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Household Search and the Aggregate Labor Market 家庭搜索与总劳动力市场
ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-09-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2656998
Jochen Mankart, Rigas Oikonomou
{"title":"Household Search and the Aggregate Labor Market","authors":"Jochen Mankart, Rigas Oikonomou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2656998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2656998","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a theoretical model with labor market frictions, incomplete financial markets and with households which have two members. Households face unemployment risks but their members adjust their labor supplies to insure against unemployment. We use the model to explain the cyclical properties of aggregate employment and participation. As in the US data, the model predicts that the participation rate (the fraction of individuals that want jobs) is not strongly correlated with aggregate economic activity. This property is in sharp contrast to the strongly procyclical participation predicted by both neoclassical models and models with search frictions, when we assume bachelor households or households with infinitely many members (complete markets). In the two member household model and in the data, primary earners are always in the labor force, secondary earners have a mildly countercyclical participation rate and a mildly procyclical employment rate. Their behavior insures the household against unemployment risks.","PeriodicalId":289235,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125983054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 53
Lighting Up the Last Mile: The Benefits and Costs of Extending Electricity to the Rural Poor 点亮最后一英里:向农村贫困人口提供电力的收益和成本
ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-07-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2851907
U. Chakravorty, K. Emerick, Majah-Leah V. Ravago
{"title":"Lighting Up the Last Mile: The Benefits and Costs of Extending Electricity to the Rural Poor","authors":"U. Chakravorty, K. Emerick, Majah-Leah V. Ravago","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2851907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2851907","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately one billion people live without access to electricity. However, there has been no study that rigorously estimates both the realized benefits and costs of electricity provision. In this paper, we document substantial short-run welfare gains from electricity expansion in the Philippines. We first project the expansion of the electricity grid under a least-cost first principle. Using this projected expansion as an instrument, we estimate large impacts of electricity infrastructure on household income and expenditures. We then use data on costs of electrifying individual villages to show that in a majority of cases, the physical cost of expanding electricity infrastructure is recovered after only a single year of realized expenditure gains. Finally, we find that electricity does not increase employment, suggesting that increased labor force participation is not the relevant mechanism. Rather, increases in agricultural income appear to account for a meaningful share of the income gains from electrification. These findings suggest that the benefits to rural electrification may be significantly high, even in the very short run.","PeriodicalId":289235,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic)","volume":" 63","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120826726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 46
The Effects of Labour Market Reforms upon Unemployment and Income Inequalities: An Agent Based Model 劳动力市场改革对失业和收入不平等的影响:一个基于代理的模型
ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-07-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2804220
G. Dosi, M. C. Pereira, A. Roventini, M. Virgillito
{"title":"The Effects of Labour Market Reforms upon Unemployment and Income Inequalities: An Agent Based Model","authors":"G. Dosi, M. C. Pereira, A. Roventini, M. Virgillito","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2804220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2804220","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is meant to analyse the effects of labour market structural reforms by means of an agent-based model. Building on Dosi et al., (2016b) we introduce a policy regime change characterized by a set of structural reforms on the labour market, keeping constant the structure of the capital- and consumption-good markets. Confirming a recent IMF report (Jaumotte and Buitron, 2015), the model shows how labour market structural reforms reducing workersu bargaining power and compressing wages tend to increase (i) unemployment, (ii) functional income inequality, and (iii) personal income inequality. We further undertake a global sensitivity analysis on key variables and parameters which confirms the robustness of our findings.","PeriodicalId":289235,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131061192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 83
The Welfare Effects of Involuntary Part-Time Work 非自愿兼职工作的福利效应
ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2758097
Daniel Borowczyk-Martins, E. Lalé
{"title":"The Welfare Effects of Involuntary Part-Time Work","authors":"Daniel Borowczyk-Martins, E. Lalé","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2758097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2758097","url":null,"abstract":"Employed individuals in the U.S. are increasingly more likely to work part-time involuntarily than to be unemployed. Spells of involuntary part-time work are different from unemployment spells: a full-time worker who takes on a part-time job suffers an earnings loss while remaining employed, and is unlikely to receive income compensation from publicly-provided insurance programs.We analyze these differences through the lens of an incomplete-market, job-search model featuring unemployment risk alongside an additional risk of involuntary part-time employment.A calibration of the model consistent with U.S. institutions and labor-market dynamics shows that involuntary part-time work generates lower welfare losses relative to unemployment. This finding relies critically on the much higher probability to return to full-time employment from part-time work. We interpret it as a premium in access to full-time work faced by involuntary part-time workers, and use our model to tabulate its value in consumption-equivalent units.","PeriodicalId":289235,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic)","volume":"05 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123800485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Better Urban Transport Improves Labour Market Outcomes: Evidence from a Subway Expansion in Chile 更好的城市交通改善劳动力市场结果:来自智利地铁扩建的证据
ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-05-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2781807
Kenzo Asahi
{"title":"Better Urban Transport Improves Labour Market Outcomes: Evidence from a Subway Expansion in Chile","authors":"Kenzo Asahi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2781807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2781807","url":null,"abstract":"This paper identifies and quantifies the effects of better transport accessibility on labour market outcomes. A 24 km new subway line and the extension of two existing lines in Santiago (Chile) in the mid-2000s reduced the distance between the subway network and 29 (out of 35) municipalities in the urban area of the city’s Metropolitan Region. Estimates are derived using fixed effects models that account for endogeneity in the relation between employment outcomes and workers’ municipality of residence–subway network distance. Increased proximity to the subway network is associated with a higher employment rate and hours of work; this association is especially strong for women.","PeriodicalId":289235,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124712476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A Mixture Model of Errors in Twin Education Reports 双胞胎教育报告中错误的混合模型
ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-04-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2767060
C. Adams
{"title":"A Mixture Model of Errors in Twin Education Reports","authors":"C. Adams","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2767060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2767060","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement error is a potential problem with estimating the wage effect associated with first-differences in twin's education levels. To account for this, Ashenfelter and Rouse (1998) provided two reports of each twin's education level. One is the own report and the second is the sibling's report. This paper uses recent results on finite mixture models (Adams (2016)), to show this may be enough information to identify the underlying true education level without requiring additive measurement errors. The estimated returns to education are shown to be either the same or below the IV estimates presented in Ashenfelter and Rouse (1998). The strong parametric restrictions of the IV or \"classical measurement error\" approach may overestimate returns to education by up to 21%.","PeriodicalId":289235,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127878352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acute Health Shocks and Labour Market Outcomes 急性健康冲击和劳动力市场结果
ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-03-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2752356
Andrew M. Jones, N. Rice, Francesca Zantomio
{"title":"Acute Health Shocks and Labour Market Outcomes","authors":"Andrew M. Jones, N. Rice, Francesca Zantomio","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2752356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2752356","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the labour supply response to acute health shocks experienced in the post-crash labour market by individuals of working age, using data from Understanding Society. Identification that exploits uncertainty in the timing of an acute health shock, defined by the incidence of cancer, stroke, or heart attack. Results, obtained through a combination of coarsened exact and propensity score matching, show acute health shocks significantly reduce participation, with younger workers displaying stronger labour market attachment. The impact on older, more educated, women suggests an important role for preferences, financial constraints, and intra-household division of labour determining labour supply decisions.","PeriodicalId":289235,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128302356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Beyond the Employment Agency: The Effect of Social Capital on the Duration of Unemployment 超越职业介绍所:社会资本对失业持续时间的影响
ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2725867
Philipp Marek, B. Damm, Tong-Yaa Su
{"title":"Beyond the Employment Agency: The Effect of Social Capital on the Duration of Unemployment","authors":"Philipp Marek, B. Damm, Tong-Yaa Su","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2725867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2725867","url":null,"abstract":"This paper relates an individual’s social capital and the length of unemployment spells of the very same individual. For this purpose, we analyze several facets of an agent’s social activities as determinants of her social capital. Social activities lead to social interactions within organizational settings, which build up social capital at the group level. Via social interactions an exchange of knowledge emerges, including information on opportunities to get a job. An econometric duration model based on German data is applied to empirically research the relationship between social capital and the duration of unemployment. Our results show that an individual’s social capital positively affects an agent’s probability to take up employment in the next time period. This implies social capital shortens the length of an unemployment spell significantly.","PeriodicalId":289235,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125543301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pension Wealth and Maternal Employment: Evidence from a Reform of the German Child Care Pension Benefit 养老金财富与母亲就业:来自德国托儿养老金福利改革的证据
ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2647245
A. Thiemann
{"title":"Pension Wealth and Maternal Employment: Evidence from a Reform of the German Child Care Pension Benefit","authors":"A. Thiemann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2647245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2647245","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses administrative data to investigate how a change in pension wealth affects a mother’s employment decision after child birth. I exploit the extension of the child care pension benefit in 1992 as a natural experiment in a regression discontinuity design to estimate short- and medium-run employment effects. In comparison to most family benefits, the child care pension benefit is accumulated upon child birth but only becomes effective on the verge of retirement. Hence, the employment response depends on how a mother discounts future pension benefits. The results suggest that the change in pension wealth does not affect maternal employment, which is not in line with a forward looking rational behavior. Therefore, the child care pension benefit increases maternal old-age income without causing negative employment reactions.","PeriodicalId":289235,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116425775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Burdett-Mortensen Model of On-the-Job Search with Two Sectors 两部门在职求职的burdet - mortensen模型
ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2536700
Florian Hoffmann, Shouyong Shi
{"title":"Burdett-Mortensen Model of On-the-Job Search with Two Sectors","authors":"Florian Hoffmann, Shouyong Shi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2536700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2536700","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this paper is on the steady state of a two-sector economy with undirected search where employed and unemployed workers can search for jobs, both within a sector and between the sectors. As in the one-sector model, on-the-job search generates wage dispersion among homogeneous workers. The analysis of the two-sector model uncovers a property called constant tension that is responsible for analytical tractability. We characterize the steady state in all cases with constant tension. When time discounting vanishes, constant tension yields the endogenous separation rate in each sector as a linear function of the present value for a worker. The one-sector economy automatically satisfies constant tension, in which case the linear separation rate implies that equilibrium offers of the worker value are uniformly distributed. Constant tension also has strong predictions for worker transitions and value/wage dispersion, both within a sector and between the two sectors. When constant tension does not hold, we compute the steady state numerically and illustrate its properties.","PeriodicalId":289235,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Econometric Studies of Labor Markets & Household Behavior (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129511383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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