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Designing and Implementing a Microstrip Antenna on LoRa Frequency for Smart Meter Communication 用于智能电表通信的LoRa频率微带天线的设计与实现
Electronics ETF Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.53314/els2226009w
P. Wounchoum, Akekapong Kongsavat, Chalakorn Karupongsiri
{"title":"Designing and Implementing a Microstrip Antenna on LoRa Frequency for Smart Meter Communication","authors":"P. Wounchoum, Akekapong Kongsavat, Chalakorn Karupongsiri","doi":"10.53314/els2226009w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53314/els2226009w","url":null,"abstract":"The long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) has been widely used for sensor networks, including smart meter (SM). The SM can report power consumption to the control center automatically via a communication link. An antenna is a key component to indicate an effective communication system. The microstrip antenna (MSA) works based on the unidirectional radiation pattern. The advantages of MSA are its light weight, small size, and ability to be easily etched on a print circuit board. These advantages are needed for the SM communication because SMs are installed on electric poles that have limited space. In this pa- per, we implement the MSA for SM communication on LoRaWAN technology that operates at a frequency of 920–925 MHz in Thailand. The proposed MSA is used to design a new path loss model for LoRaWAN in urban areas. Results show that our MSA is effectively close to commercial antennas in a 2.2 km range, with the packet delivery ratio reaching 52.93%. We analyze the results by using a mathematical equation that includes the free space model, the Okumura–Hata model, root mean squared error, and coefficient of determination.","PeriodicalId":290965,"journal":{"name":"Electronics ETF","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132749611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and Simulation of a Power System Composed of Grid-tied Five-level Inverter with LCL Filter 带LCL滤波器并网五电平逆变器电力系统的设计与仿真
Electronics ETF Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.53314/els2226017e
O. Elamri, A. Oukassi, Alla Eddine Toubal Maamar, L. El Bahir
{"title":"Design and Simulation of a Power System Composed of Grid-tied Five-level Inverter with LCL Filter","authors":"O. Elamri, A. Oukassi, Alla Eddine Toubal Maamar, L. El Bahir","doi":"10.53314/els2226017e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53314/els2226017e","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the analysis, design, and simulation of a power system composed of a grid-tied single-phase five-level inverter with an LCL filter. First, the analysis of the proposed system has been carried out in the decoupled Direct-Quadrature frame, where the Phase-Lock-Loop technique has been used for synchronizing the LCL-filter-connected-grid with the five-level inverter. Next, the design of the LCL filter has been discussed. In this paper, we focused on the active power control based on grid current adjustment using a proportional-integral regulator and a high-frequency modulation technique for the switching of a five-level inverter, where the Sinusoidal-Pulse-Width-Modulation technique is selected. All circuit design and control schemes are discussed step by step to provide the effectiveness of the system analysis. The theoretical analysis is verified through simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink environments. An important finding when using the five-level inverter in a grid-connect system is improving the system output voltage; the total standing voltage and the total harmonic distortion are decreased compared to a conventional H-bridge inverter. The results indicate that the total harmonic distortion of grid-current is less than 0.2%, which is according to the international standards.","PeriodicalId":290965,"journal":{"name":"Electronics ETF","volume":"272 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116048802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor with Stator Flux Estimation Based on an Improved Voltage Model 基于改进电压模型的定子磁链估计异步电动机直接转矩控制
Electronics ETF Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.53314/els2226026b
Abdelkarim Belbali, S. Makhloufi
{"title":"Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor with Stator Flux Estimation Based on an Improved Voltage Model","authors":"Abdelkarim Belbali, S. Makhloufi","doi":"10.53314/els2226026b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53314/els2226026b","url":null,"abstract":"Using sensors to measure the stator flux for induction motor presents many drawbacks such as far less reliability, noisy signals, vibration, and additional cost. Thus, it is essential to synthesize an estimator (also called a software sensor) allowing to replace the hardware sensor, for the flux estimation. In general, this estimation is done by integrating the back electromotive force (EMF) of the stator. However, the presence of the pure integrator presents problems due to the inevitable DC component and the initial condition error in the back EMF. To overcome these problems, a low pass filter has been used in the literature. Nevertheless, this solution does not solve the problem of undesirable high-frequency noise, especially at low speed. In this paper, we present a solution to improve the stator flux estimator by proposing a fractional or- der integrator to estimate the flux at low speed. This solution does not require any hardware device; it involves low calculation time and provides accurate practical results. The proposed solution has been implemented using the dSPACE 1104 platform.","PeriodicalId":290965,"journal":{"name":"Electronics ETF","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115872615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Single Event Effect Analysis of SiGe Low Noise Amplifier SiGe低噪声放大器的单事件效应分析
Electronics ETF Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.53314/els2125057b
Manel Bouhouche, S. Latreche
{"title":"Single Event Effect Analysis of SiGe Low Noise Amplifier","authors":"Manel Bouhouche, S. Latreche","doi":"10.53314/els2125057b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53314/els2125057b","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the single event transient (SET) response of low noise amplifier (LNA) designed using SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT). To verify the radiation tolerance of the proposed LNA, a total of four cascode configurations were designed. Comprehensive mixed-mode simulations were performed to evaluate the SET susceptibility of considered LNA cascode configurations, and we have analyzed how the strike parameters affect their output response. In this fact the strike position, linear energy transfer (LET), and track radius, were varied, and the resulting transients were compared for the different LNA configurations. Through this study, the potential capability of the inverse mode SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) in LNA radiation tolerance was confirmed for various strike operating conditions. It has been demonstrated that the single event sensitivity was reduced for LNA employing inverse mode SiGe HBT for strike device. The strike influence on the different LNA configurations response depends on strike LET, where a reduced SET variation is observed for high LET.","PeriodicalId":290965,"journal":{"name":"Electronics ETF","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129451617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in a Micro-grid Using Internet of Things and Blockchain 基于物联网和区块链的微电网点对点能源交易
Electronics ETF Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.53314/els2125039b
Mirza Jabbar Aziz Baig, M. Iqbal, M. Jamil, Jahangir Khan
{"title":"Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in a Micro-grid Using Internet of Things and Blockchain","authors":"Mirza Jabbar Aziz Baig, M. Iqbal, M. Jamil, Jahangir Khan","doi":"10.53314/els2125039b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53314/els2125039b","url":null,"abstract":"With advancements in renewable energy techno­logies, consumers are becoming prosumers, and renewable energy resources are being used in distributed networks. In an isolated distributed system, peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is one of the most promising energy management solutions. In this paper, we propose a P2P energy trading method for micro-grids using open resources and technology. The proposed setup comprises an Internet of Things (IoT) server to transfer energy amongst the peers without human intervention, and an Ethereum based private blockchain is suggested for money transfer in the form of cryptocurrency. The IoT server enables the peers to control and monitor self-produced energy. Arduino UNO, ACS 712 hall-effect current sensor, and a relay are the main components used in the hardware setup. The current sensor data is sent in real- time to Arduino for onward communication to the IoT server. A user-friendly interface has been developed on the server to perform various energy trading tasks. Peers have the choice to access the server remotely to perform energy trading tasks. The energy trading events can be shared amongst peers through e-mail notifications. For financial transactions, we utilized Ganache graphical user interface (GUI) a private Ethereum blockchain eliminating the need for financial institutions. The proposed peer-to-peer energy trading model has been successfully tested for energy trading between two peers. This paper provides details of the proposed hardware and software setup and explains how low-cost P2P energy trading can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":290965,"journal":{"name":"Electronics ETF","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121841182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
A Current Mode Universal Filter and a Single Resistance Controlled Oscillator Employing only Grounded Passive Elements: Applications of VDCC 电流模式通用滤波器和仅采用接地无源元件的单电阻控制振荡器:VDCC的应用
Electronics ETF Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.53314/els2125065a
Tajinder Singh Arora
{"title":"A Current Mode Universal Filter and a Single Resistance Controlled Oscillator Employing only Grounded Passive Elements: Applications of VDCC","authors":"Tajinder Singh Arora","doi":"10.53314/els2125065a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53314/els2125065a","url":null,"abstract":"This research article explores the possible applications of voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC), as a current mode universal filter and a sinusoidal oscillator. Without the need for an additional active/passive element, a very simple hardware modification makes it a dual-mode quadrature oscillator from the filter configuration. Both the proposed circuit requires only two VDCC and all grounded passive elements, hence a preferable choice for integration. The filter has some desirable features such as availability of all five explicit outputs, independent tunability of filter parameters. Availability of explicit quadrature current outputs, independence in start and frequency of oscillations, makes it a better oscillator design. Apart from prevalent CMOS simulation results, VDCC is also realized and experimentally tested using the off-the-shelf integrated circuit. All the pen and paper analysis such as non-ideal, sensitivity and parasitic analysis supports the design.","PeriodicalId":290965,"journal":{"name":"Electronics ETF","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115854561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prediction Model of Soil Electrical Conductivity Based on ELM Optimized by Bald Eagle Search Algorithm 秃鹰搜索算法优化的ELM土壤电导率预测模型
Electronics ETF Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.53314/els2125050h
Ying Huang, Hao Jiang, Weixing Wang, Daozong Sun
{"title":"Prediction Model of Soil Electrical Conductivity Based on ELM Optimized by Bald Eagle Search Algorithm","authors":"Ying Huang, Hao Jiang, Weixing Wang, Daozong Sun","doi":"10.53314/els2125050h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53314/els2125050h","url":null,"abstract":"Soil electrical conductivity is one of the indispensable and important parameters in fine agriculture management, and a suitable soil electrical conductivity can promote good plant growth. Prediction model of soil electrical conductivity is constructed to effectively obtain the conductivity values of soil, which can provide a reference basis for irrigation and fertilization management and prediction evaluation in fine agriculture. Prediction model of soil electrical conductivity based on extreme learning machine (ELM) optimized by bald eagle search (BES) algorithm is proposed in this paper. In the prediction model, the input weights and bias values of the ELM network were optimized using the BES algorithm, and the performance of the model was evaluated with parameters such as mean square error (MSE), coefficient of determination (R^2). Also, the correlations of parameters such as soil temperature, moisture content, pH, and water potential in the soil conductivity prediction model were determined using the exploratory data analysis (EDA) and HeatMap heat map tools. Finally, the proposed model was compared with back propagation neural network (BP), radial basis function networks (RBF), support vector machine (SVM), gated recurrent neural network (GRNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), particle swarm algorithm (PSO) optimization ELM, genetic algorithm (GA) optimized ELM prediction model. The experimental results showed that MSE, R^2 of the proposed model are 4.09 and 0.941, which are better than the other models. Also the results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method, which is a feasible prediction method to guide the irrigation and fertilization management in fine agriculture, because of its good prediction effect on soil conductivity.","PeriodicalId":290965,"journal":{"name":"Electronics ETF","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116189838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
On The Implementation of Densely Packed Decimal Number System Based Adder: Prospects and Challenges
Electronics ETF Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.53314/els2125020b
Srikant Kumar Beura, Rekib Ahmed, B. P. Devi, P. Saha
{"title":"On The Implementation of Densely Packed Decimal Number System Based Adder: Prospects and Challenges","authors":"Srikant Kumar Beura, Rekib Ahmed, B. P. Devi, P. Saha","doi":"10.53314/els2125020b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53314/els2125020b","url":null,"abstract":"Decimal digit number computation, through bit compression methodology, offers space and time saving, which can be incurred by the Chen-Ho and Densely Packed Decimal (DPD) coding techniques. Such coding techniques have a property of bit compression, like, three decimal digits can be represented by 10 bits instead of 12 bits in binary coded decimal (BCD) format. The compression has been obtained through the elimination of the redundant 0’s from BCD representation. This manuscript reports the pros and cons of the techniques mentioned above. The logic level functionalities have been examined through MATLAB, whereas circuit simulation has been erified through Cadence Spectre. Performance parameters (such as delay, power consumption) have been evaluated through CMOS gpdk45 nm technology. Furthermore, the best design has been chosen from them, and the decimal adder design technique has been incorporated in this paper.","PeriodicalId":290965,"journal":{"name":"Electronics ETF","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122579264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dual Notched-Band Crescent Moon Dielectric Resonator Antenna 双陷波带新月介电谐振器天线
Electronics ETF Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.53314/els2125011d
Mohamed Debab, A. Bendaoudi, Z. Mahdjoub
{"title":"Dual Notched-Band Crescent Moon Dielectric Resonator Antenna","authors":"Mohamed Debab, A. Bendaoudi, Z. Mahdjoub","doi":"10.53314/els2125011d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53314/els2125011d","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a dual-band notched ultra-wideband (UWB) dielectric resonator antenna is proposed. The antenna structure consists of Crescent Moon Dielectric Resonator (CMDR) fed by a stepped microstrip monopole printed antenna, partial ground plane, and an I-shaped stub. The Crescent Moon dielectric resonator is placed on the microstrip monopole printed antenna to achieve wide impedance bandwidth, and the I-shaped stub is utilized to improve impedance bandwidth for the WiMAX band. A comprehensive parametric study is carried out using HFSS software to achieve the optimum antenna performance and optimize the bandwidth of the proposed antenna. The entire band is useful with two filtered bands at 5.5 GHz and 6.8 GHz by the creation of notches. The band’s rejection, WLAN band (5.2–5.7 GHz), and the downlink frequency band of ITU 7 GHz-band for satellite communication (6.5–7.3 GHz) is realized by inserting G-shaped and C-shaped slots in the ground. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CMDR antenna achieves satisfactory UWB performance, with an impedance bandwidth of around 88.7%, covers the frequency band of 3.2 - 8.3 GHz, excluding a rejection band for the WLAN and ITU 7 GHz band. The CMDR is simulated using HFSS and CST high-frequency simulators.","PeriodicalId":290965,"journal":{"name":"Electronics ETF","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121243767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Harmonic Elimination in Uniform Step Nine-Level Inverter Using Differential Evolution: Experimental Validation 基于差分进化的均匀步进九电平逆变器谐波消除:实验验证
Electronics ETF Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.53314/els2125031a
Rim Feyrouz Abdelgoui, R. Taleb, A. Bentaallah, F. Chabni
{"title":"Harmonic Elimination in Uniform Step Nine-Level Inverter Using Differential Evolution: Experimental Validation","authors":"Rim Feyrouz Abdelgoui, R. Taleb, A. Bentaallah, F. Chabni","doi":"10.53314/els2125031a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53314/els2125031a","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the application of differential evolution algorithm to compute optimal switching angles for a single-phase nine-level inverter to improve the output voltage quality. The topology of the proposed inverter in this article is a simple cascade converter composed of two H-bridge cells with non-equal DC voltage sources in order to generate multiple voltage levels. Selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation strategy is used to improve the generated AC output voltage waveform. The differential evolution optimization algorithm is used to solve non-linear transcendental equations necessary for the (SHPWM). Computational results obtained from computer simulations presented a good agreement with the theoretical predictions. A laboratory prototype based on STM32F407 microcontroller was built in order to validate the simulation results. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed modulation method.","PeriodicalId":290965,"journal":{"name":"Electronics ETF","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121052323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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