署，2013)，過往研究多透過觀測的方式分析汙染物與氣象條件的關係，近期則針對汙染物進行電腦數值模擬，但採用顆粒物的模擬相對較少，因此本研究配合Hang, J. & Li, Y. G.(2010)理想城市10×9配置，設定透空式建築量體為長(30m)、寬(30m)、高(80m)，並以無透空建築為對照組，加上不同建築洞口高度(0.45h、0.65h及0.45-0.65h)為變項設計共4組研究方案，使用ANSYS Fluent v18進行風環境與PM2.5細懸浮微粒汙染物模擬。研究結果顯示:高層建築量體增加街道封閉性，導致空氣流通與汙染物擴散的阻礙，透空式建築能提高街道的滲透性改善空氣流通。隨著 Z 軸高度增加汙染物分佈受街谷空間及汙染源距離影響，因此較低的洞口具有較佳汙染物去除效果。連續且過長的街道讓汙染物累積於都市末端，建議維持足夠的都市空間讓街區空氣流通，以得到理想改善效果。\u0000 This study is based on opening buildings of length (30m), width (30m), and height (80m) combined with Hang, J. & Li, Y. G.(2010) ideal city 10 × 9 configurations, and building without hole is control group, different building opening heights (0.45h, 0.65h, and 0.45-0.65h) are designed as various groups of 4 research scenario. Using ANSYS Fluent v18 to simulate the wind environment and PM2.5 fine particulate matter. The results of the study found that the volume of high-rise buildings increased the sealing of the streets, leading to the obstruction of air circulation and the spread of pollutants. The opening buildings can increase the permeability of the streets and improve the air circulation. As the height of the Z-axis increases, the distribution of pollutants is affected by the space of the street canyon and the distance of the pollution source, so the lower hole has a better effect of removing pollutants. Continuous and long streets allow pollutants to accumulate at the end of the city. It is recommended to maintain sufficient urban space to allow air circulation in the blocks to obtain the desired improvement effect. \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123033232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"應用新興人機互動科技發展智慧建築教學策略培養學生知識、實作與創造力","authors":"吳韻吾 吳韻吾, 閻亞寧 Yun-Wu Wu, 翁國華 Ya-Ning Yen","doi":"10.53106/101632122021090117007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021090117007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 教育目標是培訓學生滿足這些新興技術/行業要求，並在科學和技術領域中發揮積極作用，本研究的目的在針對與時俱進的教學策略，材料，方法和活動進行開發如物聯網（IoT）和智能建築等新興技術的主題。因此，本研究探索了新的人機交互和方法，例如行動學習、基於Web的學習和無處不在的學習，如何幫助教師提高學生相對於他們的基礎知識以及應用新興技術的實踐和創造能力的學習成效，技術應用於建築設計。具體而言，本研究開發了一種漸進的教學過程，涉及知識，實踐和創造力，可應用於智能建築和節能以及建築設計課程。上述教學策略和教材將遵循教育理論，為實現擬議的研究目標，規劃了三年計畫如下。（1）知識力-發展智慧建築與物聯網新興科技知識力建構教學策略與方法；（2）實作力-運用作中學教學策略厚植智慧建築新興科技應用與實作能力；（3）第三年：創造力-人本思考下的智慧建築新興科技創新建築設計養成教學。\u0000 The educational goal that fulfills the requirements of these emerging technologies/industries is to train students to play an active role in these new science and technology fields, and the purpose of this study is to develop teaching strategies, materials, methods, and activities on the theme of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart buildings. To do so, the study explores how new human-computer interactions and methodologies such as mobile, web-based, and ubiquitous learning can help instructors to enhance their students’ learning performance relative to their fundamental knowledge and their practical and creative ability to apply emerging technology to architectural design. Specifically, the study develops a progressive teaching process, involving knowledge, practice and creativity that can be applied to courses in the smart building, smart building and energy conservation, and architectural design. The above-mentioned teaching strategy and materials will follow the educational theories. A three-year plan for achieving the proposed research goal is as follows. (1) First year: fundamental knowledge: developing a teaching strategy and methodology that supports emerging smart-building and IoT technologies. (2) Second year: practical power: applying a learning-by-doing teaching strategy to equip students with the capabilities of the emerging smart-building technologies. (3) Third year: creativity: applying a human-centered design approach to develop students’ abilities in the area of innovative architectural design based on emerging smart-building technologies.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"473 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133315788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"17世紀荷治福爾摩沙的熱蘭遮堡：其建築營造歷程及與歐洲早期現代堡壘設計思維之關聯","authors":"黃恩宇 黃恩宇","doi":"10.53106/101632122021090117003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021090117003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 1624年荷蘭東印度公司於南台灣的大員（現今台南安平）設立貿易據點，並在當地沙丘上構築熱蘭遮堡。經過多年擴建，該堡壘發展成一座大型軍事要塞，具有上層主堡、下層主堡、沙土基座、外堡等四個部位，堡內則有各類建物，包括長官公署、士兵營舍、公司人員住所、奴隸住所、倉庫、彈藥庫、監獄、教堂等等。在台灣荷治時期（1624-1662），熱蘭遮堡不僅扮演軍事防禦之角色，亦具有行政治理與貨物儲存之作用。熱蘭遮堡無疑是17世紀荷蘭東印度公司在東亞地區規模最大的軍事建築，也是荷治福爾摩沙最具重要意義的多功能建物。基於上述重要性，本論文將以兩個主要部分，分別探討兩個與熱蘭遮堡建築有關的重要主題。 第一個部分探討熱蘭遮堡的建築營造歷程。本文根據歷史文獻與歷史圖像的梳理與比對，提出熱蘭遮堡營造歷程的五個重要階段，並檢視各階段的歷史背景，包括公司在福爾摩沙的經營與發展、巴達維亞總督與台灣長官對於防禦工事的態度、以及福爾摩沙或大員所面臨的各類敵人與天災之威脅。在各階段的歷史背景下，將探討熱蘭遮堡的工程項目、參與人員、材料來源、以及構造與形式之特徵。根據討論成果，本文亦製作「荷治時期熱蘭遮堡各階段工程綜覽圖」，以呈現五個階段的營造重點、關鍵工程所涉年代、以及歷任長官與堡壘營造的關係。 第二個部分探討熱蘭遮堡建築與早期現代歐洲堡壘設計思維之關聯。本文將檢視義大利文藝復興對於歐洲早期現代防禦工事設計的發展，以及荷蘭於八十年戰爭（1568-1648）期間出現的「舊荷蘭系統」防禦工事設計。接著根據荷蘭本土及荷蘭東印度公司亞洲據點的堡壘案例，釐清舊荷蘭系統的幾個重要原則。最後再與歷史圖像所呈熱蘭遮堡建築特徵進行比較，以分析其與歐洲/荷蘭早期現代堡壘設計思維之關聯。根據分析成果，本文確認熱蘭遮堡相當程度反映了歐洲及荷蘭早期現代的堡壘設計思維，特別是堡壘的稜堡形式。然而，本文也發現某些熱蘭遮堡特徵無法以歐洲/荷蘭早期現代的堡壘設計思維進行解釋，而可能源自其他理由或動機，這些仍值得未來後續研究進一步探討。\u0000 In 1624, Dutch East India Company (VOC) set up a trading post in Taiowan in southern Taiwan (now Anping, Tainan) and there built Fort Zeelandia on a hill. After years of expansion, this fort was developed into a large-scale fortress which comprises four parts – the upper main fort, the lower main fort, the earth foundation and the outer fort. Inside Fort Zeelandia, there were a variety of buildings including a governor’s house, houses of company staffs, barracks of soldiers, houses of slaves, warehouses, arsenals, prisons, a church, etc. In the Dutch rule period of Taiwan (1624-1662), Fort Zeelandia did not only play a role in military defense but also had the functions of administrative governance and cargo storage. Undoubtedly, Fort Zeelandia was the largiest military building complex of the Dutch VOC in the 17th-century East Asia and the most prominent and significant multi-purpose building in Dutch Formosa. On account of the significance as mentioned above, this paper consists of two main parts, and each part aims to explore one important theme related to the architecture of Fort Zeelandia. The first part discusses the construction process of Fort Zeelandia. By means of the analysis and comparison of a variety of historical texts and images, this paper in the first place divides the construction process of this fort into five main stages and then reviews the historical background of each stage, such as the management and development of the Dutch VOC in Formosa, the respective attitudes of Governor-Generals in Batavia and Governors in Formosa toward the defense of Taiowan, and the various enemies and natural disasters that threatened Formosa or Taiowan. Under the historical background of each stage, an in-depth discussion of the construction works, the personnel involved in the construction works, the sources of building materials, and the constructional and formal characteristics of Fort Zeelandia will be conducted. On basis of the above discussion, this paper presents a chart as the overview of the construction process of Fort Zeelandia, which shows the important projects in the five main stages, the years when ","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125139032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"臺灣建築物騎樓整平計畫之研究：內政部及臺北市政府騎樓整平計畫法令及執行之分析","authors":"張志源 張志源","doi":"10.53106/101632122021090117001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021090117001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 今日臺灣各直轄市、縣(市)政府均有騎樓整平計畫，但因建築管理、市區人行道管理、交通管理等行政管理單位不同，並涉及都市工程管溝問題，使騎樓整平改善各行其是。本研究從中央政府與臺北市政府騎樓之法令，及內政部營建署對各直轄市、縣(市)政府騎樓改善勘檢督導的資料進行分析，討論如何從法令及現實面執行改善。研究發現:1.騎樓整平問題主要包括無障礙法令界面整合不足、商家不願意配合、整平後仍被攤販占用等。2.內政部營建署對公共建築物及騎樓無障礙環境優化的重視，主要來自行政院身心障礙者權益促進委員會、行政院主計總處、內政部身心障礙者保護委員會、行政院人權推動小組、內政部部務會報部長指示、監察院的糾正，其中行政院主計總處將無障礙生活環境督導業務督導考核成果作為中央增減對各該縣市一般性補助款之參考依據，為重要的政策方向。在制定騎樓的無障礙環境優化計畫及修正相關無障礙法規上，內政部營建署於2017年制定「公共建築物及騎樓無障礙環境優化計畫」，並逐步修正，對騎樓整平改善有正面效果。3.臺北市的騎樓整平較為成功，分析成功因素除與臺北市的公共建築物無障礙法令因地制宜的修正，首長支持是重要因素，騎樓整平改善的現實面必須考量地方政府人力、經費與執行能力。4.本研究最後提出「騎樓整平無障礙環境改善計畫通則」，騎樓店家如因有高低差，依法必需設置避難層坡道及扶手，但受限於現況無法設置時，可參考該通則相關規定，設置活動式斜坡板、輪椅昇降臺、樓梯附掛式昇降座椅進行改善，建議未來此通則可提供各直轄市、縣(市)政府參考。\u0000 Currently, every municipality and county (city) government in Taiwan has plans for leveling of arcade walkways. However, due to different administrative units such as construction management, urban landscape sidewalks management, traffic management, etc. along with the problem of urban engineering management trenches, the improvement of the arcade walkway leveling has been performed as independent units. This study analyzed the Central Government and Taipei City Government’s Acts of the Building Arcade Walkway Leveling Act, and the data on the inspection and supervision of the construction of municipal and county (city) government arcade walkways by the Ministry of the Interior, to discuss how to implement the improvement from the aspects of law and reality. The study found that the walkway leveling problems of building arcades mainly includes inadequate integration of statutes regarding accessible, unwillingness of merchants to cooperate, and walkways being re-occupied by vendors after leveling. After comparison, we found Taipei City is relatively successful. The success factor, after analysis, shows in addition to the fact that laws and regulations can be amended according to local conditions, that the support of the chief executive is also an important factor. The reality of the leveling walkway improvement of building arcades must consider the manpower, funding, and execution capabilities of the local governments. This research finally puts forward some general rules for improving the accessible environment through arcade walkway leveling; that is, if the arcade walkways of stores have height differences, they must install floor ramps and handrails according to law, but if such facilities cannot be installed due to the current situation, they can refer to the general rule to set up movable ramps, wheelchair lifts, or stairs with hanging lift seats for improvement. It is suggested that this general rule can be provided for reference by county and city governments in the future.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123696445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}