建築學報最新文献

{"title":"地區災害防救工作落實於淹水地區高齡者避難收容課題研究－以823水災台南市麻豆區三里高齡居民避難收容為例","authors":"董娟鳴 董娟鳴","doi":"10.53106/101632122021120118005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021120118005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 本研究以台灣南部持續降雨的823水災為案例進行研究。研究者選取台南市麻豆區人口老化嚴重的北勢里、小埤里和埤頭里作為案例研究地點。並於2019年10月對里長、高齡者、麻豆區民政部門和其他縣市民政防救災單位相關承辦進行深入訪談，了解社區高齡者在水災時經驗與在災害過程中遇到的問題，及地區災害防救工作落實於高齡者避難收容實踐。 研究者共訪談了17位高齡者、里長2位與區公所相關承辦人員，受訪高齡者年齡在63至90歲之間。訪談結果顯示，水災對研究地區造成嚴重破壞，由於地區水位監測傳感器被洪水沖走，導致區公所錯過預先撤離機會，社區在具有自救能力居民協助下進行撤離。儘管社區平時有防災社區培訓，但因安全與財產損失歸屬問題，導致社區防災和疏散系統無法有效運作，區公所民政課與社區之間溝通不良，救援支持工作受阻。此外，由於地區受災嚴重，區公所缺乏足夠的救災資源和設備，需要外部援助（軍方）。但因無法及時提供救援，導致社區救災資源枯竭。高齡者與弱勢居民只能垂直避難並等待救援，進行二次或多次避難。 根據前述發現，當發生大規模洪災時，社區內部的相互救援和支持極為重要，可向高齡者提供直接和無障礙援助。防救災單位應當增加社區高齡者的主要聯絡人，確定防災和救災專業知識，並提供適當的專業培訓，使這些人可以作為向社區高齡者傳遞信息的橋樑。簡言之，前述措施可幫助高齡社區在災難期間實施自救工作。\u0000 This study selected three villages in Madou District, Tainan City - Beishih Village, Siaopi Village, and Pitou Village in 823 flood disaster to be the research site for analysis. These three villages face the common problem of a drastically aging population. The author conducted in-depth interviews to understand the problems faced by community elderly when prolonged flooding occurs, and to expound the issues encountered during the course of natural disasters. The author visited the three villages (in which Siaopi Village has merged into Pitou Village) to conduct interviews with elderly residents and 17 elderly residents were interviewed. The interview results indicate that the flood had caused serious damage in the study area. As the water level monitoring sensor of the area’s disaster prevention unit was swept away by the floodwaters, it was impossible to ascertain the extent of the damage caused by the heavy rainfall on the area. Consequently, no preventive evacuation measures were implemented and the decision to evacuate was made by the community, in conjunction with the assistance of residents with self-rescue capabilities. Despite regular training, due to flooding and property considerations, the community’s disaster prevention and evacuation system was inoperable, and there was a lack of communication and rescue and support efforts between the district office and the community. Moreover, owing to the size of the disaster area, the district office lacked sufficient disaster relief resources and equipment and required external assistance. However, the assistance was not provided in a timely manner and the community’s resources became depleted. The victims could only save themselves while awaiting the district office to transport them to the evacuation shelters. Based on the findings, the author deduced that when natural disasters occur, community elderly victims have a poor response capability and tend to delay their decision to evacuate. During a flooding event, they would prioritize vertical evacuation unless the water supply and power have been cut off from their homes, and they would only move to an evacuation shelter if they are unable to seek refuge somewhere near their homes. Moreover, the elderly residents had a propensity to rely on people they are familiar with to make their evacuation decisions. As a result, if the opportunity for pre-evacuation is missed","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126065991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"建設公司CSR報告書環境指標揭露程度與品質之研究","authors":"張行道 張行道, 陳怡伶 陳怡伶, 蔡雅雯 Yi-Lin Chen","doi":"10.53106/101632122021120118004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021120118004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 永續是當前全球性議題，公司提出企業社會責任(Corporate social responsibility, CSR)報告書，揭露環境、經濟、社會三面向之永續績效及作為。台灣自2014年開始，符合條件的建設公司被規定要編製CSR報告書，但文獻指出，CSR報告書揭露的內容與品質有所不足。 本研究探討CSR報告書中環境面的內容，依全球報告綱領(Global Reporting Initiative, GRI)的要求，分析台灣建設公司的CSR報告書之環境指標的揭露程度、品質原則遵循程度，以及兩者之相關性。選取上市(櫃)營收前六大建設公司為個案研究。研究結果發現，環境指標揭露程度不高且揭露的質、量不一致；品質原則遵循為中等程度，時效性遵循程度最高，可靠性最低；環境指標揭露程度與品質遵循呈現低度正相關。 建設公司可依GRI準則的指標要求項目，發展環境管理方針，輔助提高報告書的揭露深度與品質。另外，運用外部認證的報告書，可提高可靠性、增加公信力，符合金管單位的政策。\u0000 Sustainability is a current global issue. Companies have published CSR (corporate social responsibility) reports to disclose sustainable performances and actions in economic, environmental, and social aspects. In Taiwan, the qualified listed companies including developers have been required to compile CSR reports since 2014. However, literature points out that the disclosure and quality of CSR reports are not adequate. The objective of this research was to examine the environmental contents of CSR reports. Based on the 2016 GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) Standards, this study analyzed the disclosure levels and quality compliance degree of the 30 environmental indicators and the relationship between the two. Six listed developers with the largest revenues were chosen as cases to study. The results show that the disclosure levels of environmental indicators were not high and the disclosure levels and numbers of environmental indicators were not consistent. In the quality principles, timeliness is the most compliant one but reliability is the last. The disclosure levels and quality compliance show a low positive relationship. Based on the requirements of GRI Standards, developers can establish their own environmental management approaches, which can help raise both disclosure levels and quality of the reports. Further, a CSR report with external assurance can strengthen its reliability, increase public trust and meet the government policy.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"111 S138","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120851347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"自攻螺絲木構造接點的剪力行為與解析公式驗證","authors":"葉玉祥 葉玉祥, 葉衣祺 Yu-Hsiang Yeh, 游蕙安 Yi-Chi Yeh, 陳怡秀 Hui-An Yu","doi":"10.53106/101632122021120118008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021120118008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 本研究主要探討木構造接點的剪力行為，其中，接點係由國產材組成並採自攻螺絲作為橫貫緊固件，透過剪力試驗評估接點的抗剪強度、韌性、及破壞模式，測出的剪力強度將拿來跟Eurocode 5的計算結果比較，藉以檢討公式之於國產建材的適用性。首先，本研究篩選適合用於建築結構的國產材和自攻螺絲，用以製作接點試體。國產材包含針葉木結構材福杉、柳杉、和屬於闊葉木的相思樹，自攻螺絲為台灣製造商代工的產品，挑選5種常用而細部處理略有不同的螺絲。以這些參數為基礎，共規劃16種接點，每種接點有9個試體，計144個剪力試體。剪力試驗的結果顯示，樹種會影響接點的剪力行為甚鉅，相思樹由於有較高的密度，因此其承載力與韌性都明顯比柳杉、福杉來得大。使用螺紋間距3mm的自攻螺絲的接點，其剪力強度和韌性分別比使用5mm螺距的試體高了10%、7%。使用全牙自攻螺絲鎖固的接點，其剪力強度與韌性也比半牙螺絲分別高出9%、7%。在使用墊片的情況下，接點的剪力強度與韌性皆可提升約7%。相較之下，鑽尾形式對於接點力學行為的影響較小。比較實驗值和Eurocode 5的計算結果後發現，Eurocode 5的評估結果偏保守，儘管仍有調適的空間以兼顧安全性與經濟性，這套評估方法可適用於國產建材並確保足夠的安全係數。\u0000 This study is focused on the shear behaviour of dowel-type timber joint composed of domestic wood and self-tapping screw. A series of shear test is intended for evaluating the shear capacity of timber connections. Then, the testing results are compared to the analytic values based on Eurocode 5’ formula. The comparison contributes to verify the feasibility of the formula for domestic materials, including wood and screw. This study selects viable timber and self-tapping screw to manufacture various timber joints. The wood comprises softwood and hardwood for structural purposes, while the self-tapping screw consists of 5 different profiles in terms of screws’ tailing and threading. Depending on these parameters, the shear test includes 16 types of timber joints and each type consists of 9 specimens. The testing results demonstrate that the species of wood influence the shear behaviour significantly. With greater density, the hardwood reveals higher capacity and ductility compared to softwood. Thread’s spacing and the threading length influence joints’ shear behaviour as well. The self-tapping screw with 3mm spacing of the thread increase the ultimate shear strength and ductility by 9% and 7%, respectively, compared to the specimens with 5mm-spacing screw. When applying fully threaded screw, the joints exhibit 9% higher shear capacity and 7% greater ductility than those with half-threaded screws do. According to the comparison between testing and analytic results, Eurocode 5 method conservatively predicts the joints’ capacity. Although the formula may need further modification for Taiwanese materials, the calculation results ensure considerable safety margin for timber joints.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121401676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"直交集成板構造炭化率之研究","authors":"詹家旺 詹家旺","doi":"10.53106/101632122021120118007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021120118007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 本研究透過蒐集歐洲、北美、日本等地有關直交集成板CLT之構造防火法規與規範，以直交集成板CLT之構造耐火試驗及防火特性進行探討研究，並針對木構造建築物設計及施工技術規範〔1〕提出有關直交集成板CLT構造增修建議。預計進行2組CLT樓板及2組CLT牆板之耐火實驗，探討做為驗證所需。實驗試體使用5層15cm日本扁柏CLT(符合JAS規定)〔2〕及5層12cm日本扁柏加柳杉(符合JAS規定)〔2〕分別進行樓板與牆各1小時及2小時之耐火實驗。CLT實驗試體經耐火試驗後，進行炭化層之刮除以確認炭化深度及炭化速率。 CLT實驗試體加熱面經清除炭化層後所殘留之結構斷面，以每100mm距離量測其縱向及橫向炭化深度值，將量測之炭化深度及炭化速率結果，以日本木材炭化率預估模式〔3〕，藉由公式之計算與實際實驗後所得到之炭化深度交叉比對分析，利用實驗數據與預估模式之相關係數討論公式預估之準確性，提出炭化深度防火規定建議值，以作為木構造結構設計之依據。\u0000 This research is collecting about the fire regulations and codes for the construction of Cross Laminated Timber of CLT in Europe, North America, Japan, and discussion and research on the structural fire resistance test and fire characteristic execute of the Cross Laminated Timber CLT, and according to the reference manual for fire design and construction of wooden structures, suggestions on the addition and repair of the CLT structure of the Cross Laminated Timber are proposed. It is expected to execute the fire resistance test of 2 sets of CLT floor and 2 sets of CLT wall to discuss for verification. The test specimens used 5 layers of 15cm Japanese cypress CLT (in compliance with JAS regulations) and 5 layers of 12cm Japanese cypress and Cryptomeria (in compliance with JAS regulations) to execute fire resistance tests for the floor and wall for 1 hour and 2 hours. After the CLT test specimen to the fire resistance test, the charring layer is scraped to confirm the charring depth and the charring rate. After the charring layer has been clearing for structural section of the CLT specimens heating surface, and the longitudinal and transverse charring depth values are measured every 10cm. The charring depth and charring measurement rate results are by the Japanese wood charring rate prediction model, it is calculated by the formula and cross-compared analyzed with the charring depth obtained after the practical experiment. Use the correlation coefficients of test data and estimation models to discuss the accuracy of the predictions, and serve as a reference for the design of wooden structures for future reference revisions.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"40 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132708241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1640年代中期台灣熱蘭遮堡建築樣貌重建研究","authors":"黃恩宇 黃恩宇","doi":"10.53106/101632122021120118001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021120118001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 熱蘭遮堡可謂台灣荷治時期（1624-1662）最重要的建築，自1624年荷蘭東印度公司來台設立據點，至其於1662年撤離，該堡壘持續在軍事、貿易與治理方面扮演關鍵角色。由於其重要性，過去已有不少學者進行該堡壘之考證與研究，並嘗試重建其原貌，但至今尚未有學者提出完整與可信的重建成果。筆者先前〈17世紀荷治福爾摩沙的熱蘭遮堡：其建築營造歷程及與歐洲早期現代堡壘設計思維之關聯〉（黃恩宇，2021）這篇論文，已根據歷史文獻、歷史圖像、以及近代歐洲/荷蘭之堡壘設計觀念，探討荷治時期各階段熱蘭遮堡形式、構造與相關歷史事件，並指出1640年代中期乃熱蘭遮堡最具代表性的時期。當時該堡壘的三大部位皆已成形，包括上層主堡（方形平面加四個稜堡）、下層主堡（四角星型平面加四個圓堡）與外堡（含兩個稜堡與一個圓堡），堡內長官公署亦已完工，而堡內教堂則於1645年落成。 基於上述原因，本研究選擇1640年代中期的熱蘭遮堡建築樣貌作為重建之對象。論文除了檢視過去栗山俊一、曾國恩與林會承的研究成果外，亦參酌四類可供重建之依據。首先為堡壘位址的現地資訊，包括建築遺構、等高線與地籍圖。第二，須梳理17世紀荷蘭東印度公司相關的歷史文獻，其中對本研究最重要的乃1639年的〈特使庫克巴克爾致巴達維亞總督視察報告〉與公司士兵司馬爾卡頓所撰寫的《東西印度驚奇旅行記》。第三，須分析與1640年代中期熱蘭遮堡較有關的歷史圖像，包括1635至1652年間的七幅圖像。第四，熱蘭遮堡建築樣貌重建時，特別是各個稜堡之重建，須呼應當時荷蘭的堡壘設計觀念與原則，即所謂「舊荷蘭系統」。 藉由梳理與分析上述四類重要依據，1640年代中期熱蘭遮堡的上層主堡、下層主堡、外堡等三個部位即可合理重建，包括這些部位的位置、高度、平面及其他細節。依照堡壘建築重建成果，亦製出一個1:400比例尺的實體模型。更者，本文亦將熱蘭遮堡重建平面，整合至先前〈1640年代中期台灣熱蘭遮市鎮空間平面重建研究〉（黃恩宇，2019）提出的「1640年代中期熱蘭遮市鎮平面重建圖」，以呈現當時熱蘭遮市鎮的整體樣貌。本文的1640年代中期熱蘭遮堡建築樣貌重建成果，及其與同時期熱蘭遮市鎮平面之整合，將可作為未來熱蘭遮堡遺址考古發掘之參考，亦可作為後續各種相關研究之依據。\u0000 Fort Zeelandia is the most important building complex in Dutch Formosa (1624-1662). Since the Dutch East India Company (VOC) came Taiwan in 1624 to set up a trading post, until its withdraw in 1662, this fort ceaselessly played a critical role in military, trade and governance. Due to its importance, many scholars have conducted research on this fort and tried to reconstruct its original appreance; however, so far, no scholar has proposed a complete and persuasive result of reconstruction. A previous paper, “Fort Zeelandia in the 17th-century Dutch Formosa: Its Construction Process and Relationship to the Early Modern Ideas of European Fortification Design” (Huang, 2021), has explored the form, construction and related historical events of Fort Zeelandia in different stages of the Dutch rule period according to historical documents, historical paintings and early modern ideas of European/Dutch fortification design. This paper also points out that the mid-1640s was the most representative period of this fort. At that time, its three major parts of Fort Zeelandia had been built, including the “upper main fort” (as a square plan with four bastions), the “lower main fort” (as a four-pointed-star plan with four round towers) and the “outer fort” (which has two bastions and one round tower), and so had the Governor’s House inside the fort. Moreover, the church inside the fort was completed in 1645. Based on the above-mentioned reasons, this study chose the architectural appearance of Fort Zeelandia in the mid-1640s as the object of reconstruction. In addition to reviewing the previous research results of Kuriyama Syunichi, Guo-En Ceng and Hui-Cheng Lin, four important sources for the reconstruction work were also taken into consideration in this paper. The first is about the site data of the fort, including the building remains, contour map and cadastral map. Second, some of the historical documents related to the 17th-century Dutch VOC should be referred to; the most important two doucments are the “Nicolaes Couckeba","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123789420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"震後建築物倒塌引起道路阻斷之評估模式與案例分析","authors":"許智豪 許智豪, 柯孝勳 Chih-Hao Hsu, 吳佳容 Siao-Syun Ke","doi":"10.53106/101632122021120118006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021120118006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 由災害案例顯示，在大規模地震下常會造成地表破壞、建物倒塌、維生管線毀壞、與道路阻斷狀況，例如1994年洛杉磯北嶺ML6.6地震、1995年日本阪神ML7.2地震、及1999年台灣921集集ML7.3地震，皆造成嚴重的建築物倒塌外，也間接引起周邊道路阻斷的情況，不僅衝擊都市機能運作外，亦導致鏈鎖性衝擊影響，災害後果顯示，地方政府需考量間接災難衝擊影響，例如震後建物倒塌引起的道路阻斷，與建物火災事件將加劇衝擊之後果，傷亡與經濟損失將高將於地震直接損失，有鑑於此，本研究藉災害衝擊鏈觀點，發展震後建物倒塌引致的道路阻斷評估模式，並利用地震情境模擬分析(中洲構造ML6.9)，有效整合震後建物起火數推估模式，發展出一套建物倒塌地震情境模擬分析程序。研究結果顯示，台南市示範區內強震區建物嚴重損壞，建物結構殘礫落下引起道路嚴重阻斷情況，尤其發生在台南市中西區老舊建物的鄰近道路，與醫療院所外部救援道路，此外震後造成建物倒塌發生三處火災事件，火災救援與傷患運輸等可能受到影響，對災害管理，強化都市防災機能，檢討防救災道路及防救災公共設施，防災應變能力，是刻不容緩之事，本研究結果可具體掌握震後道路系統阻斷情況，可協助防救災設施的情資研判，做出合理且有效決策，及面對災害防救避難規劃之參考。\u0000 Moderate-to-large earthquakes cause problems such as severe damage to buildings, critical infrastructure failure, and road blockages. For example, during the 1994 Northridge earthquake (ML6.6), 1995 Kobe earthquake (ML7.2), and 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake (ML7.3), strong ground motion caused the collapse of buildings and indirectly resulted in road blockages, which not only negatively affected the operation of urban functions but also triggered failures in related and connected systems, effectively amounting to a disaster cascade. Road networks are crucial in an emergency, such as the aftermath of a strong earthquake, at which time rescued people must be immediately transported to rescue staging sites, injured people must be taken to hospitals, assistance must be transported to the scene, and repair work must be conducted on damaged infrastructure. With rapid urbanization, Taiwan is becoming increasingly dependent on its transportation infrastructure. Governments must consider the disaster impact chain to reduce the harmful consequences of disasters. For instance, post-earthquake casualties and the socioeconomic impacts of fire events generally have a greater negative impact than do the losses directly caused by earthquakes. The current study developed a disaster impact chain triggered by the collapse of buildings after an earthquake. We integrated the road blocking mode and post-earthquake fire mode and developed a set of procedures and methods. The results of this research can be used as a basis for determining the damage to road systems after earthquakes, guiding the operation of disaster prevention and relief facilities, informing reasonable and effective decision-making during disasters, and serving as a reference for the government facility inspection and priority restoration work.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121280127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"複合式木構造住宅之日常能源效益及環境衝擊評估研究","authors":"葉育君 葉育君, 許云馨 Yu-Chun Yeh, 王品心 Shin-Yun Hsu","doi":"10.53106/101632122021120118011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021120118011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 近年來許多研究都指出木材有助於降低室內溫度，提升室內環境品質，更有益於居住使用者的身體健康，但目前卻缺乏木構造對於改善熱能的效益多寡的研究，無法驗證木構造所改善之實際效益。此外，目前台灣建造木構造之建築價格比鋼筋混凝土貴了1.5倍左右，這些因素均使木構造建築在台灣建築產業無法像鋼筋混凝土構造相同普及，對於一般民眾、建築產業選擇木構造做為建材使用之誘因不足。台灣近年於政策中開始推廣綠建材，推行多項鼓勵綠建材標章申請的措施與多方進行綠建材觀念之推廣宣導，企圖創造綠色環境。然而，台灣習慣性經常使用高耗能及高傳導係數的材料來建構房屋，接著再陸續研究許多降溫與節能的節能綠建築技術，除了增加營運成本以外，也製造額外的耗能與碳排量，這種現象與全球的發展趨勢背道而馳。因此，改造現有的建築材料，以滿足台灣現在和未來的熱舒適性、生活方式、能源效率等對應氣候減緩的問題，是必須思考的課題。木構造建築具有輕質量、永續性等優點，但同時存在耐震、防火等需持續改善的問題，而鋼筋混凝土構造則具有高強度、剛性、造價成本低、跨度較大等優勢。而台灣地區氣候潮濕、悶熱，若居住於複合式木構造住宅可以隔絕地面的濕氣，也可以減少害蟲入侵住宅等情況，同時對於室內具有調節溫濕度的功能，增加環境與居住者之熱舒適。 故本研究嘗試提出台灣高雄地區發展複合式木構造之可能性，在符合相同空調容積的前提之下，模擬可能的住宅型態樣式進行耗能差異及回收年限，再透過生命週期評估於使用維護階段進行環境衝擊的比較。因此本研究將透過EnergyPlus以及SimaPro軟體來進行模擬，比較高雄平地型地區的鋼筋混凝土與複合式木構造連棟式街屋之建築物使用階段日常使用耗能以及廢氣處理階段環境衝擊，期望作為台灣木構造建築未來發展的新選擇。\u0000 Greenhouse gas emissions increase global temperature and cause abnormal climate changes, which led to global warming. Due to the rise of environmental awareness, many countries have successfully implemented energy conservation and carbon reduction policies to curb the speed of global warming and reduce the carbon footprint. There are around 60% houses constructed by reinforced concrete buildings in Taiwan. It leads almost 70% of the energy use of the buildings from the consumption of air conditioners in residential and commercial buildings, which shows that the impact of the construction industry on the environment is very serious. Also, to reduce the heat transfer conductivity of reinforced concrete buildings, Taiwan has studied many international building materials for building insulation performance in recent years. In response to the problem of the climate change, the development of new regulations and materials, leads the development of construction to hybrid construction methods in Taiwan. The hybrid structure of wood construction combines the advantage of rigidity, sustainability and enhance efficiency. At the same time, the international community is actively discussing the possibility of future development of wood construction cities Therefore, this study attempts to propose the possibility of developing hybrid wood construction in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The energy consumption of Reinforced Concrete and Hybrid wood construction are simulated under the premise of meeting the same air-conditioning volume. Also, through the life cycle assessment for the daily use and maintenance session, environmental impacts and carbon emission are calculated. EnergyPlus and SimaPro software are used for simulation It is expected that a new choice for the future development of wooden construction would be proposed.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124762073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"國產材製成直交集成板之防火性能初探","authors":"林伊涵 林伊涵, 林慶元 Yi-Han Lin","doi":"10.53106/101632122021120118010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021120118010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 由於目前臺灣直交集成板（Cross-Laminated-Timber, CLT）大多為國外預製進口，若能直接運用國內生產木材，不旦可活絡國產材的市場，亦能輔助臺灣國產材製成CLT法規的推動。故本研究以國產材CLT進行耐火試驗初探，參考CNS12514-1「建築物構造部分之耐火試驗法」標準進行耐火試驗，以小尺寸45cm×45cm進行試驗，每次試驗為2至4片放入特製鐵框中以垂直(等同於牆)方向進行加熱，共加熱試驗6組總計20個試驗體。其中變數條件為三種國產材（柳杉Japanese cedar、臺灣杉Taiwania,及杉木China fir）、兩種膠合劑（間苯二酚樹脂膠合劑RF及乙烯脲酯膠合劑KR）及三種樹種強度（M30、M60及M90）分別進行30分鐘與60分鐘之耐火試驗。綜合變數條件及試體炭化深度比較，結果如下：1.柳杉為三種樹種中炭化深度最少之樹種。2.強度M30、M60及M90之平均炭化速率分別為0.67 mm/min、0.72 mm/min及0.79 mm/min，本實驗結果為等級越高有提高炭化速率的趨勢。3.膠合劑不同炭化深度較無差別，但膠合效果以間苯二酚樹脂為佳。\u0000 At present, cross-laminated-timber (CLT) buildings in Taiwan are prefabricated and imported from overseas. If wood materials made from domestic timber in Taiwan can be directly used, encouraging the market for domestic timber and assisting in the promotion of regulations for CLT made from domestic timber. This study is a preliminary discussion on fire resistance performance in accordance with the CNS12514-1 standard of CLT made from domestic timber. The experiments were conducted with a small timber size of 45cm×45cm. There were 20 test specimens carrying out the fire resistance test for respective 30 and 60 minutes. The variation of conditions included three domestic timber species (Japanese cedar, Taiwania, China fir), two types of adhesives (Resorcinol formaldehyde resin, Vinyl urethane adhesive) and three tree species strengths (M30, M60, M90). There were six times of fire resistance tests, with 2 to 4 pieces heated up in a special iron frame in each.In conclusion, comparison of the several variation conditions and the char depths of the test specimens, yielded the following results:1. Japanese cedar is the least char depths in the three domestic timber species. 2. In this study, the higher the level, the faster the charing rate.3. The best adhesive is resorcinol formaldehyde resin.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122882162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"圖、底與透明性：試論陳其寬先生建築與繪畫中共通的空間探索","authors":"薛孟琪 薛孟琪","doi":"10.53106/101632122021120118002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021120118002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 著名建築師、畫家陳其寬先生的建築設計與繪畫創作之間的關聯是一個重要卻尚未被充分探索的領域。為補此闕漏，本文以脈絡化的研究方法，將陳的繪畫創作以及四件早期建築設計作品放回20世紀前半葉視覺藝術與現代建築思潮共同發展的過程中探討，結合當時風行並影響他的《時間•空間•建築》、《視覺語言》和〈透明性〉等三部著作，探索當時國際上關注的「透明性」概念與「圖—底關係」如何啟發陳其寬先生的思維和表現方式。本文主張結合陳的繪畫與建築共同探討有助於得到更為整體的認識，並發現建築與繪畫是他用於探索同一種空間新觀念的兩種不同媒介。透過對陳之繪畫與建築作品的深入分析，本文指出：1. 陳透過「圖」與「底」之交互疊合，試驗其所造成看似裁切、實則使空間與畫面延伸之心理感知效果；2. 陳藉操作「現象的透明性」創造模糊多義的空間，從中既可見前述西方思潮帶來的影響，亦可見陳結合自身文化底蘊所開展出的創新路徑；3. 陳以具有地域特色的透空建築皮層、質紋拓墨／紙背塗色等特殊技法表現「字面的透明性」，一方面回應、修改了玻璃在西方建築、繪畫中表現透明性時扮演的角色，另一方面也同時挑戰、革新了中國傳統水墨與空間營造中既定的做法與價值觀。這些都是具有開創性的視覺與空間設計思維。陳其寬先生並非僅止於被動接受西方建築與繪畫的影響，而是以此為基礎，在持續的試驗中發展出嶄新的空間感受與視覺語言。\u0000 The correlation between architectural designs and paintings created by the distinguished architect and painter Chen Chi-Kwan has not yet been well discovered. To make up for this gap, this article methodologically contextualizes Chen’s paintings and early architectural designs together within the trends of Analytical Cubism and Architectural Modernism developed in the first half of the 20th century. Three crucial writings in understanding this correlation are identified as Space, Time and Architecture: The Growth of A New Tradition, Language of Vision, and Transparency: Literal and Phenomenon. By analogously comparing Chen’s architectural designs and paintings, the author points out that, first of all, via overlapping figure and ground, Chen experimented on the visual perception of excision and extension. Second, Chen played with “phenomenal transparency” and created spatial ambiguity. Although under apparent Western influences, Chen tried his own brand new ways of expression. Third, the concept of “literal transparency” and multi-layered space could also be seen in Chen’s works. However, certain special techniques he adopted not only redefined the materiality of glass, but also challenged the conventional ways of Chinese painting and building. Inspired by but not limited to Western Modernism, Chen Chi-Kwan developed his own spatial and visual languages with cultural characteristics. As two kinds of medium in exploring the same new spatial concept of transparency, architectural designs and paintings are complementary and equally satisfactory in result to Chen Chi-Kwan.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116939474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"高雄市綠屋頂政策的回應性評估研究","authors":"黃烱棋 黃烱棋, 陳瀅世 Chiung-Chi Huang","doi":"10.53106/101632122021120118003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53106/101632122021120118003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 以高雄市政府建築物立體綠化及綠屋頂補助計畫為評估對象，依據政策評估指標六面向:效能性、效率性、充分性、公平性、回應性、適當性為架構，深度訪談利害關係人，包含政策執行者、專業顧問、環保團體之政策監督者，以及使用者與受補助者。研究目的為評估政策實施品質，同時檢討政策推動的阻礙因素。研究結果顯示綠屋頂隔熱降溫效益獲得一致肯定，但減緩都市熱島效應之政策目標必須擴增綠化面積與提升植栽養護品質，長期持續實施之後才能正確評估效能。目前申請補助不踴躍，因為經濟誘因不足、宣導層面不廣。阻礙因素在於初期設置成本、後續維護費用負擔，以及人力不足。建議設計規劃階段提供專業技術輔導，包含水資源管理、防水層評估、生態美學教育，以及綠屋頂搭配光電板配置，結合開源節流策略，使綠屋頂能永續經營，有助於達成政策預期目標。\u0000 The present study aimed at conducting performance evaluation and making recommendations on the green roof subsidy policy that the Kaohsiung City Government promotes for existing buildings improvement. Analytical framework is based on the six aspects of policy evaluation indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, appropriateness. Stakeholder in-depth interviews on site were used to gather opinions and perceptions from policy implementers, consultant, policy supervisors of environmental protection association, as well as users and recipients. The purpose was to evaluate the quality of policy implementation and to review the impediments to policy promotion. The research results show that the effectiveness of green roof insulation and cooling has been unanimously affirmed. However, the policy goal of mitigating the urban heat island effect requires more greening and better quality of planting and maintenance which have to be implemented continuously for a long term in order to evaluate its effectiveness correctly. At the current stage, the challenges for the promotion of the green roof subsidy policy are passive applicants, insufficient incentives, and the narrow promotion of target users. The barriers of implementing green roofs for existing buildings are substantial upfront cost, maintenance costs and staff shortage. It is suggested that professional technical consultants should involve in the design planning, such as water resources management, the waterproof layer assessment, ecological aesthetics education, and the configuration of green roofs with photovoltaic panels. These integrated strategies of broadening income sources and economizing expenditure help to manage green roofs sustainably and to achieve the policy desired goals.\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":291191,"journal":{"name":"建築學報","volume":"296 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124028690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}