Corrosion Science最新文献_第6页

Stress corrosion behavior of 316 stainless steel tube under dual-loop high-temperature waters 316不锈钢管在双回路高温水中的应力腐蚀行为

IF 7.4 1区材料科学

Corrosion Science Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113683

Tingguang Liu , Yongming Han , Zhenhua Li , Yonghao Lu , Tetsuo Shoji

{"title":"Stress corrosion behavior of 316 stainless steel tube under dual-loop high-temperature waters","authors":"Tingguang Liu , Yongming Han , Zhenhua Li , Yonghao Lu , Tetsuo Shoji","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steam generator (SG) tubes in pressurized water reactors have been extensively studied; however, investigations using tubular specimens under simulated operating conditions, dual-loop environments of high-flowing high-temperature and high-pressure waters, remain scarce. In this work, a slow strain rate tensile test was conducted on a 316 stainless steel tube under such dual‑loop conditions that simulated a temperature difference of > 30 °C and a pressure difference of 7 MPa between the primary and secondary sides. The corrosion damage behavior on the inner and outer surfaces of the tube was systematically compared. The results show that oxidation was more severe on the inner surface, while cracks on the outer surface penetrated deeper, exhibiting typical intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) characteristics. In contrast, cracks on the inner surface were shallower (average depth about one‑third of that on the outer surface) but significantly denser (2.3 times that on the outer surface). The average crack spacing (35.3 μm) was close to the average grain size excluding twins (29.3 μm), suggesting that the majority of random high-angle grain boundaries in inner surface experienced cracking. Comprehensive analysis reveals that the dominant failure mechanism on the outer surface is IGSCC, whereas intergranular corrosion is the predominant failure mechanism on the inner surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113683"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and fabrication strategy for wear- and corrosion-resistant MAO coatings upon Mg-Li alloys via incorporation of conductive TiBCN ceramic nanoparticles 导电TiBCN陶瓷纳米颗粒在Mg-Li合金表面制备耐磨耐蚀氧化钨涂层的设计与制造策略

IF 7.4 1区材料科学

Corrosion Science Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113679

Bingzhi Li , Bingce Liu , Enyu Guo , Keqiang Su , Zhihao Zhou , Yibo Ouyang , Xingchen Li , Huijun Kang , Zongning Chen , Xiao-Bo Chen , Tongmin Wang

{"title":"Design and fabrication strategy for wear- and corrosion-resistant MAO coatings upon Mg-Li alloys via incorporation of conductive TiBCN ceramic nanoparticles","authors":"Bingzhi Li , Bingce Liu , Enyu Guo , Keqiang Su , Zhihao Zhou , Yibo Ouyang , Xingchen Li , Huijun Kang , Zongning Chen , Xiao-Bo Chen , Tongmin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) alloys are promising lightweight materials for engineering applications, but their use is limited by poor wear and corrosion resistance. To address those challenges, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were fabricated on a model Mg-Li alloy LA81 using electrolytes containing conductive ceramic nanoparticles (TiBCN). Results suggest that TiBCN enhances electrolyte conductivity and altering arc discharge behavior, thereby reducing overall porosity of the resultant MAO coatings. Comprehensive characterization including coating thickness, microstructure, triboelectrochemical and corrosion resistance identify 2.5 g/L TiBCN as the optimal concentration. This formulation exhibits enhanced corrosion resistance, wear resistance and a notably low pore density. Three-dimensional evolution of corrosion in the optimized MAO coating was examined using synchrotron X-ray computed tomography. In corrosive environments, the combined effects of corrosion and expansion of corrosion products alter size, shape, and number of microdefects in MAO coatings over time. These changes were driven by the interactions between localized corrosion propagation and the accumulation and expansion of corrosion products. Ultimately, neighboring micro-defects merged, forming interconnected through-pores and accelerating MAO coating degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113679"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Failure mechanism of K411 superalloy under the coupling effect of corrosion and creep 腐蚀与蠕变耦合作用下K411高温合金的破坏机理

IF 7.4 1区材料科学

Corrosion Science Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113663

Ren Yu , Yao Wang , Jiasheng Dong , Yu Chang , Min Li , Lei Wang

{"title":"Failure mechanism of K411 superalloy under the coupling effect of corrosion and creep","authors":"Ren Yu , Yao Wang , Jiasheng Dong , Yu Chang , Min Li , Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coupling effect of corrosion and creep on failure mechanism of K411 nickel-based superalloy under a simulated turbine blade service conditions (900 °C/165 MPa with 2 vol% SO<sub>2</sub>) was investigated. The results show that the creep rupture time in coupling environment decreased around 73 % comparing with that of normal creep. The presence of SO<sub>2</sub> in the environment leads to the formation of voids, which serve as rapid diffusion pathways for nitrogen. Subsequently, nitrogen transport was enhanced by applied stress through dislocation-pipe diffusion mechanisms. This coupling effect promotes extensive formation of needle-like and cross-shaped TiN precipitates. The TiN precipitation consumes main γ'-forming elements Ti, generating γ'-free zone beneath corrosion scale measuring approximately 34 ± 3.2 μm in width (increased around 143 %). At the TiN/substrate interfaces, strain incompatibility leads to void nucleation, which was further interconnected and transformed into crack. These cracks then combined with voids initiated by sulphides, leading to surface crack formation and premature failure. The coupling effect of corrosion and creep accelerates nitrogen permeation, which constitutes the fundamental mechanism of the significant rupture time reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113663"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anisotropic corrosion study of Q345 steel incorporating experiment-informed polycrystalline modelling 采用实验多晶模型的Q345钢各向异性腐蚀研究

IF 7.4 1区材料科学

Corrosion Science Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113630

Lichao Xu , Xin Ruan , Fabio Biondini , Qidi Wang

{"title":"Anisotropic corrosion study of Q345 steel incorporating experiment-informed polycrystalline modelling","authors":"Lichao Xu , Xin Ruan , Fabio Biondini , Qidi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the corrosion behaviour of Q345 steel in different directions, considering the characteristics of polycrystalline microstructures. Based on metallographic experimental results, a polycrystalline-structure dimensional upscaling modelling method (2D to 3D) is proposed to construct refined microstructural models. Building on these models, a pit-evolution prediction model is developed to reveal and quantitatively characterize the influence of microstructure on the corrosion process. The proposed polycrystalline modelling method and the baseline corrosion-prediction model are validated through comparisons with metallographic and corrosion experiments, thereby ensuring the reliability of the subsequent extended analyses. On this basis, a systematic comparative study is conducted, supported by cross-validation between numerical simulations and corrosion experiments, to evaluate the directional corrosion behaviour of Q345 steel and to quantitatively assess the anisotropic corrosion characteristics of engineering structural steel. The results indicate that polycrystalline microstructures exert a significant influence on the corrosion process of engineering steels: the corrosion rate along the direction of multilayer grain-boundary stacking is higher than that in other directions. When the corrosion mass-loss ratio reaches approximately 2 %, this directional difference corresponds to a maximum difference of 23.03 % in localized pit depth. Therefore, accurate consideration of polycrystalline microstructures is necessary for reliable corrosion prediction of steel structures. These findings not only provide a reasonable explanation for the frequently observed abnormally rapid edge corrosion in steel components of engineering structures, but also offer a robust tool for refined corrosion prediction and analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113630"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unraveling the influence of redox conditions on corrosion product deposition in Cr-coated cladding 揭示氧化还原条件对cr包覆层腐蚀产物沉积的影响

IF 7.4 1区材料科学

Corrosion Science Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113672

Tao Huang , Fujie Zhou , Shixin Gao , Huifang Yue , Kun Zhang , Junsen Fu , Yao Xiao , Zhao Shen , Hua Pang , Lefu Zhang , Kai Chen

{"title":"Unraveling the influence of redox conditions on corrosion product deposition in Cr-coated cladding","authors":"Tao Huang , Fujie Zhou , Shixin Gao , Huifang Yue , Kun Zhang , Junsen Fu , Yao Xiao , Zhao Shen , Hua Pang , Lefu Zhang , Kai Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The redox condition plays a decisive role in the high temperature corrosion resistance of Cr coatings, while its influence on corrosion product deposition remains insufficiently understood. In this study, long-term deposition tests were conducted in an internally heated recirculating loop, combined with high-resolution characterization, to investigate the corrosion product deposition behavior of Cr-coating in high-temperature water under different redox conditions. Results show that under reducing conditions, the deposits primarily consist of coarse Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles. Although Cr species were barely detectable in water (<1 ppb), the Cr coating undergoes slight dissolution-redeposition, leading to the accumulation of Cr oxides that accounted for nearly 20 % of the inner deposits. In contrast, under oxidizing conditions, the Cr coating experiences severe porous dissolution, accompanied by significant dissolution-redeposition. The deposit layer is considerably thicker and is mainly composed of fine Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/(Ni,Fe)Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> core-shell structured particles, with locally dense CrOOH precipitates within the inner deposits. A thermodynamic Fe-Cr-Ni precipitation model was developed to elucidate the underlying deposition mechanisms under different redox conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113672"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis, microstructure and properties of SiC reinforced MoAlB composites prepared by fast hot-pressing sintering 快速热压烧结SiC增强MoAlB复合材料的合成、组织与性能

IF 7.4 1区材料科学

Corrosion Science Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113662

Mingkun Xiao , Yaofeng Wu , Qing Chang , Yanjiao Liu , Ce Zheng , Xiaoqiang Li , Chao Ye

{"title":"Synthesis, microstructure and properties of SiC reinforced MoAlB composites prepared by fast hot-pressing sintering","authors":"Mingkun Xiao , Yaofeng Wu , Qing Chang , Yanjiao Liu , Ce Zheng , Xiaoqiang Li , Chao Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SiC-reinforced MoAlB composites (5–20 wt%) were fabricated via fast hot-pressing (FHP) to enhance high-temperature performance. Phase-pure MoAlB powder was first synthesized by vacuum sintering stoichiometric Mo/Al/B (1:1.3:1 mol) at 1250 ℃ (<10⁻³ Pa). Composites were consolidated by FHP (1200 °C, 40 MPa, 10 min, vacuum), achieving near-full densification (98.3 % relative density) with chemically inert MoAlB-SiC interfaces, as confirmed by XRD/SEM-EDS. The 10 wt% SiC composite delivered optimal mechanical properties: flexural strength to 615 MPa (+35 %), hardness to 30.6 GPa (+60 %), Vickers hardness to 12.8 Gpa (+62 %) and indentation fracture toughness to 8.95 MPa·m<sup>1/2</sup> (+70 %) versus monolithic MoAlB. Cyclic oxidation (900–1200 °C) demonstrated SiC-induced formation of a protective dual-phase (Al₂O₃-SiO₂) scale following parabolic kinetics. This synergistic barrier suppressed cation interdiffusion, reducing oxidation rates by 42–68 % across temperatures compared to unmodified MoAlB. The results establish MoAlB-SiC composites as promising candidates for extreme-environment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 113662"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regression analysis of metal dusting of Ni-based multicomponent dilute alloys: Impact of Cu and Fe ni基多组分稀合金金属粉尘的回归分析：Cu和Fe的影响

IF 7.4 1区材料科学

Corrosion Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113593

C. Schlereth , E. White , G. Chai , M. Lundberg , M.C. Galetz

引用次数: 0

Unexpected low temperature crack propagation in nuclear post-shutdown water chemistry of Alloy 52 with potential effects of hydrogen 氢的潜在影响下52合金核后停堆水化学中的意外低温裂纹扩展

IF 7.4 1区材料科学

Corrosion Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113604

Pedro A. Ferreirós , Ulla Ehrnstén , Yanling Ge , Björn Forssgren , Mimmi Bäck , Song Lu , Pål Efsing , Zaiqing Que

{"title":"Unexpected low temperature crack propagation in nuclear post-shutdown water chemistry of Alloy 52 with potential effects of hydrogen","authors":"Pedro A. Ferreirós , Ulla Ehrnstén , Yanling Ge , Björn Forssgren , Mimmi Bäck , Song Lu , Pål Efsing , Zaiqing Que","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constant-displacement bolt-loaded compact tension specimens of Nickel-based Alloy 52 were exposed to boiling water reactor environment for 12 years, followed by an additional 3 years in post-shutdown cold water conditions in a Swedish nuclear power plant test loop, under a stress intensity factor of 20 MPa√m. After outer surface decontamination and specimen opening, unexpected crack extensions of 3–4.5 mm were observed. The fracture surface and the cross-sectional deformation microstructure were examined by electron microscopies techniques down to the nanoscale. The oxide layer in the region exhibiting unexpected crack growth was notably thin, suggesting that it formed after exposure to elevated operating temperatures. The dominant fracture mode is transgranular, propagating along close-packed {111} planes. The grains contained heterogeneous microstructures with regions enriched in nanometer-sized Ti(N,C) and the zigzag crack paths did not traverse these regions strengthened areas. Extensive shear bands were present near the crack tips, indicating pronounced localized plasticity. Hydrogen reduces stacking fault energy, results in localized plasticity and enhances shear bands formation. Low temperature crack propagation with evident effects of hydrogen was considered as the potential cause of crack propagation in Alloy 52 in the absence of external dynamic loading under post-shutdown cold water chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 113604"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrogen embrittlement in low-Ni austenitic stainless steel: Microstructure-driven mechanisms revealed by experimental and simulation study 低镍奥氏体不锈钢的氢脆：微观组织驱动机制的实验和模拟研究

IF 7.4 1区材料科学

Corrosion Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113598

Yeonggeun Cho , Hyung-Jun Cho , Jinheung Park , Sung-Joon Kim

{"title":"Hydrogen embrittlement in low-Ni austenitic stainless steel: Microstructure-driven mechanisms revealed by experimental and simulation study","authors":"Yeonggeun Cho , Hyung-Jun Cho , Jinheung Park , Sung-Joon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigated the microstructure-driven mechanisms governing hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in low-Ni austenitic stainless steels, by integrating multi-scale experimental analysis with crystal plasticity and hydrogen transport simulations. The results revealed that while α’ martensite increases susceptibility to HE, grain-size heterogeneity and intragranular nanoscale carbides play critical roles in local H distribution and H-induced cracking. Grain refinement enhanced strength and decreased H uptake; however<strong>,</strong> simulations demonstrated that inevitable grain-size deviations induced stress heterogeneity between fine and coarse grains. H segregation along high-angle grain boundaries, coupled with stress heterogeneity, promoted localized H-induced cracking in highly deformed regions to deteriorate HE resistance. Increased carbon content for strengthening facilitated the precipitation of nanoscale Cr<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides within austenite grains, but these carbides increased the uptake of diffusible H. Their interfaces acted as preferential crack initiation sites in central regions, and the cracks propagated toward the surface during deformation. Surface H-induced cracks generated additional stress concentrations in the interior, which synergized negatively with central cracking to accelerate premature fracture of the steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 113598"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insight into the corrosion mechanism of pre-stressed 9Cr RAFM steel with long-term thermal aging exposed to oxygen saturated LBE at 550 ℃ 550℃饱和氧LBE下长期热时效的预应力9Cr RAFM钢腐蚀机理研究

IF 7.4 1区材料科学

Corrosion Science Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113619

Chao Hai , Tingjun Huang , Huaiyun Cui , Qunying Huang , Yutao Zhai

{"title":"Insight into the corrosion mechanism of pre-stressed 9Cr RAFM steel with long-term thermal aging exposed to oxygen saturated LBE at 550 ℃","authors":"Chao Hai , Tingjun Huang , Huaiyun Cui , Qunying Huang , Yutao Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.corsci.2026.113619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In fast neutron reactors, the degradation of microstructures and buildup of stress in structural materials significantly affect their performance and structural integrity under high temperatures and corrosive coolant environments. This study examines the microstructural evolution of 9Cr reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM) steel after thermal aging at 550℃ for 2000 h, and its subsequent influence on oxidation corrosion under stress in an oxygen-saturated lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) environment. The resulting oxide layer was found to comprise Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, Fe-Cr spinel and an inner oxidation zone (IOZ). During the thermal aging, coarsening of M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides reduced the passivation capability of the steel and accelerated the initial stage of LBE corrosion. Moreover, those coarsened M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> precipitates preferentially oxidized to form oxides Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, which increased the thickness of IOZ layer. The stress was observed to markedly enhance the corrosion rate, an effect that was further amplified by long-term thermal aging. The underlying mechanisms were discussed with the framework of the available space model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":290,"journal":{"name":"Corrosion Science","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 113619"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0