臺中市及臺南市都會區碳排放量與土地發展相關指標關係之研究

Abstract

當今全球暖化，城市面臨氣候變遷及二氧化碳排放量遽增，進而產生更明顯的都市熱島效應，所以現在更需加強城市整體耗能之未來減緩及調適策略訂定。本研究對臺中市及臺南市兩個城市都會區，進行碳收支項目的剖析與研究，並完整呈現出影響臺灣本土都會區總耗能量之特性。臺中市都會區採以單一案例街廓為基本單元，首重詳解建築碳排放量及交通碳排放量等項目，臺南市都會區以都市網格解析。本研究除量化都會區整體碳收支，更兼具涵蓋都市小尺度及大尺度範圍，並建立本土城市各項二氧化碳排放量多項式簡算法。兩個都會區中，針對各行政區的人口密度及整體耗能的關聯分析顯示，當一個行政區的人口密度愈高時，單位土地面積的碳排放量愈少，此趨勢特徵與都市基礎設施及其分擔之服務單位人口數有關。另本研究剖析都市各項影響因子及整合城市宜居環境評估指標後，首先提出建築運輸指標及地價財經指標，含括建築、交通、地價及收入等發展相關指標，得到臺中市都會區總碳排放量與建築運輸指標及地價財經指標，皆為正相關性，並與臺南市都會區因郊區使用分區的使用特性相比，產生兩者都會區明顯差異性。本研究同時建構出完整的關鍵城市耗能評估指標及策略模式，續以應用及推廣於辦理都市計畫定期通盤檢討。  Due to global warming, cities face climate change and increasing carbon dioxide emissions, making the urban heat island effect more pronounced. It is therefore necessary to strengthen mitigation and adjustment strategies for the city’s overall energy consumption in the future. This research analyzes and compares two metropolitan areas’ carbon budget projects in Taichung and Tainan, and comprehensively presents the characteristics that affect Taiwan’s metropolitan areas’ total energy consumption. The Taichung metropolitan area uses a single-case block profile as the basic unit and focuses on detailed building carbon emissions and transportation carbon emissions. In terms of the Tainan metropolitan area, the analysis is based on the urban grid. In addition to quantifying the metropolitan area’s overall carbon budget, this study also covers both small-scale and large-scale urban areas and establishes a simplified model for various carbon dioxide emissions in local cities. The overall energy consumption of the two metropolitan areas shows that an area with higher population density will induce less carbon emissions, which may due to the relationship between urban infrastructure and its quantity of service populations. Based on our analysis using the city’s livable environment’s assessment indicators, the evaluation results of building-transport indicators and real estate pricing indicators we developed an index which includes building, transport, land price, and income factors. The overall carbon emissions of the Taichung metropolitan area are positively correlated with building-transport indicators and real estate pricing indicators. Compared with the Tainan metropolitan area’s usage characteristics, due to suburban use, there are apparent differences between the two metropolitan areas. This research helped develop a complete urban energy consumption indicator and future strategy model, which can be promoted through regulations for the periodical review of urban planning.